黄河上游甘蒙柽柳生长对极端旱涝的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0020

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 641-649.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0020

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：种群生态学

黄河上游甘蒙柽柳生长对极端旱涝的响应

方欧娅¹^,^*(), 张永², 张启¹^,³, 贾恒锋¹^,³

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室, 北京 100101
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-01-14 接受日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-09-09
通讯作者: ORCID: *方欧娅: 0000-0002-8287-9404(oyfang@ibcas.ac.cn)
作者简介:^*E-mail: oyfang@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31700412);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0301)

Growth responses of Tamarix austromongolica to extreme drought and flood in the upper Yellow River basin

FANG Ou-Ya¹^,^*(), ZHANG Yong², ZHANG Qi¹^,³, JIA Heng-Feng¹^,³

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-01-14 Accepted:2021-04-26 Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-09-09
Contact: FANG Ou-Ya
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700412);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program, China(2019QZKK0301)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原黄河上游河岸带是典型的生态脆弱区, 然而近年来气候变暖加剧了该地极端旱涝事件的频繁发生, 高原河岸带生态脆弱区植被是否能够应对极端旱涝事件的干扰成为流域生态环境管理工作所关注的重点问题。为了研究黄河上游河岸林中主要树种对极端旱涝的响应, 该研究选取青海省同德县和兴海县3处河岸林中的47株甘蒙柽柳(Tamarix austromongolica), 分别从树干面向邻近山体一侧及与之垂直的一侧分别获取1根树轮样本, 分析其历史生长。通过对比两个方向上的生长速率判断甘蒙柽柳是否受到地质灾害影响从而将其划分为受伤组和对照组, 分析两组甘蒙柽柳在过去63年中径流极值年的抵抗力状况及两个方向的生长差异。研究发现, 甘蒙柽柳对干旱和洪涝均有着很强的抵抗力, 河岸带多样化的水分来源有助于甘蒙柽柳在极端干旱环境中较好地生长; 但洪涝伴随泥石流等地质灾害的频发使甘蒙柽柳面向山体侧面受到严重的生长抑制, 表现出显著的方向性差异, 从而影响甘蒙柽柳的形态。较长的创伤恢复期带来的遗留效应可能造成甘蒙柽柳对外界干扰的较高敏感性。研究黄河上游甘蒙柽柳生长对极端旱涝的响应, 将有助于评估生态脆弱区生态弹性过程, 同时为高原河岸带生态建设和恢复提供科学依据。

关键词: 生态弹性, 抵抗力, 生态脆弱区, 干旱, 洪涝, 气候变化, 甘蒙柽柳

Abstract:

Aims The riparian forests in the upper reaches of the Yellow River are typically fragile ecologically. However, the frequent extreme hydrological events induced by climate warming may pose increasing threats to ecological stability and security of this fragile ecosystem type. The ecological resilience and adaptation of riparian forests to extreme hydrological events are of key considerations in eco-environmental management of river basins. This paper aims to determine how Tamarix austromongolica, a major tree species in riparian forests of the upper Yellow River basin, responds to extreme drought and flood and explain the resistance and morphology of these riparian plants against environmental stresses.

Methods We selected 47 Tamarix austromongolica trees from three sampling sites along the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Two mutually perpendicular cores were taken from the trunk of the each sampling tree for estimation of the past annual growth, one from the direction facing the slope and the other along the contour of the nearby mountain. We compared the tree-ring growth between cores from the two sides and grouped them according to whether the growth was strongly affected by geohazards. We analyzed the resistance of the two groups to extreme hydrological events during the past 63 years. The statistical growth difference between two sampling directions from each group was performed by using paired test.

Important findings Tamarix austromongolica trees were found to be very resistant to extreme drought events. The diverse sources of water in riparian zones attributed to their stable growth, which helps enhance their tolerance to hydrological drought events. But the trees injured by geohazards appeared to be more severely affected by droughts. The legacy effect in trauma-associated recovery might initiate high sensitivity to interferences. Moreover, T. austromongolica trees are adapted to a wide range of water conditions and their growth did not appear to be substantially affected by flooding. Well-watered condition along with fully hydrated shoots could promote the growth and counteract the potentially negative effects of submergence in T. austromongolica. However, flood induced geohazards, such as mudslides, could have significantly different impacts on growth in different directions, such that the side facing the nearby mountain slope suffered more growth suppression. These processes could lead to modification of morphology. Studying the growth response of T. austromongolica to extreme drought and flood on the upper reaches of the Yellow River will help assess the ecological resilience of ecologically fragile areas and provide a scientific basis for ecological construction and restoration in riparian zones on the Qingzang Plateau.

Key words: ecological resilience, resistance, ecological fragile region, drought, flood, climate change, Tamarix austromongolica

方欧娅, 张永, 张启, 贾恒锋. 黄河上游甘蒙柽柳生长对极端旱涝的响应. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(6): 641-649. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0020

FANG Ou-Ya, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Qi, JIA Heng-Feng. Growth responses of Tamarix austromongolica to extreme drought and flood in the upper Yellow River basin. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(6): 641-649. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0020

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0020

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I6/641

图/表 6

图1 甘蒙柽柳研究区地理位置(A)、采样方向说明(B)以及同德县然果村采样点实景图(C)。BD, 班多村; LQ, 上鹿圈村; RG, 然果村。

Fig. 1 Geographic location of the tamarisk (Tamarix austromongolica) research sites (A), explanation on sampling directions (B) and the real scenery of the sampling site at Ranguo village, Tongde County (C). BD, Banduo village; LQ, Shanglujuan village; RG, Ranguo village.

图2 1956-2018年唐乃亥水文站年实测总径流量及1956-2007年5-9月实测径流量。▲, 干旱年; ▼, 洪涝年。

Fig. 2 The measured annual total runoff from 1956 to 2018 and May-to-September runoff from 1956 to 2007 at the Tangnag Hydrological Station. ▲, drought year; ▼, flood year.

图3 黄河上游两组甘蒙柽柳在不同方向上对极端干旱(A)及洪涝(B)事件的抵抗力指数统计。

Fig. 3 Statistics of the resistance indices for two groups of Tamarix austromongolica in the upper Yellow River basin in different directions to extreme drought (A) and flood (B) events.

表1 黄河上游甘蒙柽柳在极端旱涝事件中A、B方向抵抗力指数差异检验

Table 1 Tests of differences in the resistance indices of Tamarix austromongolica in A and B directions to drought and flood events

事件 Event	组别 Group	配对t检验 Paired t-test			配对秩和检验 Wilcoxon signed rank test
事件 Event	组别 Group	t	df	p	V	p
干旱 Drought	受伤组 Injured group	0.824	19	0.420	132	0.330
干旱 Drought	对照组 Comparative group	1.526	25	0.139 (双侧) (two-sides) 0.069^* (单侧) (single-side)	238	0.116 (双侧) (two-sides) 0.058^* (单侧) (single-side)
洪涝 Flood	受伤组 Injured group	-2.204	18	0.041^ (双侧) (two-sides) 0.020^ (单侧) (single-side)	48	0.060^(双侧) (two-sides) 0.030^* (单侧) (single-side)
洪涝 Flood	对照组 Comparative group	-	-	-	157	0.895

图4 极端洪涝年两组甘蒙柽柳A、B方向抵抗力差值分布统计。

Fig. 4 Statistics distributions on of resistance differences between A and B directions in two groups of Tamarix austromongolica in extreme flood events.

表2 RG、BD和LQ样点甘蒙柽柳抵抗力平均值比较

Table 2 Comparison of the mean resistance indices of Tamarix austromongolica at the RG, BD and LQ sites

采样点 Sampling site	组别(株数) Group (Number of plants)	干旱 Drought		洪涝 Flood
采样点 Sampling site	组别(株数) Group (Number of plants)	A方向 Direction A	B方向 Direction B	A方向 Direction A	B方向 Direction B
RG	受伤组 Injured group (8)	0.99	0.97	0.99	1.08
RG	对照组 Comparative group (9)	1.05	1.03	1.03	1.02
BD	受伤组 Injured group (7)	0.94	0.91	1.04	1.09
BD	对照组 Comparative group (13)	0.96	0.92	1.02	1.02
LQ	受伤组 Injured group (5)	0.87	0.85	1.00	1.15
LQ	对照组 Comparative group (4)	0.89	0.88	1.23	1.48

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黄河上游甘蒙柽柳生长对极端旱涝的响应

Growth responses of Tamarix austromongolica to extreme drought and flood in the upper Yellow River basin

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