三种温带树种树干储存水对蒸腾的贡献

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

树干储存水在协调叶片水分和碳平衡、维持树木水分收支平衡中起着重要作用。以无孔材红松(Pinus koraiensis)、散孔材山杨(Populus davidiana)和环孔材蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)为对象, 于2010年8月中旬至9月末(生长季后期)测定其冠基和干基树干液流通量以及树干储存水的日变化过程, 量化分析树干储存水对日蒸腾量的贡献及其生物影响因子。结果表明: 冠基的液流比干基启动得早, 而且两者在一天中存在显著的时滞。树干储存水的日进程总体上可分为: 完全释放、以释放为主补充为辅、以补充为主释放为辅、饱和稳定等4个阶段, 但每个阶段的持续时间和变化格局随树种而变。红松的树干储存水在一天内表现出两个释放-补充周期, 而两种阔叶树种均只经历了一次释放-补充过程。在测定时段内红松、山杨、蒙古栎标准化到平均木(边材体积为0.29 m³)的树干储存水释放量分别为: (3.4 ± 1.5)、(2.4 ± 0.6)和(1.5 ± 0.4) kg·d ^-1, 分别占日蒸腾量的18.9%、17.1%和8.8%。树干储存水释放量与日蒸腾量呈显著的指数函数关系, 而与干基的边材面积和树高呈正相关关系。该研究突显了树木大小(树高和边材面积)和材性特征对树干储存水释放量及其对蒸腾量贡献的重要影响。

关键词: 日动态, 树干液流, 蒸腾, 水分储存, 水分利用

Abstract:

Aims Stem water storage plays a significant role in maintaining a favorable leaf water and carbon balance and minimizing temporal imbalances between water supply and demand. Few measurements, however, have been made on the daily dynamics of discharge and recharge of stem water storage, especially for Chinese temperate trees. Our objectives were to (1) examine diurnal courses of stem water storage of three temperate trees with different characteristics in Northeast China, i.e., coniferous needle-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), broadleaved diffuse-porous aspen (Populus davidiana) and ring-porous Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica), (2) quantify the contribution of stem water storage to the daily transpiration loss for these trees and (3) explore biotic factors influencing stem water storage.
Methods Sapflow was measured simultaneously at the crown base and trunk base with calibrated thermal dissipation probes from mid-August to late-September 2010. The daily stem water storage was calculated by comparing the diurnal patterns of trunk basal and crown basal sapflow for each of three replicated trees per species.
Important findings Crown basal sapflow started earlier than trunk basal sapflow in the morning for all trees, and a distinct time lag existed during the daytime. This suggested stem water storage was significant in regulating tree transpiration losses. The diurnal course of stem water storage was divided into four stages, i.e., full discharge, mainly discharge supplemented with recharge, mainly recharge supplemented with discharge, and saturated steady stages. However, the duration and pattern of each stage varied with species. The pine experienced two periods of discharge and recharge of stem water storage, while the two broad-leaved species experienced only one. The daily amount of water withdrawn from storage and subsequently replaced that was normalized to the mean sapwood volume (0.29 m³) was (3.4 ± 1.5), (2.4 ± 0.6) and (1.5 ± 0.4) kg·d ^-1 (mean ± SD) for the pine, aspen, and oak, respectively, accounting for 18.9%, 17.1% and 8.8% of the total daily water loss, respectively. Use of stem-stored water exponentially increased with daily water loss, and was positively correlated with the basal sapwood area and tree height. These results emphasize the effects of tree size (i.e., tree height and sapwood area) and timber properties on stem water storage and its contribution to daily water losses.

Key words: diurnal course, sapflow, transpiration, water storage, water use

金鹰, 王传宽, 桑英. 三种温带树种树干储存水对蒸腾的贡献. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(12): 1310-1317. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01310

JIN Ying, WANG Chuan-Kuan, SANG Ying. Contribution of stem water storage to daily transpiration of three temperate trees in northeastern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(12): 1310-1317. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01310

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I12/1310

图/表 6

表1 树干液流测定样树的基本特征(平均值(标准偏差), n = 3)

Table 1 Characteristics of the sampled trees for sapflow measurement (mean (SD), n = 3)

树种 Species	树高 Tree height (m)	冠基高度 Height of crown base (m)	冠幅 Crown width (m)	干基 (胸高) Trunk base (breast height)		冠基 Crown base
树种 Species	树高 Tree height (m)	冠基高度 Height of crown base (m)	冠幅 Crown width (m)	直径 Diameter (cm)	边材宽度Sapwood width (cm)	直径 Diameter (cm)	边材宽度 Sapwood width (cm)
红松 Pinus koraiensis	16.5 (0.5)	6.3 (0.5)	4.7 (1.2)	26.1 (3.1)	3.4 (0.8)	20.7 (2.8)	3.3 (0.9)
山杨 Populus davidiana	25.8 (1.9)	15.0 (0.6)	4.7 (0.3)	29.1 (1.2)	7.1 (1.5)	17.9 (0.7)	4.7 (1.9)
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	16.7 (0.8)	9.8 (2.3)	4.7 (1.6)	27.5 (4.7)	1.9 (0.6)	20.3 (5.2)	1.5 (0.6)

图1 3树种冠基和干基液流通量以及光合有效辐射的日变化(平均值±标准偏差)。红松(HS)、山杨(SY)、蒙古栎(ML)的样本数分别为9、16和12。

Fig. 1 Diurnal courses of the crown-basal and trunk-basal sap flow and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for three tree species (mean ± SD). The sample sizes for Pinus koraiensis (HS), Populus davidiana (SY), and Quercus mongolica (ML) are 9, 16, and 12, respectively.

图2 3树种树干储存水释放和补充日动态(平均值±标准偏差)。红松(HS)、山杨(SY)、蒙古栎(ML)的样本数分别为9、16和12。

Fig. 2 Diurnal courses of discharge and recharge of stem stored water for three tree species (mean ± SD). The sample sizes for Pinus koraiensis (HS), Populus davidiana (SY), and Quercus mongolica (ML) are 9, 16, and 12, respectively.

图3 3树种树干储存水释放量及其对蒸腾量的贡献(平均值±标准偏差)。WSn, 标准化后树干储存水释放量; Trn, 标准化后蒸腾量; WSn/Trn, 标准化后树干储存水释放量对蒸腾的贡献率。红松(HS)、山杨(SY)、蒙古栎(ML)的样本数分别为9、16和12。a、b、c表示显著性差异组别(α = 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Discharge of stem stored water and its contribution to transpiration for three tree species (mean ± SD). WS n, normalized discharge of stem stored water; Trn, normalized transpiration; WSn/Trn, contribution of WSn to Trn. The sample sizes for Pinus koraiensis (HS), Populus davidiana (SY), and Quercus mongolica (ML) are 9, 16, and 12, respectively. a, b, and c stand for significant difference groups (α = 0.05).

图4 3树种树干储存水释放量与总蒸腾量的关系。HS, 红松; ML, 蒙古栎; SY, 山杨。

Fig. 4 Relationships between discharge of stem stored water and transpiration for three tree species. HS, Pinus koraiensis; ML, Quercus mongolica; SY, Populus davidiana.

图5 树干储存水释放量与干基边材面积及树高的关系。HS, 红松; ML, 蒙古栎; SY, 山杨。

Fig. 5 Discharge of stem stored water in relation to basal sapwood area and tree height. HS, Pinus koraiensis; ML, Quercus mongolica; SY, Populus davidiana.

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