青藏高原东缘红桦-岷江冷杉次生林中大径级保留木对其他林木的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00121

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究森林采伐后保留木在次生群落恢复过程中对其他林木的影响, 采用Hegyi单木竞争指数(CI)和标记相关点格局k_d(r)函数对4 hm ²红桦-岷江冷杉(Betula albosinensis-Abies faxoniana)次生林样地中大径级保留木与其他林木的空间关系进行了分析。结果表明: 1)优势树种红桦(Betula albosinensis)与岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)的种间、种内竞争中, 种间Hegyi单木竞争指数(CI) (2.484) >红桦种内CI (1.711) >岷江冷杉种内CI (1.548); 2)大径级保留木与其他径级林木间的竞争指数中, 红桦大径级保留木与红桦小树的竞争指数最大, 红桦大径级保留木与岷江冷杉小树、岷江冷杉大径级保留木与红桦小树和岷江冷杉小树这三组的竞争指数之间无显著差异, 且三者的值最小; 3)在14.5-15.5 m尺度上, 红桦大径级保留木与岷江冷杉幼树呈显著的空间正关联; 在6.5-7.5 m的尺度上, 岷江冷杉大径级保留木与岷江冷杉幼树呈显著的空间负关联; 0-100 m尺度上, 岷江冷杉幼苗(树龄≥4年)与两种大径级保留木均呈相互独立的空间关系。

关键词: 岷江冷杉, 红桦, 竞争, 影响, Hegyi单木竞争指数, 标记相关点格局k_d(r)函数, 保留木, 红桦-岷江冷杉次生林

Abstract:

Aims As one of the biological legacies in degraded forest ecosystems after severe disturbance, remnant trees have many ecological effects in biodiversity maintenance and recovery of ecosystem structure and functioning. This study aims to understand the effects of remnant old-growth trees on other tree stems in a secondary Betula albosinensis-Abies faxoniana forest on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China.

Methods We established a 4 hm ² forest plot in a sub-alpine Betula albosinensis-Abies faxoniana stand in Miyaluo in western Sichuan, China. The species names, tree heights, diameters at breast height (DBH) (>1.3 m in height), and basal diameters (≥4 years, and ≤1.3 m in height) of all woody stems were recorded and the specific locations of all trees were mapped. Hegyi’s competition index model was used to calculate the competition intensity between remnant old-growth trees and other dominant trees of different size-classes as well as the intra- and inter-specific competition intensity of the two dominant tree species, Abies faxoniana and Betula albosinensis. We used mark correlation functions k_d(r) to explore the associations of the remnant old-growth trees with seedlings and saplings of A. faxoniana.

Important findings The value of the inter-specific competition index (Hegyi’s competition index (CI) = 2.484) between B. albosinensis and A. faxoniana was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the values of the intra-specific competition indices of B. albosinensis (CI = 1.711) and A. faxoniana (CI = 1.548). The value of the competition index between remnant old-growth trees and the small trees of B. albosinensis was largest among the competition indices between the remnant old-growth trees and tree stems of different size-classes. The competition indices between remnant old-growth trees of B. albosinensis and small trees of A. faxoniana, between remnant old-growth trees and small trees of A. faxoniana and between remnant old-growth trees of A. faxoniana and small trees of B. albosinensis did not differ significantly, and were smallest among the competition indices between trees of different size-classes. Saplings of A. faxoniana showed a significantly positive association with remnant old-growth trees of B. albosinensis at scale 14.5-15.5 m, and a significantly negative association with remnant old-growth trees of A. faxoniana at scale 6.5-7.5 m. The seedlings of A. faxoniana showed a spatial independence to remnant old-growth trees of both B. albosinensis and A. faxoniana at all spatial scales (0-100 m).

Key words: Abies faxoniana, Betula albosinensis, competition, effects, Hegyi’s competition index;;, mark correlation functions k_d(r), remnant trees, secondary Betula albosinensis-Abies faxoniana forest

李茂萍, 缪宁, 喻泓, 马姜明. 青藏高原东缘红桦-岷江冷杉次生林中大径级保留木对其他林木的影响. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(12): 1263-1272. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00121

LI Mao-Ping, MIAO Ning, YU Hong, MA Jiang-Ming. Effects of remnant old-growth trees on other tree stems in a secondary Betula albosinensis- Abies faxoniana forest on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(12): 1263-1272. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00121

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00121

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I12/1263

图/表 4

图1 红桦大径级保留木和岷江冷杉大径级保留木在4 hm2样地中的分布。大径级保留木的大小用与其胸径大小成正比的圆圈表示。

Fig. 1 Map of the 4-hm2 forest plot showing the locations of remnant old-growth trees of Abies faxoniana and Betula albosinensis. The sizes of remnant old-growth trees are indicated by symbol sizes proportional to the diameter at breast height.

图2 优势种红桦和岷江冷杉种内与种间竞争指数的大小比较(平均值±标准误差)。A, 岷江冷杉; B, 红桦。不同小写字母表示多重比较结果中两组数据在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 2 Multiple comparisons of intra-specific and inter- specific competition indices of the two dominant tree species Betula albosinensis and Abies faxoniana (mean ± SE). A, A. faxoniana; B, B. albosinensis. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level of the multiple comparisons.

图3 大径级保留木与其他径级林木竞争指数的大小比较(平均值±标准误差)。 A, 保留木与岷江冷杉各径级林木及其各径级林木内部。B, 保留木与红桦各径级林木及其各径级林木内部。C, 保留木与红桦和岷江冷杉各径级林木间。D, 红桦和岷江冷杉各径级林木内部。A1, 岷江冷杉大径级保留木; A2, 岷江冷杉中树; A3, 岷江冷杉小树; B1, 红桦大径级保留木; B2, 红桦中树; B3, 红桦小树。不同小写字母表示多重比较结果中两组数据在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 3 Multiple comparisons of competition indices between remnant old-growth trees and other tree stems of different size-classes (mean ± SE). A, Between remnant old-growth trees and trees of different size-classes in Abies faxoniana and within different size-classes of A. faxoniana. B, Between remnant old-growth trees and trees of different size-classes of Betula albosinensis and within different size-classes of B. albosinensis. C, Between remnant old-growth trees and trees of different size-classes of A. faxoniana trees and B. albosinensis. D, Within different size-classes of A. faxoniana and B. albosinensis. A1, A2 and A3 denote remnant old-growth trees, medium trees, and small trees of A. faxoniana, respectively; B1, B2, and B3 denote remnant old-growth trees, medium trees, and small trees of B. albosinensis, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level of the multiple comparisons.

图4 大径级保留木与岷江冷杉幼苗(树龄≥4年)和幼树间的空间关系(标记相关点格局kd(r)函数的值)。A1, 岷江冷杉大径级保留木; B1, 红桦大径级保留木; A4, 岷江冷杉幼树; A5, 岷江冷杉幼苗(树龄≥4年)。模拟置信限为第5个最小值和第5个最大值间的数值范围; 虚线区间表示模拟置信限, 实线表示kd(r)函数值, 在置信限上方的点表示呈空间负关联, 在置信限内的点表示相互独立, 在置信限下方的表示呈空间正关联。

Fig. 4 The values of mark correlation functions kd(r), indicating the spatial relationships between remnant old-growth trees and seedlings or saplings of Abies faxoniana. A1, A4 and A5 denote remnant old-growth trees, saplings, and seedlings (≥ four years) of Abies faxoniana, respectively. B1 denotes remnant old-growth trees of Betula albosinensis. Simulation envelopes are the 5th lowest and highest values; thin dashed lines indicate the upper and lower limits of the 95% simulation envelope of the shift null model, and sold black lines indicate mark correlation function kd(r). Points above the upper envelope indicate negative associations, points between the envelopes indicate spatial independence, and points below the lower envelope indicate positive associations.

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