植物生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 1117-1126.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01117
余振1, 孙鹏森1,*(
), 刘世荣2
收稿日期:2011-05-18
接受日期:2011-08-01
出版日期:2011-05-18
发布日期:2011-11-07
通讯作者:
孙鹏森
作者简介:*(E-mail:sunpsen@forestry.ac.cn)
YU Zhen1, SUN Peng-Sen1,*(), LIU Shi-Rong2
Received:2011-05-18
Accepted:2011-08-01
Online:2011-05-18
Published:2011-11-07
Contact:
SUN Peng-Sen
摘要：
植被的动态变化及其与环境的关系已成为全球变化研究的热点问题。陆地样带是进行全球变化驱动因素梯度分析的有效途径。该研究依托中国东部南北样带(NSTEC), 对南北样带不同时间尺度的气候因子和植被活动变化特征进行了分析, 并重点阐述了具有代表性的12种植被类型对气候因子的响应方式。研究结果表明: 南北样带植被的归一化植被指数(NDVI)的变化同时受控于气温和降水, 但是在不同的空间和时间尺度上植被NDVI的响应方式各异。在年时间尺度上, 只有温带落叶灌丛(TDS)的NDVI受气温控制; 而温带禾草草原(TGS)和亚热带和热带针叶林(STCF)的NDVI同时受气温和降水调控。其他植被类型的年NDVI与年平均气温和年总降水量没有直接显著的联系, 而受年内气温变化和降水分配状况的影响更大。在月时间尺度上, NDVI与气温的关系在不同类型植被之间存在很大差异。一般而言, 植被NDVI与前4个月内的气温关系最为密切, 并且从1月份到4月份气温的滞后时长在缩短。其中, 温带针叶林(TCF)、温带落叶阔叶林(TDBF)、TDS、STCF和亚热带热带草丛(STG)等植被类型, 5-8月的NDVI与气温普遍呈负相关关系。草原和灌丛植被类型当月NDVI与当月降水量主要以正相关为主, 而森林类型当月NDVI与当月降水量主要以负相关为主。
余振, 孙鹏森, 刘世荣. 中国东部南北样带主要植被类型归一化植被指数对气候变化的响应及不同时间尺度的差异性. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(11): 1117-1126. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01117
YU Zhen, SUN Peng-Sen, LIU Shi-Rong. Response of normalized difference vegetation index in main vegetation types to climate change and their variations in different time scales along a North-South Transect of Eastern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(11): 1117-1126. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01117
| 植被类型 Vegetation type | 英文名 English name | 缩写 Abbreviations | 分布纬度(° N) Distributional latitude | NDVI范围 NDVIrange |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 寒温带温带针叶林 | Temperate and cold temperate coniferous forest | TCTCF | 48-53 | 0.11-0.77 |
| 温带针叶林 | Temperate coniferous forest | TCF | 32-42 | 0.21-0.59 |
| 温带针阔叶混交林 | Temperate mixed forest | TMF | 40-47 | 0.20-0.77 |
| 温带落叶阔叶林 | Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest | TDBF | 32-53 | 0.16-0.70 |
| 温带落叶灌丛 | Temperate deciduous shrubland | TDS | 30-50 | 0.18-0.61 |
| 温带草甸草原 | Temperate meadow steppe | TMS | 35-53 | 0.11-0.67 |
| 温带禾草草原 | Temperate grass steppe | TGS | 36-50 | 0.12-0.43 |
| 温带草丛 | Temperate grassland | TG | 30-42 | 0.20-0.55 |
| 亚热带和热带针叶林 | Subtropical and tropical coniferous forest | STCF | 21-34 | 0.33-0.61 |
| 亚热带落叶阔叶林 | Subtropical deciduous broad-leaved forest | SDBF | 25-35 | 0.30-0.63 |
| 亚热带常绿阔叶林 | Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest | SEBF | 22-31 | 0.35-0.63 |
| 亚热带和热带草丛 | Subtropical and tropical grassland | STG | 18-34 | 0.31-0.59 |
表1 中国东部南北样带上天然植被类型及其分布概况
Table 1 Natural vegetation types and their distribution along the North-South Transect of Eastern China
| 植被类型 Vegetation type | 英文名 English name | 缩写 Abbreviations | 分布纬度(° N) Distributional latitude | NDVI范围 NDVIrange |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 寒温带温带针叶林 | Temperate and cold temperate coniferous forest | TCTCF | 48-53 | 0.11-0.77 |
| 温带针叶林 | Temperate coniferous forest | TCF | 32-42 | 0.21-0.59 |
| 温带针阔叶混交林 | Temperate mixed forest | TMF | 40-47 | 0.20-0.77 |
| 温带落叶阔叶林 | Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest | TDBF | 32-53 | 0.16-0.70 |
| 温带落叶灌丛 | Temperate deciduous shrubland | TDS | 30-50 | 0.18-0.61 |
| 温带草甸草原 | Temperate meadow steppe | TMS | 35-53 | 0.11-0.67 |
| 温带禾草草原 | Temperate grass steppe | TGS | 36-50 | 0.12-0.43 |
| 温带草丛 | Temperate grassland | TG | 30-42 | 0.20-0.55 |
| 亚热带和热带针叶林 | Subtropical and tropical coniferous forest | STCF | 21-34 | 0.33-0.61 |
| 亚热带落叶阔叶林 | Subtropical deciduous broad-leaved forest | SDBF | 25-35 | 0.30-0.63 |
| 亚热带常绿阔叶林 | Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest | SEBF | 22-31 | 0.35-0.63 |
| 亚热带和热带草丛 | Subtropical and tropical grassland | STG | 18-34 | 0.31-0.59 |
图1 1982-2006年中国东部南北样带年平均气温趋势(℃·a-1)。
Fig. 1 Trend of mean annual air temperature in North-South Transect of Eastern China from 1982 to 2006 (℃·a-1).
图2 1982-2006年中国东部南北样带年平均降水趋势(mm·a-1)。
Fig. 2 Trend of mean annual precipitation in North-South Transect of Eastern China from 1982 to 2006 (mm·a-1).
图3 1982-2006年中国东部南北样带年平均归一化植被指数趋势。
Fig. 3 Trend of mean annual normalized difference vegetation index in North-South Transect of Eastern China from 1982 to 2006.
| 植被类型 Vegetation type | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCTCF | TCF | TMF | TDBF | TDS | TMS | TGS | TG | STCF | STG | SDBF | SEBF | |
| r t | 0.07 | 0.34 | -0.05 | 0.28 | 0.51** | 0.11 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.52** | -0.18 | 0.34 | -0.22 |
| r p | -0.18 | -0.35 | 0.05 | -0.18 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.32 | -0.03 | -0.44* | 0.08 | -0.19 | -0.09 |
| rNDVI-tp | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.57* | 0.26 | 0.51* | 0.38 | 0.55* | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.23 |
表2 中国东部南北样带不同植被类型年平均归一化植被指数(NDVI)与气温和降水的相关系数(1982-2006年)
Table 2 Correlation coefficients between mean annual normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and air temperature and precipitation for different vegetation types in North-South Transect of Eastern China from 1982 to 2006
| 植被类型 Vegetation type | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCTCF | TCF | TMF | TDBF | TDS | TMS | TGS | TG | STCF | STG | SDBF | SEBF | |
| r t | 0.07 | 0.34 | -0.05 | 0.28 | 0.51** | 0.11 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.52** | -0.18 | 0.34 | -0.22 |
| r p | -0.18 | -0.35 | 0.05 | -0.18 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.32 | -0.03 | -0.44* | 0.08 | -0.19 | -0.09 |
| rNDVI-tp | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.57* | 0.26 | 0.51* | 0.38 | 0.55* | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.23 |
| 响应方式 Response mode | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 受降水控制百分数 Percentage dominated by precipitation (%) | 受气温控制百分数 Percentage dominated by air temperature (%) | 受气温和降水控制百分数(%) Percentage dominated by precipitation and air temperature | 不受气温和降水控制百分数(%) Percentage not dominated by precipitation and air temperature | |
| TCTCF | 9.12 | 1.23 | 0.00 | 89.82 |
| TCF | 12.50 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 75.00 |
| TMF | 0.00 | 7.14 | 0.00 | 92.86 |
| TDBF | 3.85 | 19.23 | 0.00 | 76.92 |
| TDS | 4.13 | 30.58 | 2.48 | 64.46 |
| TMS | 4.89 | 10.90 | 2.26 | 81.95 |
| TGS | 23.95 | 21.57 | 3.11 | 51.74 |
| TG | 5.00 | 20.00 | 7.50 | 70.00 |
| STCF | 12.50 | 62.50 | 0.00 | 37.50 |
| SDBF | 10.26 | 28.21 | 2.56 | 64.10 |
| SEBF | 10.53 | 12.28 | 3.51 | 77.19 |
| STG | 8.91 | 15.84 | 0.99 | 76.24 |
表3 中国东部南北样带自然植被对气温和降水不同响应方式的比较
Table 3 Composition of natural vegetation response mode to air temperature and precipitation in North-South Transect of Eastern China
| 响应方式 Response mode | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 受降水控制百分数 Percentage dominated by precipitation (%) | 受气温控制百分数 Percentage dominated by air temperature (%) | 受气温和降水控制百分数(%) Percentage dominated by precipitation and air temperature | 不受气温和降水控制百分数(%) Percentage not dominated by precipitation and air temperature | |
| TCTCF | 9.12 | 1.23 | 0.00 | 89.82 |
| TCF | 12.50 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 75.00 |
| TMF | 0.00 | 7.14 | 0.00 | 92.86 |
| TDBF | 3.85 | 19.23 | 0.00 | 76.92 |
| TDS | 4.13 | 30.58 | 2.48 | 64.46 |
| TMS | 4.89 | 10.90 | 2.26 | 81.95 |
| TGS | 23.95 | 21.57 | 3.11 | 51.74 |
| TG | 5.00 | 20.00 | 7.50 | 70.00 |
| STCF | 12.50 | 62.50 | 0.00 | 37.50 |
| SDBF | 10.26 | 28.21 | 2.56 | 64.10 |
| SEBF | 10.53 | 12.28 | 3.51 | 77.19 |
| STG | 8.91 | 15.84 | 0.99 | 76.24 |
图4 中国东部南北样带各植被类型不同月份归一化植被指数与气温的相关关系。缩写同表1。
Fig. 4 Correlation coefficients between normalized difference vegetation index and air temperature in different months and vegetation types in North-South Transect of Eastern China. Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1.
| 月 Month | 植被类型 Vegetation type | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCTCF | TCF | TMF | TDBF | TDS | TMS | TGS | TG | STCF | STG | SDBF | SEBF | ||
| 1月 January | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | - | Ο | Ο | |
| 2月 February | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 3月 March | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | Ο | Ο | ++ | Ο | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - - | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | - - | Ο | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 4月 April | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | Ο | - - | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | ++ | + | ++ | Ο | |
| 5月 May | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ | Ο | ++ | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | ++ | Ο | + | + | Ο | Ο | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 6月 June | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | Ο | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | - | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | Ο | - | |
| 7月 July | 气温 Air temperature | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ | |
| NDVI | Ο | - - | Ο | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | Ο | - - | |
| 8月 August | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ | ++ | Ο | Ο | - - | - - | - - | |
| 9月 September | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | - - | - - | - - | - - | - | Ο | Ο | - - | Ο | - - | |
| NDVI | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | - - | |
| 10月 October | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | |
| 11月 November | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 12月 December | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | - - | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 年 Annual | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | - - | Ο | - - | Ο | - - | - - | Ο | - - | Ο | Ο | - - | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ | Ο | - - | Ο | - - | |
表4 1982-2006年不同植被类型气温、降水和归一化植被指数(NDVI)的Mann-Kendall检验值
Table 4 Mann-Kendall tests of data series of air temperature, precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in different vegetation types from 1982 to 2006
| 月 Month | 植被类型 Vegetation type | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCTCF | TCF | TMF | TDBF | TDS | TMS | TGS | TG | STCF | STG | SDBF | SEBF | ||
| 1月 January | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | - | Ο | Ο | |
| 2月 February | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 3月 March | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | Ο | Ο | ++ | Ο | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - - | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | - - | Ο | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 4月 April | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | Ο | - - | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | ++ | + | ++ | Ο | |
| 5月 May | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ | Ο | ++ | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | ++ | Ο | + | + | Ο | Ο | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 6月 June | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | Ο | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | - | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | Ο | - | |
| 7月 July | 气温 Air temperature | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ | |
| NDVI | Ο | - - | Ο | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | Ο | - - | |
| 8月 August | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | ++ | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ | ++ | Ο | Ο | - - | - - | - - | |
| 9月 September | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | - - | - - | - - | - - | - | Ο | Ο | - - | Ο | - - | |
| NDVI | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | - - | |
| 10月 October | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | |
| 11月 November | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | + | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | - - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 12月 December | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο |
| 降水量 Precipitation | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| NDVI | - - | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | |
| 年 Annual | 气温 Air temperature | Ο | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 降水量 Precipitation | - - | Ο | - - | Ο | - - | - - | Ο | - - | Ο | Ο | - - | Ο | |
| NDVI | Ο | - | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | ++ | Ο | - - | Ο | - - | |
图5 中国东部南北样带各植被类型不同月份归一化植被指数与降水的相关关系。缩写同表1。
Fig. 5 Correlation coefficients between normalized difference vegetation index and precipitation in different months and vegetation types in North-South Transect of Eastern China. Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1.
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