泥炭沼泽湿地植物残体分解及微生物作用机理研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泥炭沼泽湿地植物残体分解是生态系统碳循环的关键过程, 其分解速率和潜在机制对湿地生物地球化学循环具有重要影响。植物残体分解是多种因素相互作用的复杂过程, 越来越多的研究关注生物与非生物因素对泥炭沼泽湿地植物残体分解的影响。微生物作为土壤有机质的主要分解者, 在植物残体分解过程中发挥重要作用, 通过功能基因编码关键酶影响有机质分解, 泥炭藓(Sphagnum)代谢产物能够与微生物共同影响泥炭沼泽湿地植物残体分解过程。“酶锁”机制是理解土壤有机质分解的重要学说, 但是目前的研究表明“酶锁”机制有其适用的条件与框架。除此之外, 植物残体质量、植物群落组成、土壤动物等生物因素, 温度、水分、光照等非生物因素对植物残体分解与微生物群落结构有显著影响, 直接或间接作用于植物残体分解过程, 但是当前研究多聚焦于单一因素的独立作用, 缺乏对生物与非生物因素双向反馈机制的深入解析。该文系统阐述了泥炭沼泽湿地植物残体分解过程、微生物及土壤酶在其中的作用机制、其他生物与非生物因素的共同作用对泥炭沼泽湿地植物残体分解及微生物群落组成的调控机制, 以期为揭示泥炭沼泽湿地碳循环提供理论依据。未来需进一步综合宏基因组学、宏代谢组学、同位素示踪等新技术联系地上和地下部分系统, 探究植物、微生物、土壤环境三者之间的关系, 以更好地理解和保护泥炭沼泽湿地生态系统。

关键词: 泥炭沼泽湿地, 植物残体分解, 碳循环, 微生物, 功能基因, 土壤酶

Abstract:

The decomposition of plant litter in peatland is a key process in the ecosystem carbon cycle. The rate of litter decomposition and its underlying mechanisms significantly influence the biogeochemical cycling of peatland ecosystems. Litter decomposition is a complex process governed by the interactions of multiple factors, and increasing research efforts have focused on the effects of both biotic and abiotic factors on this process. Microorganisms, as the primary decomposers of soil organic matter, play an important role in plant litter decomposition by encoding key enzymes that drive organic matter breakdown. In peatland ecosystems, Sphagnum metabolites interact synergistically with microbial communities to jointly regulate the decomposition of plant litter. The “enzymatic latch” hypothesis has been widely used to explain the preservation and decomposition of soil organic matter. However, its applicability and underlying mechanisms remain highly debated in current research. In addition to microbial processes, a variety of biotic factors, including litter quality, plant community composition, and soil fauna, along with abiotic factors such as temperature, moisture, and light, exert significant effects on litter decomposition, either directly or indirectly. Most recent research tend to isolate single factors, while overlooking the combined influence of multiple interacting drivers. This review synthesizes the decomposition processes of plant litter in peatland ecosystems, clarifies the functional roles of microbes and soil enzymes, and explores how both biotic and abiotic factors, individually and interactively, regulate microbial communities and decomposition dynamics. These insights aim to provide a better understanding of peatland carbon cycling and conservation, ultimately contribute to climate change mitigation. Future research should further integrate novel technologies such as metagenomics, metabolomics, and stable isotopic tracing to link aboveground and belowground systems and explore the interactions among plants, microbes, and the soil environments, thereby promoting a more comprehensive understanding and effective conservation of peatland ecosystems.

Key words: peatland, plant litter decomposition, carbon cycle, microorganism, functional gene, soil enzyme

赵掷艺, 黄伟权, 胡婧妍, 王义越, 虞梦婕, 吴玉环. 泥炭沼泽湿地植物残体分解及微生物作用机理研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(4): 801-813. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0066

ZHAO Zhi-Yi, HUANG Wei-Quan, HU Jing-Yan, WANG Yi-Yue, YU Meng-Jie, WU Yu-Huan. Advances of plant litter decomposition and its microbial mechanisms in peatland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(4): 801-813. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0066

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I4/801

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