植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 150-159.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0457
韦鑫1,2, 江蓝1,2, 郑晨成1,2, 朱静1,2, 陈博1,2, 李文周3, 赖淑瑜4, 刘金福1,2, 何中声1,2,*(
)
收稿日期:2024-12-16
接受日期:2025-02-26
出版日期:2026-01-20
发布日期:2026-02-13
通讯作者:
*何中声 (jxhzs85@fafu.edu.cn)基金资助:
WEI Xin1,2, JIANG Lan1,2, ZHENG Chen-Cheng1,2, ZHU Jing1,2, CHEN Bo1,2, LI Wen-Zhou3, LAI Shu-Yu4, LIU Jin-Fu1,2, HE Zhong-Sheng1,2,*(
)
Received:2024-12-16
Accepted:2025-02-26
Online:2026-01-20
Published:2026-02-13
Contact:
*HE Zhong-Sheng (jxhzs85@fafu.edu.cn)Supported by:摘要:
植物性系统是影响植物交配、遗传、进化与物种分布的重要繁殖器官, 根据花器官雌蕊与雄蕊分布位置的不同, 可将性系统分为两性花、雌雄异株与雌雄同株。该研究以戴云山南坡不同海拔(900-1 600 m)森林群落为研究对象, 分析木本植物性系统数量特征随海拔梯度的变化, 采用Mantel相关性分析探讨性系统与环境因子之间的相关关系。结果表明: 1)样地内共有木本植物85种, 其中两性花植物47种(55.3%), 雌雄异株植物29种(34.1%), 雌雄同株植物9种(10.6%)。2)随着海拔升高, 雌雄异株植株数和物种比例呈现“单峰”模式, 雌雄同株植株数先下降后上升, 雌雄同株物种比例显著下降, 两性花的植株数和物种比例无明显变化。3)随海拔升高, 性系统Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数总体下降, Simpson优势度指数无明显变化。4)土壤有效磷含量与土壤温度是驱动木本植物性系统数量特征随海拔梯度变化的最重要因子。综上, 戴云山南坡木本植物性系统数量特征沿海拔梯度存在显著差异, 性系统的海拔分布对环境变化高度敏感, 表明植物通过调节性系统组成适应环境变化, 从而确保种群持续生存和繁衍。
韦鑫, 江蓝, 郑晨成, 朱静, 陈博, 李文周, 赖淑瑜, 刘金福, 何中声. 戴云山南坡海拔梯度上木本植物性系统分布特征及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 150-159. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0457
WEI Xin, JIANG Lan, ZHENG Chen-Cheng, ZHU Jing, CHEN Bo, LI Wen-Zhou, LAI Shu-Yu, LIU Jin-Fu, HE Zhong-Sheng. Distribution and influencing factors of woody plant sexual systems along elevational gradient on the south slope of Daiyun Mountain. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(1): 150-159. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0457
| 性系统 Sexual system | 植株数 No. of individuals | 比例 Proportion (%) | 物种数 No. of species | 比例 Proportion (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 两性花 Hermaphroditism | 2 599 | 44.3 | 47 | 55.3 |
| 雌雄异株 Dioecy | 1 619 | 27.6 | 29 | 34.1 |
| 雌雄同株 Monoecy | 1 652 | 28.1 | 9 | 10.6 |
| 总计 Total | 5 870 | 100.0 | 85 | 100.0 |
表1 戴云山南坡木本植物性系统的植株数、物种数及其比例
Table 1 Number of individuals, species, and their proportions of woody plant sexual systems on the south slope of Daiyun Mountain
| 性系统 Sexual system | 植株数 No. of individuals | 比例 Proportion (%) | 物种数 No. of species | 比例 Proportion (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 两性花 Hermaphroditism | 2 599 | 44.3 | 47 | 55.3 |
| 雌雄异株 Dioecy | 1 619 | 27.6 | 29 | 34.1 |
| 雌雄同株 Monoecy | 1 652 | 28.1 | 9 | 10.6 |
| 总计 Total | 5 870 | 100.0 | 85 | 100.0 |
图1 戴云山南坡木本植物性系统数量特征的差异性分析。ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05。
Fig. 1 Quantitative characteristics analysis of woody plant sexual systems on the south slope of Daiyun Mountain. ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05.
| 森林群落 Plant community | 物种数 No. of species | 不同性系统物种比例 Proportion of different sexual systems of total number of species (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 两性花 Hermaphroditism | 雌雄异株 Dioecy | 雌雄同株 Monoecy | ||
| 委内瑞拉巴尔加斯州热带森林 Tropical forest of Vargas State, Venezuela (Ramírez, | 144 | 72.9 | 4.2 | 22.9 |
| 澳大利亚热带雨林 Tropical rainforest of Australia (Gross, | 1 100 | 60.5 | 17.0 | 22.5 |
| 中国云南西双版纳热带雨林 Tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Chen & Li, | 685 | 60.6 | 25.1 | 14.3 |
| 中国海南尖峰岭热带雨林 Tropical rainforest in Jianfengling, Hainan, China (Wang et al., | 290 | 60.0 | 21.5 | 17.7 |
| 中国云南哀牢山亚热带森林 Subtropical Forest of Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, China (Chen & Li, | 703 | 60.2 | 24.0 | 15.8 |
| 中国河南白云山温带森林 Temperate Forest of Baiyun Mountain, Henan, China (Zhang et al., | 93 | 58.1 | 20.4 | 21.5 |
| 中国吉林长白山温度森林 Temperate Forest of Changbai Mountain, Jilin, China (Wang et al., | 206 | 51.9 | 18.5 | 29.6 |
| 中国福建戴云山亚热带森林 Subtropical Forest of Daiyun Mountain, Fujian, China | 85 | 55.3 | 34.1 | 10.6 |
表2 国内外不同森林群落植物性系统比较
Table 2 Comparison of plant sexual systems in different forest communities in China and abroad
| 森林群落 Plant community | 物种数 No. of species | 不同性系统物种比例 Proportion of different sexual systems of total number of species (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 两性花 Hermaphroditism | 雌雄异株 Dioecy | 雌雄同株 Monoecy | ||
| 委内瑞拉巴尔加斯州热带森林 Tropical forest of Vargas State, Venezuela (Ramírez, | 144 | 72.9 | 4.2 | 22.9 |
| 澳大利亚热带雨林 Tropical rainforest of Australia (Gross, | 1 100 | 60.5 | 17.0 | 22.5 |
| 中国云南西双版纳热带雨林 Tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Chen & Li, | 685 | 60.6 | 25.1 | 14.3 |
| 中国海南尖峰岭热带雨林 Tropical rainforest in Jianfengling, Hainan, China (Wang et al., | 290 | 60.0 | 21.5 | 17.7 |
| 中国云南哀牢山亚热带森林 Subtropical Forest of Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, China (Chen & Li, | 703 | 60.2 | 24.0 | 15.8 |
| 中国河南白云山温带森林 Temperate Forest of Baiyun Mountain, Henan, China (Zhang et al., | 93 | 58.1 | 20.4 | 21.5 |
| 中国吉林长白山温度森林 Temperate Forest of Changbai Mountain, Jilin, China (Wang et al., | 206 | 51.9 | 18.5 | 29.6 |
| 中国福建戴云山亚热带森林 Subtropical Forest of Daiyun Mountain, Fujian, China | 85 | 55.3 | 34.1 | 10.6 |
| 性系统 Sexual system | 物种 Species | 相对多度 Relative abundance | 相对显著度 Relative prominence | 相对频度 Relative frequency | 重要值 Importance value | 海拔 Elevation (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 两性花 Hermaphroditism | 丁香杜鹃 Rhododendron farrerae | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 5.94 | 900-1 000, 1 200-1 600 |
| 杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 4.61 | 1 000, 1 300-1 600 | |
| 大萼杨桐 Adinandra glischroloma var. macrosepala | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 3.86 | 1 000-1 600 | |
| 红楠 Machilus thunbergii | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 3.44 | 1 100-1 600 | |
| 杨桐 Adinandra millettii | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 2.95 | 900-1 600 | |
| 雌雄异株 Dioecy | 窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 6.62 | 1 200-1 600 |
| 岩柃 Eurya saxicola | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 2.82 | 1 300-1 600 | |
| 雌雄同株 Monoecy | 黄山松 Pinus hwangshanensi | 0.09 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 15.74 | 1 300-1 600 |
| 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 10.39 | 900-1 200 | |
| 青冈 Quercus glauca | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 7.08 | 900-1 400 | |
| 马尾松 Pinus massoniana | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 2.94 | 900-1 100, 1 500 |
表3 戴云山南坡木本植物性系统重要值≥2.0的物种。
Table 3 Species of woody plants with importance values ≥ 2.0 on the south slope of Daiyun Mountain
| 性系统 Sexual system | 物种 Species | 相对多度 Relative abundance | 相对显著度 Relative prominence | 相对频度 Relative frequency | 重要值 Importance value | 海拔 Elevation (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 两性花 Hermaphroditism | 丁香杜鹃 Rhododendron farrerae | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 5.94 | 900-1 000, 1 200-1 600 |
| 杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 4.61 | 1 000, 1 300-1 600 | |
| 大萼杨桐 Adinandra glischroloma var. macrosepala | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 3.86 | 1 000-1 600 | |
| 红楠 Machilus thunbergii | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 3.44 | 1 100-1 600 | |
| 杨桐 Adinandra millettii | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 2.95 | 900-1 600 | |
| 雌雄异株 Dioecy | 窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 6.62 | 1 200-1 600 |
| 岩柃 Eurya saxicola | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 2.82 | 1 300-1 600 | |
| 雌雄同株 Monoecy | 黄山松 Pinus hwangshanensi | 0.09 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 15.74 | 1 300-1 600 |
| 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 10.39 | 900-1 200 | |
| 青冈 Quercus glauca | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 7.08 | 900-1 400 | |
| 马尾松 Pinus massoniana | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 2.94 | 900-1 100, 1 500 |
图2 戴云山南坡木本植物性系统植株数和物种数及其比率沿海拔梯度的变化(平均值±标准差)。
Fig. 2 Number and proportion of individual and species of woody plant sexual systems along the elevational gradient on the south slope of Daiyun Mountain (mean ± SD).
图3 戴云山南坡木本植物物种性系统多样性指数的海拔变化(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示性系统多样性指数在不同海拔间的显著差异性(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 3 Elevational variation of woody plant species diversity indices on the south slope of Daiyun Mountain (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different elevations (p < 0.05).
图4 植物性系统的多度与环境因子的Mantel相关性热图。AP, 有效磷含量; C, 土壤全碳含量; HN, 水解氮含量; K, 土壤全钾含量; P, 土壤全磷含量; SLOP, 坡度; SPO, 坡位; ST, 土壤温度; SWC, 土壤含水量。线的宽窄代表r的统计量, 橙色、绿色与灰色的线分别代表p < 0.01、p < 0.05与p ≥ 0.05。
Fig. 4 Mantel correlation between plant sexual systems abundance and environmental factors. AP, available phosphorus content; C, soil total carbon content; HN, hydrolyzed nitrogen content; K, soil total potassium content; P, soil total phosphorus; SLOP, slope; SPO, slope location; ST, soil temperature; SWC, soil water content. The thickness of the lines represents the statistical magnitude of r. The orange, green, and gray lines represent p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p ≥ 0.05, respectively.
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