地下水位下降对浑善达克沙地榆树光合及抗逆性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00177

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以浑善达克沙地优势树种榆树(Ulmus pumila)幼苗为研究对象, 在半控制试验中设置4个地下水位梯度(U1、U2、U3和U4, 地下水位分别为距离土壤表面1、2、3和4 m)研究了不同地下水位处理对榆树光合特征及抗逆性的影响。结果表明: 1)随着地下水位下降, 榆树对强、弱光的利用能力下降, 最大光合能力降低。随着地下水位的下降, 榆树叶片光饱和点、表观量子效率及暗呼吸速率均显著下降(p < 0.05), U1最大净光合速率可达(10.81 ± 0.28) μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 而U4最大净光合速率降至(8.98 ± 0.08) μmol·m ^-2·s^-1, 下降了16.9%; 2)地下水位下降使榆树的光能转化效率下降。与U1相比, U2、U3和U4的Rubisco最大羧化效率、光呼吸速率、最大电子传递效率和磷酸丙糖利用率均显著下降(p < 0.05), 而CO₂补偿点显著升高(p < 0.05); 3)地下水位越低, 榆树受到的胁迫越严重。U2、U3和U4的可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量较之U1均显著升高(p < 0.05)。因此, 地下水位下降会显著降低浑善达克沙地榆树的光合性能, 造成干旱胁迫。在实践中应加强地下水管理, 这对浑善达克沙地稀树疏林生态系统的可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 干旱, CO₂响应曲线, 渗透调节物质, 光响应曲线, 地下水位

Abstract:

Aims Ulmus pumila, a widespread tree in the semiarid ecosystems of northern China, forms sparse woodlands in Hunshandake Sandy Land. However, the population of U. pumila has been declining in recent years because of a lowered water table, mainly caused by increased human water consumption. Our objective was to clarify the relationships between tree ecophysiological activity and the water table in order to provide information for protection of the species.
Methods Saplings of U. pumila were planted in pots with simulated water tables at 1, 2, 3 and 4 m depth (U1, U2, U3 and U4, respectively). The impacts of water tables on the photosynthetic characteristics and stress tole- rence of U. pumila were determined by analyzing photosynthetic light and CO₂ curves, pigments, predawn water potential, soluble sugar and proline.
Important findings Both the utilization efficiency of strong and weak light by U. pumila and the maximum photosynthetic rate decreased with lowered water table. Compared to U1, the light saturation point, apparent quantum yield and dark respiration rate of U2, U3 and U4 were significantly decreased successively (p < 0.05). The maximum net photosynthetic rate of U4 ((8.98 ± 0.08) μmol·m^-2·s^-1) was reduced by 16.9% compared to U1 ((10.81 ± 0.28) μmol·m ^-2·s^-1). Light energy conversion efficiency of U. pumila also declined with lowered water table. Compared to U1, the photorespiratory rate, maximum RuBP saturated rate of carboxylation, maximum rate of electron transport and rate of triose-phosphate utilization decreased (p < 0.05) and CO₂ compensation point increased in the order of U2 < U3 < U4 (p < 0.05). The soluble sugar and proline contents significantly increased (p < 0.05) with lowered water table, i.e. U1 < U2 < U3 < U4, indicating that the lowered water table induced the greater stress. Therefore, groundwater decline resulted in drought stress and down-graded photosynthetic ability. This implies that the decrease in U. pumila population might be caused by the lowered water table and that maintaining proper underground water table in Hunshandake Sandy Land is helpful to the sustainability of the sparse woodland ecosystem.

Key words: arid, CO₂ response curve, osmotic adjustment substance, photosynthetic-light response curve, water table

苏华, 李永庚, 苏本营, 孙建新. 地下水位下降对浑善达克沙地榆树光合及抗逆性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(3): 177-186. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00177

SU Hua, LI Yong-Geng, SU Ben-Ying, SUN Jian-Xin. Effects of groundwater decline on photosynthetic characteristics and stress tolerance of Ulmus pumila in Hunshandake Sandy Land, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(3): 177-186. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00177

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00177

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I3/177

图/表 8

图1 实验聚氯乙烯安置侧面示意图。虚线代表水槽中水面。U1, 地下水位1 m; U2, 地下水位2 m; U3, 地下水位3 m; U4, 地下水位4 m。

Fig. 1 Illustration of PVC tubes arrangement. Dotted line indicates water surface in tank. U1, water table is 1 m; U2, water table is 2 m; U3, water table is 3 m; U4, water table is 4 m.

表1 不同地下水位对浑善达克沙地榆树幼苗叶片光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)及最大净光合速率(Pmax)的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 9)。

Table 1 Effects of different water table on light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), apparent quantum yield (AQY), dark respiration rate (Rd) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) in Ulmus pumila leaf in Hunshandake Sandy Land (mean ± SD, n = 9)

处理 Treatment	LSP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_LSP (%)	LCP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_LCP (%)	AQY (mol·mol^-1)	Δ_AQY (%)	R_d (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_R_d (%)	P_max (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_P_max (%)
U1	1412.28 ± 12.11^d	-	9.40 ± 0.97^a	-	0.021 ± 0.000^c	-	1.15 ± 0.05^d	-	10.81 ± 0.28^d	-
U2	1048.94 ± 19.26^c	25.7	11.85 ± 1.05^b	-26.1	0.015 ± 0.001^b	28.6	0.55 ± 0.13^c	52.2	9.95 ± 0.12^c	8.0
U3	920.46 ± 12.77^b	34.8	26.09 ± 1.30^c	-177.6	0.013 ± 0.001^a	38.1	0.45 ± 0.11^b	60.9	9.37 ± 0.22^b	13.3
U4	696.84 ± 15.03^a	50.7	36.25 ± 1.77^d	-285.6	0.012 ± 0.001^a	42.9	0.29 ± 0.06^a	74.8	8.98 ± 0.08^a	16.9

图2 浑善达克沙地榆树幼苗叶片最大净光合速率(Pmax)与暗呼吸速率(Rd)、表观量子效率(AQY)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)的相关关系(平均值±标准偏差, n = 9)。

Fig. 2 Relationships of the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) and dark respiration rate (Rd), apparent quantum yield (AQY), light compensation point (LCP), light saturation point (LSP) in Ulmus pumila leaf in Hunshandake Sandy Land (mean ± SD, n = 9).

表2 不同地下水位对浑善达克沙地榆树幼苗叶片光呼吸速率(Rp)、Rubisco最大羧化效率(Vcmax)、最大电子传递效率(Jmax)、磷酸丙糖利用率(VTPU)及CO2补偿点(CCP)的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 9)。

Table 2 Effects of different water table on photorespiratory rate (Rp), maximum RuBP saturated rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), rate of triose-phosphate utilization (VTPU) and CO2 compensation point (CCP) in Ulmus pumila leaf in Hunshandake Sandy Land (mean ± SD, n = 9)

处理 Treatment	R_p (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_R_p (%)	V_cmax (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_V_cmax (%)	J_max (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_J_max (%)	V_TPU (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_V_TPU (%)	CCP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	Δ_CCP (%)
U1	6.73 ± 0.16^d	-	68.19 ± 0.10^d	-	69.46 ± 0.05^d	-	15.53 ± 0.77^d	-	45.37 ± 7.62^a	-
U2	4.94 ± 0.21^c	26.6	34.15 ± 0.04^c	49.9	32.90 ± 0.13^c	52.6	7.53 ± 0.30^c	51.5	108.27 ± 12.45^b	-138.6
U3	1.48 ± 0.19^b	78.0	21.53 ± 0.10^b	68.4	18.89 ± 0.11^b	72.8	4.41 ± 0.07^b	71.6	120.22 ± 11.85^c	-165.0
U4	0.19 ± 0.15^a	97.2	17.91 ± 0.42^a	73.7	16.90 ± 0.10^a	75.7	3.79 ± 0.26^a	75.6	162.21 ± 9.40^d	-257.5

表3 不同地下水位对浑善达克沙地榆树幼苗叶片光合色素含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。

Table 3 Effects of different water table on photosynthesis pigments content in Ulmus pumila leaf in Hunshandake Sandy Land (mean ± SD, n = 3)

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (mg·g^-1DW)	Δ_{Chl a} (%)	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (mg·g^-1DW)	Δ_{Chl b} (%)	叶绿素a + b Chlorophyll a+b (mg·g^-1DW)	Δ_{Chl a + b} (%)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid (mg·g^-1DW)	Δ_Car (%)
U1	0.195 ± 0.004^b	-	0.065 ± 0.022^a	-	0.260 ± 0.006^d	-	0.055 ± 0.018^a	-
U2	0.191 ± 0.029^b	2.1	0.061 ± 0.010^a	6.2	0.252 ± 0.039^c	3.1	0.054 ± 0.009^a	1.8
U3	0.180 ± 0.024^a	7.7	0.058 ± 0.010^b	10.8	0.238 ± 0.034^b	8.5	0.067 ± 0.009^b	-21.8
U4	0.170 ± 0.060^a	12.8	0.056 ± 0.003^b	13.8	0.226 ± 0.082^a	13.1	0.066 ± 0.001^b	-20.0

图3 不同地下水位对浑善达克沙地榆树叶片水势(ψp)的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。不同字母表示单因素方差分析差异显著(p < 0.05)。U1、U2、U3和U4同图1。

Fig. 3 Effects of different water tables on the leaf water potential (ψp) in Ulmus pumila leaf in Hunshandake Sandy Land (mean ± SD, n = 3). Values with different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) according to one-way ANOVA. U1, U2, U3 and U4 see Fig. 1.

图4 不同地下水位对浑善达克沙地榆树叶片可溶性糖含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。不同字母表示单因素方差分析差异显著(p < 0.05)。U1、U2、U3和U4同图1。

Fig. 4 Effects of different water table on the soluble sugar content in Ulmus pumila leaf in Hunshandake Sandy Land (mean ± SD, n = 3). Values with different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) according to one-way ANOVA. U1, U2, U3 and U4 see Fig. 1.

图5 不同地下水位对浑善达克沙地榆树叶片脯氨酸含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。不同字母表示单因素方差分析差异显著(p < 0.05)。U1、U2、U3和U4同图1。

Fig. 5 Effects of different water table on proline content in Ulmus pumila leaf in Hunshandake Sandy Land (mean ± SD, n = 3). Values with different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) according to one-way ANOVA. U1, U2, U3 and U4 see Fig. 1.

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