山西文峪河上游河岸林群落稳定性评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00491

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稳定性是植物群落结构与功能的综合特征。该文运用模糊综合评判理论评价了山西文峪河上游13种河岸林群落的稳定性。基于群落整体稳定性和结构稳定性的考虑, 选取乔木层优势树种更新潜力、物种多样性、Godron指数、立地质量和保护程度等5项特征指标, 通过计算各群落5项指标隶属度的平均值来评价群落稳定性。研究结果表明, 多数群落的稳定性隶属度介于0.40-0.60, 属于低山森林演替系列的青杨辽东栎(Populus cathayana + Quercus wutaishanica)混交林和油松白桦(Pinus tabulaeformis + Betula platyphylla)混交林的稳定性居中; 中高山森林演替系列中, 群落稳定性随着演替的进展而增加, 青杨(Populus cathayana)林结构简单, 稳定性最低, 青杄(Picea wilsonii)林接近演替顶极, 稳定性最高; 但并非只有近演替顶极的群落是稳定的, 客观存在的各种林冠干扰和河岸生境的高度异质性也使得白杄杨桦(Picea meyeri + Populus cathayana + Betula platyphylla)混交林、落叶松白杄(Larix principis-rupprechtii + Picea meyeri)混交林和落叶松青杄(Larix principis- rupprechtii + Picea wilsonii)混交林有较高的稳定性。

关键词: 模糊综合评判, 河岸林, 物种多样性, 稳定性

Abstract:

Aims Stability can comprehensively reflect the structural and functional characteristics of communities. Our objective was to evaluate the stability of 13 riparian forest communities in the upper reaches of Wenyuhe.
Methods The evaluation was based on fuzzy comprehensive appraisement theory. In considering integrity stability and structural stability, five indexes were selected which could reflect the current situations of the 13 communities: regeneration of dominant species of the tree layer, total species diversity, Godron index, site quality and protection intensity. The five indexes were measured by 12 factors. Community stability was determined by the means of five subordinate function values.
Important findings Most subordinate function values were 0.40-0.60. The stability of two communities, Populus cathayana + Quercus wutaishanica and Pinus tabulaeformis + Betula platyphylla, classified them in the middle of a low-mountain forest succession series. Among middle (high)-mountain forest succession series, stability increased with succession progressing from Populus cathayana forest as the lowest to Picea wilsonii as the highest. In addition, the stability of Picea meyeri + Populus cathayana + Betula platyphylla mixed forest, Larix principis-rupprechtii + Picea meyeri mixed forest and Larix principis-rupprechtii + Picea wilsonii mixed forest were also high, probably in response to disturbance caused by tree canopy or environmental heterogeneity.

Key words: fuzzy synthetic evaluation, riparian forest, species diversity, stability

高润梅, 石晓东, 郭跃东. 山西文峪河上游河岸林群落稳定性评价. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(6): 491-503. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00491

GAO Run-Mei, SHI Xiao-Dong, GUO Yue-Dong. Community stability evaluation of riparian forest of the upper reaches of Wenyuhe in Shanxi, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(6): 491-503. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00491

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00491

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I6/491

图/表 9

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群落类型 Community type	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect (°)	郁闭度 Canopy coverage	样地数量 Plot number
1 青杨林 PCS	1 680	0-2	275	0.40-0.45	3
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	1 818-1 935	0-16	110-243	0.36-0.40	3
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	1 830-1 869	0-8	197-297	0.45-0.48	6
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	1 940-2 144	22-40	180-299	0.44-0.50	6
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	1 818-1 935	2-15	60-168	0.50-0.53	3
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	1 935-2 099	8-25	60-197	0.48-0.55	6
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	1 780-1 820	17-25	290-310	0.60-0.70	5
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	1 820-1 950	23-25	310-330	0.60-0.63	5
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	1 980-2 135	15-36	241-304	0.60-0.68	4
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	1 895-1 935	0-15	110-164	0.68-0.71	3
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	1 785-2 030	4-27	142-224	0.75-0.78	3
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	1 950-2 250	18-33	221-327	0.68-0.72	6
13 青杄林 PWS	2 020-2 270	0-10	22-83	0.75-0.80	3

群落类型 Community type	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect (°)	郁闭度 Canopy coverage	样地数量 Plot number
1 青杨林 PCS	1 680	0-2	275	0.40-0.45	3
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	1 818-1 935	0-16	110-243	0.36-0.40	3
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	1 830-1 869	0-8	197-297	0.45-0.48	6
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	1 940-2 144	22-40	180-299	0.44-0.50	6
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	1 818-1 935	2-15	60-168	0.50-0.53	3
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	1 935-2 099	8-25	60-197	0.48-0.55	6
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	1 780-1 820	17-25	290-310	0.60-0.70	5
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	1 820-1 950	23-25	310-330	0.60-0.63	5
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	1 980-2 135	15-36	241-304	0.60-0.68	4
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	1 895-1 935	0-15	110-164	0.68-0.71	3
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	1 785-2 030	4-27	142-224	0.75-0.78	3
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	1 950-2 250	18-33	221-327	0.68-0.72	6
13 青杄林 PWS	2 020-2 270	0-10	22-83	0.75-0.80	3

群落类型 Community type	幼苗 Seedling (%)	标准值 Standard value	幼树 Sapling (%)	标准值 Standard value	平均值 Mean
1 青杨林 PCS	49.22	500.46	2.03	26.43	263.44
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	44.81	455.62	76.80	1 000.00	727.81
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	21.94	223.08	48.17	627.21	425.15
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	1.33	13.52	17.53	228.26	120.89
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	2.45	24.91	39.54	514.84	269.88
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	41.58	422.78	10.61	138.15	280.46
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	69.47	706.35	58.20	757.81	732.08
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	10.46	106.35	15.69	204.30	155.33
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	2.52	25.62	17.65	229.82	127.72
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	69.47	706.35	15.98	208.07	457.21
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	98.35	1 000.00	42.18	549.22	774.61
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	66.41	675.24	35.98	468.49	571.87
13 青杄林 PWS	52.23	531.06	19.03	247.79	389.42

群落类型 Community type	幼苗 Seedling (%)	标准值 Standard value	幼树 Sapling (%)	标准值 Standard value	平均值 Mean
1 青杨林 PCS	49.22	500.46	2.03	26.43	263.44
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	44.81	455.62	76.80	1 000.00	727.81
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	21.94	223.08	48.17	627.21	425.15
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	1.33	13.52	17.53	228.26	120.89
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	2.45	24.91	39.54	514.84	269.88
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	41.58	422.78	10.61	138.15	280.46
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	69.47	706.35	58.20	757.81	732.08
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	10.46	106.35	15.69	204.30	155.33
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	2.52	25.62	17.65	229.82	127.72
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	69.47	706.35	15.98	208.07	457.21
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	98.35	1 000.00	42.18	549.22	774.61
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	66.41	675.24	35.98	468.49	571.87
13 青杄林 PWS	52.23	531.06	19.03	247.79	389.42

群落类型 Community type	层次 Layer	S	D	H	J_D	J_H	平均值 Mean
1 青杨林 PCS	乔木 Tree	347.83	56.34	72.85	98.90	177.78	613.78
	灌木 Shrub	301.89	780.22	520.16	969.39	968.75
	草本 Herb	966.67	1 000.00	996.89	948.98	1 000.00
2 青杨辽东栎混交林 PQM	乔木 Tree	638.26	802.82	682.12	934.07	955.56	849.27
	灌木 Shrub	805.28	923.08	846.77	948.98	927.08
	草本 Herb	589.00	947.37	801.24	979.59	957.89
3 青杨白桦混交林 PBM	乔木 Tree	565.22	816.90	655.63	923.08	944.44	827.33
	灌木 Shrub	498.11	890.11	709.68	979.59	979.17
	草本 Herb	746.67	957.89	847.83	969.39	926.32
4 杨桦落叶松混交林 PBL	乔木 Tree	521.74	732.39	576.16	857.14	877.78	781.25
	灌木 Shrub	498.11	824.18	629.03	918.37	906.25
	草本 Herb	753.33	936.84	822.98	959.18	905.26
5 青杨白杄混交林 PPM	乔木 Tree	986.09	1 000.00	966.89	945.05	933.33	920.69
	灌木 Shrub	679.25	934.07	810.48	979.59	958.33
	草本 Herb	766.67	968.42	913.04	979.59	989.47
6 杨桦青杄混交林 PBP	乔木 Tree	579.13	845.07	695.36	956.04	966.67	822.54
	灌木 Shrub	452.83	780.22	592.74	908.16	906.25
	草本 Herb	855.67	978.95	894.41	989.80	936.84
7 油松白桦混交林 TBM	乔木 Tree	913.04	873.24	768.21	857.14	800.00	947.44
	灌木 Shrub	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00
	草本 Herb	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00	1 000.00
8 落叶松辽东栎混交林 LQM	乔木 Tree	1 000.00	901.41	847.68	857.14	811.11	915.02
	灌木 Shrub	867.92	978.02	927.42	989.80	979.17
	草本 Herb	866.67	957.89	866.46	969.39	905.26
9 落叶松青杨混交林 LPM	乔木 Tree	638.26	901.41	754.97	978.02	1 000.00	839.93
	灌木 Shrub	471.70	868.13	677.42	979.59	979.17
	草本 Herb	791.67	926.32	819.88	938.78	873.68
10 白杄杨桦混交林 PPB	乔木 Tree	986.09	1056.34	1 000.00	1 000.00	966.67	900.90
	灌木 Shrub	603.77	912.09	758.06	969.39	947.92
	草本 Herb	666.67	947.37	813.66	959.18	926.32
11 落叶松白杄混交林 LMM	乔木 Tree	579.13	774.65	642.38	912.09	933.33	824.49
	灌木 Shrub	503.40	901.10	721.77	989.80	989.58
	草本 Herb	766.67	947.37	841.61	959.18	905.26
12 落叶松青杄混交林 LWM	乔木 Tree	869.57	929.58	847.68	923.08	900.00	868.54
	灌木 Shrub	503.40	868.13	693.55	959.18	958.33
	草本 Herb	911.00	947.37	863.35	959.18	894.74
13 青杄林 PWS	乔木 Tree	695.65	830.99	728.48	857.14	888.89	812.23
	灌木 Shrub	704.15	912.09	798.39	948.98	927.08
	草本 Herb	866.67	789.47	692.55	806.12	736.84