不同林龄、树种落叶松人工林径向生长与气候变化的关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0155

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 27-36.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0155

不同林龄、树种落叶松人工林径向生长与气候变化的关系

温晓示¹,陈彬杭¹,张树斌¹,徐凯¹,叶新宇¹,倪伟杰²,王襄平^1,^*()

1 北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083
2 辽宁省森林经营研究所, 辽宁丹东 118003

收稿日期:2018-07-05 接受日期:2019-01-04 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-04-25
通讯作者: 王襄平 ORCID:0000-0001-8158-560X
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502104);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0503901);国家自然科学基金(31870430);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2015FY210200-8);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07101002)

Relationships of radial growth with climate change in larch plantations of different stand ages and species

WEN Xiao-Shi¹,CHEN Bin-Hang¹,ZHANG Shu-Bin¹,XU Kai¹,YE Xin-Yu¹,NI Wei-Jie²,WANG Xiang-Ping^1,^*()

1 College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2 Institute of Forest Management, Dandong, Liaoning 118003, China

Received:2018-07-05 Accepted:2019-01-04 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-04-25
Contact: WANG Xiang-Ping ORCID:0000-0001-8158-560X
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0502104);Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0503901);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870430);the National Special Program on Basic Works for Science and Technology of China(2015FY210200-8);the National Special Water Programs(2017ZX07101002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究人工林径向生长与气候变化的关系对全球气候变暖背景下人工林合理经营有着重要的意义。该文对在辽东山区广泛栽培的黄花落叶松(Larix olgensis)和日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)人工林, 运用树木年轮气候学方法建立了辽宁草河口和湾甸子林场落叶松人工林年表, 分析了落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应以及气候条件、树种、立地条件和林分因子(林龄、密度、蓄积量等)的相对影响程度。结果发现在影响年轮-气候关系的因素中, 气象因子的潜在蒸发散(PET)的影响力最大; 林龄、密度和蓄积量同时也具有重要的影响作用。中龄落叶松人工林径向生长主要与气温呈正相关关系, 成熟落叶松人工林径向生长主要与气温呈负相关关系; 而其他因素, 如树种、立地条件等的影响作用不大。这表明在气候变暖背景下随着林龄增加, 林分会逐渐受到气温升高导致的水分亏缺的限制, 导致明显的生长下降趋势, 因而气候变暖对成熟落叶松人工林威胁更为严重, 所以要注重对成熟林的优先保护, 同时可以预测, 随着东北地区今后气候进一步变暖, 可能将逐步影响到林龄更小的林分的生长, 因此需要进一步研究如何在落叶松人工林经营中采取科学的措施来更好地应对未来气候变化。

关键词: 黄花落叶松, 日本落叶松, 人工林, 气候变化, 年轮-气候关系, 林分因子

Abstract:

Aims This study examined how climatic conditions, tree species and stand factors (i.e. stand age, stem density, and wood volume, etc.) affected the tree growth-climate relationships in larch plantations.
Methods The dendroecological method was used to determine the relative effects of climatic condition, tree species, site quality and stand factors on tree growth in larch plantations in response to climate change in Caohekou and Wandianzi of Liaoning Province, China.
Important findings The effects of potential evapotranspiration (PET) were strongest among all the variables in explaining the tree growth-climate relationships. Stand age, tree density and wood volume were also important factors influencing growth-climate relationships. Climate warming had differential effects on radial growth in plantations of different stand ages: while the growth of mid-age stands were positively correlated with temperature, the growth of mature stands had a negative response to warming, possibly due to increased susceptibility to warming-induced water stress with stand age. Tree species and site quality were weak modulators of growth- climate relationships in this study. Our finding of the negative impact of climate warming on mature larch plantations highlights the need to explore management methods in larch plantations for better adaptation to future climate change.

Key words: Larix olgensis, Larix kaempferi, plantations, climate change, growth-climate relationship, stand factors

温晓示, 陈彬杭, 张树斌, 徐凯, 叶新宇, 倪伟杰, 王襄平. 不同林龄、树种落叶松人工林径向生长与气候变化的关系. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(1): 27-36. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0155

WEN Xiao-Shi, CHEN Bin-Hang, ZHANG Shu-Bin, XU Kai, YE Xin-Yu, NI Wei-Jie, WANG Xiang-Ping. Relationships of radial growth with climate change in larch plantations of different stand ages and species. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(1): 27-36. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0155

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0155

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I1/27

图/表 9

参考文献 35

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样地编号 Plot ID	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (℃)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	树种 Tree species	林龄 Stand age	立地条件 Site quality	林分密度 Stem density (tree·hm^-2)	蓄积量 Wood volume (m3·hm^-2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)
CHK01	5.71	874.84	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	77	好 Well	570	294.56	22.72
CHK02	5.57	880.13	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	78	差 Poor	990	324.91	19.72
CHK03	5.90	867.84	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	24	中 Good	680	105.02	15.56
CHK04	5.97	865.17	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	25	差 Poor	880	122.57	15.23
CHK05	5.78	869.58	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	69	中 Good	540	442.54	26.93
CHK06	5.82	868.24	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	71	中 Good	300	373.81	33.89
CHK07	6.15	858.84	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	21	好 Well	580	108.62	17.14
CHK08	6.08	861.56	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	24	好 Well	520	107.55	18.05
CHK09	5.89	868.66	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	21	好 Well	620	157.50	18.95
CHK10	5.86	869.79	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	21	好 Well	620	111.31	17.36
WDZ01	4.19	832.08	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	49	中 Good	520	353.52	25.97
WDZ02	3.97	839.94	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	50	差 Poor	540	322.13	26.26
WDZ03	3.74	848.05	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	73	好 Well	1490	761.10	23.66
WDZ04	3.73	848.42	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	72	中 Good	1090	608.39	24.09
WDZ05	3.74	844.35	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	23	好 Well	1030	272.70	17.58
WDZ06	3.52	852.33	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	23	好 Well	960	263.49	18.67
WDZ07	3.91	838.52	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	20	差 Poor	1290	169.18	15.04

样地编号 Plot ID	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (℃)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	树种 Tree species	林龄 Stand age	立地条件 Site quality	林分密度 Stem density (tree·hm^-2)	蓄积量 Wood volume (m3·hm^-2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)
CHK01	5.71	874.84	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	77	好 Well	570	294.56	22.72
CHK02	5.57	880.13	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	78	差 Poor	990	324.91	19.72
CHK03	5.90	867.84	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	24	中 Good	680	105.02	15.56
CHK04	5.97	865.17	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	25	差 Poor	880	122.57	15.23
CHK05	5.78	869.58	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	69	中 Good	540	442.54	26.93
CHK06	5.82	868.24	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	71	中 Good	300	373.81	33.89
CHK07	6.15	858.84	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	21	好 Well	580	108.62	17.14
CHK08	6.08	861.56	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	24	好 Well	520	107.55	18.05
CHK09	5.89	868.66	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	21	好 Well	620	157.50	18.95
CHK10	5.86	869.79	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	21	好 Well	620	111.31	17.36
WDZ01	4.19	832.08	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	49	中 Good	520	353.52	25.97
WDZ02	3.97	839.94	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	50	差 Poor	540	322.13	26.26
WDZ03	3.74	848.05	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	73	好 Well	1490	761.10	23.66
WDZ04	3.73	848.42	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	72	中 Good	1090	608.39	24.09
WDZ05	3.74	844.35	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	23	好 Well	1030	272.70	17.58
WDZ06	3.52	852.33	日本落叶松 L. kaempferi	23	好 Well	960	263.49	18.67
WDZ07	3.91	838.52	黄花落叶松 L. olgensis	20	差 Poor	1290	169.18	15.04

样地 Plot	树芯/株数 Number of cores/trees	样芯长度 Length of series (a)	用于气候分析的年表长度 Chronology length for climate analysis (a)	平均敏感度 Mean sensitivity	标准偏差 Standard deviation	R1样本间平均相关系数 Mean correlations among all radii	一阶自相关系数 Autocorrelation order 1	信噪比 Signal-to- noise ratio	样本总体代表性 Express population signal	第一主成分所占方差量 PCA1 (%)
CHK01	39/23	1950-2016	1986-2016	0.170	0.217	0.340	0.610	18.064	0.948	0.411
CHK02	63/34	1950-2016	1986-2016	0.199	0.250	0.431	0.586	38.694	0.975	0.463
CHK03	43/23	1996-2016	1996-2016	0.160	0.142	0.324	-0.054	14.382	0.935	0.396
CHK04	46/23	1996-2016	1996-2016	0.165	0.151	0.395	0.244	20.857	0.954	0.432
CHK05	38/20	1956-2016	1986-2016	0.147	0.212	0.307	0.680	13.743	0.932	0.368
CHK06	49/27	1956-2016	1986-2016	0.154	0.167	0.242	0.449	13.431	0.931	0.283
CHK07	39/20	2002-2016	2002-2016	0.213	0.217	0.475	0.409	33.504	0.971	0.524
CHK08	38/20	2000-2016	2000-2016	0.151	0.145	0.285	0.142	15.149	0.938	0.354
CHK09	46/26	1989-2016	1989-2016	0.161	0.186	0.493	0.392	36.937	0.974	0.535
CHK10	40/22	1996-2016	1996-2016	0.181	0.239	0.603	0.491	51.739	0.981	0.639
WDZ01	40/22	1968-2016	1986-2016	0.200	0.199	0.414	0.267	24.718	0.961	0.464
WDZ02	41/21	1967-2016	1986-2016	0.225	0.220	0.501	0.246	36.094	0.973	0.533
WDZ03	62/36	1944-2016	1986-2016	0.204	0.211	0.313	0.349	26.460	0.964	0.347
WDZ04	44/24	1945-2016	1986-2016	0.166	0.178	0.284	0.247	11.489	0.920	0.329
WDZ05	64/34	1994-2016	1994-2016	0.143	0.150	0.278	0.273	20.824	0.954	0.332
WDZ06	42/28	1994-2016	1994-2016	0.154	0.155	0.430	0.100	26.446	0.964	0.470
WDZ07	81/43	1971-2016	1986-2016	0.253	0.278	0.247	0.448	20.714	0.954	0.308

样地 Plot	树芯/株数 Number of cores/trees	样芯长度 Length of series (a)	用于气候分析的年表长度 Chronology length for climate analysis (a)	平均敏感度 Mean sensitivity	标准偏差 Standard deviation	R1样本间平均相关系数 Mean correlations among all radii	一阶自相关系数 Autocorrelation order 1	信噪比 Signal-to- noise ratio	样本总体代表性 Express population signal	第一主成分所占方差量 PCA1 (%)
CHK01	39/23	1950-2016	1986-2016	0.170	0.217	0.340	0.610	18.064	0.948	0.411
CHK02	63/34	1950-2016	1986-2016	0.199	0.250	0.431	0.586	38.694	0.975	0.463
CHK03	43/23	1996-2016	1996-2016	0.160	0.142	0.324	-0.054	14.382	0.935	0.396
CHK04	46/23	1996-2016	1996-2016	0.165	0.151	0.395	0.244	20.857	0.954	0.432
CHK05	38/20	1956-2016	1986-2016	0.147	0.212	0.307	0.680	13.743	0.932	0.368
CHK06	49/27	1956-2016	1986-2016	0.154	0.167	0.242	0.449	13.431	0.931	0.283
CHK07	39/20	2002-2016	2002-2016	0.213	0.217	0.475	0.409	33.504	0.971	0.524
CHK08	38/20	2000-2016	2000-2016	0.151	0.145	0.285	0.142	15.149	0.938	0.354
CHK09	46/26	1989-2016	1989-2016	0.161	0.186	0.493	0.392	36.937	0.974	0.535
CHK10	40/22	1996-2016	1996-2016	0.181	0.239	0.603	0.491	51.739	0.981	0.639
WDZ01	40/22	1968-2016	1986-2016	0.200	0.199	0.414	0.267	24.718	0.961	0.464
WDZ02	41/21	1967-2016	1986-2016	0.225	0.220	0.501	0.246	36.094	0.973	0.533
WDZ03	62/36	1944-2016	1986-2016	0.204	0.211	0.313	0.349	26.460	0.964	0.347
WDZ04	44/24	1945-2016	1986-2016	0.166	0.178	0.284	0.247	11.489	0.920	0.329
WDZ05	64/34	1994-2016	1994-2016	0.143	0.150	0.278	0.273	20.824	0.954	0.332
WDZ06	42/28	1994-2016	1994-2016	0.154	0.155	0.430	0.100	26.446	0.964	0.470
WDZ07	81/43	1971-2016	1986-2016	0.253	0.278	0.247	0.448	20.714	0.954	0.308

变量 Variable	Comp. 1	Comp. 2	Comp. 3	Comp. 4
P_Sum_T	-0.253	0.361	-0.318	0.233
P_Aut_T	-0.115	0.507	-0.048	0.084
P_Win_T	-0.330	-0.035	0.426	0.005
C_Spr_T	-0.310	0.134	-0.427	0.167
C_Sum_T	-0.171	0.381	0.440	-0.555
C_Aut _T	0.146	0.427	-0.353	-0.445
P_Sum_PDSI	0.219	0.405	0.212	0.475
P_Aut_PDSI	0.291	0.261	0.363	0.356
P_Win_PDSI	0.365	0.105	-0.053	-0.133
C_Spr_PDSI	0.359	0.102	0.002	-0.183
C_Sum_PDSI	0.374	-0.066	-0.052	-0.022
C_Aut_PDSI	0.364	-0.092	-0.178	0.019

不同林龄、树种落叶松人工林径向生长与气候变化的关系

Relationships of radial growth with climate change in larch plantations of different stand ages and species

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变量 Variable	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	潜在蒸发量 Potential evapotranspiration	林龄 Stand age	林分密度 Stem density	蓄积量 Wood volume	立地条件 Site quality	树种 Tree species
PCA1	-0.522^**	-0.722^***	0.091	0.287^*	0.512^**	0.013	0.007
PCA2	-0.087	0.000	-0.660^***	0.011	-0.197	0.090	0.056

	PCA1			PCA2
	df	% SS	p	df	% SS	p
树种 Tree species	1	0.729	0.535	1	5.567	0.167
林分密度 Stem density	1	28.043	0.004^**	1	0.625	0.625
林龄 Stand age	1	8.225	0.061	1	64.605	0.000^***
蓄积量 Wood volume	1	34.052	0.002^**	1	4.956	0.190
潜在蒸发量Potential evapotranspiration	1	11.502	0.032^*	1	1.905	0.400
年降水量 Annual precipitation	1	2.555	0.260	1	0.662	0.615
立地条件 Site quality	2	1.012	0.755	2	2.356	0.631
残差 Residuals	8	13.882		8	19.323

	PCA1			PCA2
	df	% SS	p	df	% SS	p
潜在蒸发量 Potential evapotranspiration	1	72.170	0.000 2^***	1	0.003	0.973
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	1	0.884	0.496	1	21.646	0.017^*
立地条件 Site quality	2	1.122	0.733	2	13.291	0.123
树种 Tree species	1	0.591	0.576	1	10.129	0.075
林分密度 Stem density	1	0.212	0.736	1	1.219	0.498
林龄 Stand age	1	7.990	0.064	1	27.443	0.009^**
蓄积量 Wood volume	1	3.150	0.215	1	6.945	0.128
残差 Residuals	8	13.881		8	19.323

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