不同沼泽湿地芦苇地上-地下性状对水分变化的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0240

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1448-1460.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0240 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0240

不同沼泽湿地芦苇地上-地下性状对水分变化的响应

贾紫璇¹^,^*, 方涛²^,^*, 张舒欣², 刘一凡², 赵微², 王荣³, 昌海超², 朱耀军⁴^,⁵, 罗芳丽²^,⁶^,^**(), 郭允倩¹^,^**(), 于飞海⁷^,⁸

¹北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院, 北京 100083
²北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083
³北京力科惠泽科技有限公司, 北京 100085
⁴中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所(湿地研究所), 北京 100091
⁵广东湛江红树林湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 广东湛江 524448
⁶黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083
⁷台州学院湿地与克隆生态学研究所, 浙江台州 318000
⁸台州学院浙江省植物进化生态学与保护重点实验室, 浙江台州 318000

收稿日期:2024-07-22 接受日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-03-21
通讯作者: ^**罗芳丽 (ecoluofangli@bjfu.edu.cn);
郭允倩 (guoyunqian@bjfu.edu.cn)
作者简介:第一联系人：
*同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32371584);国家自然科学基金(32071525);科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100600);广东省林业局科技项目(2023KYXM09)

Responses of aboveground-belowground traits of Phragmites australis in different marsh wetlands to changes in soil moisture

JIA Zi-Xuan¹^,^*, FANG Tao²^,^*, ZHANG Shu-Xin², LIU Yi-Fan², ZHAO Wei², WANG Rong³, CHANG Hai-Chao², ZHU Yao-Jun⁴^,⁵, LUO Fang-Li²^,⁶^,^**(), GUO Yun-Qian¹^,^**(), YU Fei-Hai⁷^,⁸

¹School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
³Beijing Eco-mind Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
⁴Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Research Institute of Wetland, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
⁵Zhanjiang National Research Station for Mangrove Wetland Ecosystem, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524448, China
⁶Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
⁷Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
⁸Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China

Received:2024-07-22 Accepted:2025-03-21 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-03-21
About author:First author contact:
*Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371584);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071525);Special Investigation of Basic Resources of Science and Technology(2019FY100600);Science and Technology Program from Forestry Administration of Guangdong Province(2023KYXM09)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 芦苇(Phragmites australis)作为典型的根茎型多年生湿地植物, 是沼泽湿地生态系统的重要组成部分。然而, 随着全球气候变化以及湿地逐渐干旱化, 芦苇的生长常常受到水分的限制。研究芦苇对水分变化的响应可为芦苇群落的保护和动态预测以及湿地植物异质生境下响应机制的研究提供理论依据。该研究以北方3个典型沼泽湿地——岱海湿地、科尔沁湿地、青铜峡水库的芦苇群落为对象, 分析了土壤水分和其他环境因子对芦苇地上性状、地下性状及地上-地下性状关系的影响。结果表明: 相对于低土壤水分含量, 高土壤水分含量显著增加芦苇地上部分的生物量和比叶面积, 显著降低芦苇根冠比; 高土壤水分含量显著降低了芦苇的叶非结构性碳水化合物含量、茎的氮磷含量。高土壤水分含量显著增加了芦苇的根生物量、根表面积和根体积, 显著降低了芦苇的根直径。土壤水分不影响根生物量与茎非结构性碳水化合物含量的正相关关系, 但土壤水分含量的降低会逆转高土壤水分含量下根直径与叶氮含量的负相关关系, 以及与叶非结构性碳水化合物含量、茎非结构性碳水化合物含量的正相关关系。高土壤水分含量下芦苇性状主要受土壤总氮、总磷含量的影响; 低土壤水分含量下芦苇性状主要受温度和降水影响, 表明土壤水分可能通过间接影响土壤总氮、总磷含量和温度, 改变部分地上-地下性状的相关关系。综上, 高土壤水分含量有利于芦苇地上部分和根系生长, 但降低芦苇茎氮磷含量和叶非结构性碳水化合物含量。土壤水分可通过影响土壤氮磷含量和温度, 间接影响芦苇的地上和地下性状及其关系。

关键词: 沼泽湿地, 湿地植物, 土壤水分, 植物性状, 地上-地下性状关系

Abstract:

Aims Phragmites australis, a typical perennial rhizomatic wetland plant, is an important species in marsh wetland ecosystems. However, with the global climate change and the gradual drying of wetlands, the growth of P. australis is often limited by soil moisture. Understanding the response of P. australis to changes in soil moisture can provide a theoretical basis for the protection and dynamic prediction of its community, as well as for research on the response mechanisms of wetland plants in heterogeneous habitats.
Methods In this study, P. australis communities in three typical marsh wetlands in northern China, i.e., Daihai Wetland, Horqin Wetland and Qingtongxia Reservoir, were studied, and the effects of low and high soil moisture, and other environmental factors on the aboveground traits, belowground traits and their relationships of P. australis were analyzed.
Important findings Compared with low soil moisture, high soil moisture significantly increased the aboveground biomass and specific leaf area, and significantly reduced the root to shoot ratio of P. australis. High soil moisture significantly reduced the contents of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, and nitrogen and phosphorus in stems. High soil moisture significantly increased the root biomass, root surface area and root volume, and significantly decreased the root diameter of P. australis. Soil moisture did not affect the positive correlation between root biomass and stem non-structural carbohydrates content. However, the decrease of soil moisture reversed the negative correlation between root diameter and leaf nitrogen content under high soil moisture, as well as the positive correlations between root diameter and leaf non-structural carbohydrates content, and between root diameter and stem non-structural carbohydrates content. In high soil moisture areas, total soil nitrogen and total soil phosphorus were important factors that affected the aboveground and belowground traits of P. australis; in low soil moisture areas, temperature and precipitation were also important factors. Our results indicate that soil moisture may indirectly affect total soil nitrogen and total soil phosphorus and temperature to change the correlations between some aboveground and belowground traits. In summary, high soil moisture was beneficial to the growth of aerial parts and roots of P. australis, but it reduced the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in stems and the content of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves. soil moisture influences the aboveground and belowground traits and their relationships in P. australis, by indirectly affecting soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents, as well as temperature.

Key words: marsh wetland, wetland plant, soil moisture, plant trait, aboveground-belowground traits relationship

贾紫璇, 方涛, 张舒欣, 刘一凡, 赵微, 王荣, 昌海超, 朱耀军, 罗芳丽, 郭允倩, 于飞海. 不同沼泽湿地芦苇地上-地下性状对水分变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(9): 1448-1460. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0240

JIA Zi-Xuan, FANG Tao, ZHANG Shu-Xin, LIU Yi-Fan, ZHAO Wei, WANG Rong, CHANG Hai-Chao, ZHU Yao-Jun, LUO Fang-Li, GUO Yun-Qian, YU Fei-Hai. Responses of aboveground-belowground traits of Phragmites australis in different marsh wetlands to changes in soil moisture. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(9): 1448-1460. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0240

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0240

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I9/1448

图/表 9

表1 各湿地平均高低土壤水分含量(n = 30)

Table 1 Average moisture content of low and high soil in each wetland (n = 30)

湿地 Wetland	高土壤水分含量 High soil moisture (%)	低土壤水分含量 Low soil moisture (%)
岱海 Daihai	56.76	30.86
科尔沁 Horqin	54.48	24.52
青铜峡 Qingtongxia	56.18	29.34

表2 不同沼泽湿地高低土壤水分含量下芦苇地上性状和地下性状方差分析结果(n = 90)

Table 2 Results of variance analyses of aboveground and belowground traits of P. australis under low and high soil moisture in different marsh wetlands (n = 90)

性状 Trait	湿地 Wetland		水分 Moisture		湿地×水分 Wetland × moisture
性状 Trait	F	p	F	p	F	p
叶生物量 Leaf biomass	6.29	0.006	5.57	0.027	4.04	0.031
茎生物量 Stem biomass	6.47	0.006	31.19	<0.001	2.57	0.097
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	7.33	0.003	25.04	<0.001	4.10	0.029
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	28.04	<0.001	8.41	0.008	6.76	0.005
根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	1.68	0.208	1.34	0.258	2.64	0.092
叶氮含量 Leaf N content	8.17	0.002	2.77	0.109	28.22	<0.001
叶磷含量 Leaf P content	7.94	0.002	1.75	0.198	15.08	<0.001
叶非结构性碳水化合物含量 Leaf NSC content	7.67	0.003	139.16	<0.001	36.44	<0.001
茎氮含量 Stem N content	2.23	0.129	7.54	0.011	8.56	0.002
茎磷含量 Stem P content	5.68	0.010	4.79	0.039	2.85	0.077
茎非结构性碳水化合物含量 Stem NSC content	10.90	<0.001	1.89	0.181	33.31	<0.001
根表面积 Root surface area	1.32	0.275	39.91	<0.001	1.79	0.176
根体积 Root volume	5.99	0.004	30.64	<0.001	2.84	0.067
根直径 Root diameter	14.94	<0.001	5.11	0.028	1.65	0.202
根生物量 Root biomass	3.68	0.032	36.26	<0.001	4.48	0.016

图1 不同湿地高低土壤水分含量下芦苇的叶生物量、茎生物量、地上生物量、比叶面积、根冠比(平均值±标准误)。不同大写字母表示不同湿地间差异显著(p < 0.05); *表示高低土壤水分含量间差异显著(p < 0.05), ns表示高低土壤水分含量间差异不显著(p > 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Leaf biomass, stem biomass, aboveground biomass, specific leaf area and root to shoot ratio of Phragmites australis under low and high soil moisture conditions in different marsh wetlands (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different wetlands (p < 0.05); * indicates significant differences between low and high soil moisture conditions (p < 0.05), ns indicates no significant differences between low and high soil moisture conditions (p > 0.05).

图2 不同湿地高低土壤水分含量下芦苇叶和茎中氮(N)、磷(P)以及非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量(平均值±标准误)。不同大写字母表示不同湿地间差异显著(p < 0.05); *表示高低土壤水分含量间差异显著(p < 0.05), ns表示高低土壤水分含量间差异不显著(p > 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) contents of Phragmites australis leaves and stems under low and high soil moisture conditions in different marsh wetlands (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different wetlands (p < 0.05); * indicates significant differences between low and high soil moisture conditions (p < 0.05), ns indicates no significant differences between low and high soil moisture conditions (p > 0.05).

图3 不同湿地高低土壤水分含量下芦苇根系的直径、表面积、体积和生物量(平均值±标准误)。不同大写字母表示不同湿地间差异显著(p < 0.05); *表示高低土壤水分含量间差异显著(p < 0.05), ns表示高低土壤水分含量间差异不显著(p > 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Root diameter, surface area, volume and biomass of Phragmites australis under low and high soil moisture conditions in different marsh wetlands (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different wetlands (p < 0.05); * indicates significant differences between low and high soil moisture conditions (p < 0.05), ns indicates no significant differences between low and high soil moisture conditions (p > 0.05).

图4 高土壤水分含量(A)和低土壤水分含量(B)下环境因子与芦苇地上和地下性状的冗余分析(RDA)。EC, 电导率; LB, 叶生物量; LN, 叶氮含量; LNSC, 叶非结构性碳水化合物含量; LP, 叶磷含量; LTOC, 叶总有机碳含量; MAT, 年平均气温; P, 降水量; pH, 土壤pH; RB, 根生物量; RD, 根直径; RSA, 根表面积; RSR, 根冠比; RV, 根体积; RZB, 根状茎生物量; SB, 茎生物量; SLA, 比叶面积; SN, 茎氮含量; SNSC, 茎非结构性碳水化合物含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; SP, 茎磷含量; STN, 土壤总氮含量; STOC, 茎总有机碳含量; STP, 土壤总磷含量。

Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of environmental factors and aboveground traits and belowground traits of Phragmites australis under high (A) and low (B) soil moisture conditions. EC, electrical conductivity; LB, leaf biomass; LN, leaf nitrogen content; LNSC, leaf non-structural carbohydrates content; LP, leaf phosphorous content; LTOC, total organic carbon content of leaves; MAT, mean annual air temperature; P, precipitation; pH, soil pH; RB, root biomass; RD, root diameter; RSA, root surface area; RSR, root to shoot ratio; RV, root volume; RZB, rhizome biomass; SB, stem biomass; SLA, specific leaf area; SN, stem nitrogen content; SNSC, stem non-structural carbohydrates content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; SP, stem phosphorous content; STN, soil total nitrogen content; STOC, total organic carbon content of stems; STP, soil total phosphorus content.

表3 高低土壤水分含量下环境因子对3个湿地芦苇地上性状和地下性状的解释率及蒙特卡洛检验结果

Table 3 Interpretation rate of environmental factors to aboveground traits and belowground traits of Phragmites australis in three wetlands under low and high soil moisture conditions and Mote Carlo test results

水分 Moisture	环境因子 Environmental factor	解释变异量 Explain the amount of variation	贡献率 Contribution (%)	伪F统计量 Pseudo F statistic	p
高土壤水分含量 High soil moisture	STN	35.9	48.1	7.3	0.002
	STP	9.8	13.1	2.2	0.024
	MAT	6.3	8.5	1.5	0.164
	P	6.8	9.1	1.6	0.124
	EC	7.4	9.9	2.0	0.056
	pH	4.2	5.7	1.1	0.322
	SOC	4.2	5.7	1.2	0.344
低土壤水分含量 Low soil moisture	MAT	24.7	34.8	4.3	0.002
	P	12.7	17.9	2.4	0.008
	pH	7.5	10.6	1.5	0.134
	STN	7.5	10.6	1.6	0.140
	STP	8.6	12.1	2.0	0.068
	EC	5.3	7.5	1.3	0.296
	SOC	4.6	6.5	1.1	0.384

图5 高土壤水分含量(A)和低土壤水分含量下(B)芦苇地上性状与地下性状的相关关系。LB, 叶生物量; LN, 叶氮含量; LNSC, 叶非结构性碳水化合物含量; LP, 叶磷含量; LTOC, 叶总有机碳含量; RB, 根生物量; RD, 根直径; RSA, 根表面积; RSR, 根冠比; RV, 根体积; RZB, 根状茎生物量; SB, 茎生物量; SLA, 比叶面积; SN, 茎氮含量; SNSC, 茎非结构性碳水化合物含量; SP, 茎磷含量; STOC, 茎总有机碳含量。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 5 Pearsonʼs correlations between aboveground traits and belowground traits of Phragmites australis under high (A) and low (B) soil moisture conditions. LB, leaf biomass; LN, leaf nitrogen content; LNSC, leaf non-structural carbohydrates content; LP, leaf phosphorous content; LTOC, total organic carbon content of leaves; RB, root biomass; RD, root diameter; RSA, root surface area; RSR, root to shoot ratio; RV, root volume; RZB, rhizome biomass; SB, stem biomass; SLA, specific leaf area; SN, stem nitrogen content; SNSC, stem non-structural carbohydrates content; SP, stem phosphorous content; STOC, total organic carbon content of stems.*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

附录 3个北方沼泽湿地的环境指标(平均值±标准差)

Supplement I Environmental factors of three northern marsh wetlands (mean ± SD)

湿地 Wetland	气温 Air temperature (℃)	降水 Precipitation (mm)	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤电导率 Soil EC (dS·m^-1)	土壤有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg^-1)	土壤总氮含量 Soil TN content (g·kg^-1)	土壤总磷含量 Soil TP content (g·kg^-1)
岱海 Daihai	7.30	539.32	8.50 ± 0.03	2.65 ± 0.30	4.29 ± 0.65	1.16 ± 0.15	0.44 ± 0.02
科尔沁 Horqin	7.90	383.00	8.85 ± 0.09	1.51 ± 0.16	10.79 ± 0.44	0.40 ± 0.05	0.13 ± 0.01
青铜峡 Qingtongxia	9.20	175.90	8.58 ± 0.03	9.97 ± 1.42	5.33 ± 0.61	0.54 ± 0.03	0.28 ± 0.02

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不同沼泽湿地芦苇地上-地下性状对水分变化的响应

Responses of aboveground-belowground traits of Phragmites australis in different marsh wetlands to changes in soil moisture

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