城郊近河退耕地野大豆群落生态位和种间联结

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来野大豆(Glycine soja)资源在人类影响下急剧减少, 探究野大豆在退耕地群落中所处的地位, 揭示它与其他物种的种间联结特征及其所处群落的稳定性, 可为野大豆的资源保护以及群落恢复提供理论基础。采用样方法(1 m × 1 m)对沈阳市郊3个近河退耕地自然演替的草本植物群落进行了调查, 分析了主要物种的重要值、生态位宽度、生态位重叠度和种间联结性, 评价了群落稳定性。结果表明: 调查的群落中共出现20科51属65种草本植物, 其中一年生植物占52.31%。野大豆是群落中最占优势的物种, 具有最大的频度(97.18%)、盖度(平均49.75%)、重要值(33.28)和生态位宽度(B_L = 101.92, B_S = 4.75)。野大豆和矮蒿(Artemisia lancea)的资源利用重叠度(O_ik)值(0.35)和生态位相似性(0.30)最大, 与贼小豆(Vigna minima)的生态位重叠度也较大(O_ik = 0.34)。χ²检验和联结系数(AC)分析表明野大豆与矮蒿为显著正联结, 与葎草(Humulus scandens)为极显著负联结; 相关系数结果表明野大豆和贼小豆之间为正联结, 与狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、红蓼(Persicaria orientalis)、稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)为极显著负联结。群落中主要植物之间的总体生态位重叠值较低(0-0.35); 总体关联性的方差比率(VR)为0.87, W检验值为122.16, 表明群落中主要植物间呈负联结关系; χ²检验、AC和Spearman秩相关系数结果也均显示群落中主要物种间以负联结为主。M. Godron法分析的交点坐标与稳定点坐标之间的欧式距离较远, 表明目前群落的稳定性较差, 但退耕时间长的群落的欧式距离较退耕时间短的近, 说明退耕时间越长群落的稳定性越高。

关键词: 近河退耕地, 野大豆, 群落物种组成, 生态位, 种间联结性, 群落稳定性

Abstract:

Aims In recent years, resources of Glycine soja had decreased dramatically under human disturbance. This study aimed to reveal the resource recovery and role of Glycine soja in communities on abandoned farmland, evaluate its interspecific association with other species and the stability of the community, and provide a theoretical basis for resource conservation and community restoration of Glycine soja.
Methods In this paper, the quadrat method with 1 m × 1 m was used to investigate the herb communities on three abandoned farmlands near the river located in the suburbs of Shenyang City. The importance value, ecological niche width, the degree of ecological overlap and interspecific association of the major herbaceous plants in the communities, as well as the stability of the community were analyzed.
Important findings There were 65 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 20 families and 51 genera in the investigated community, among which annual plants accounted for 52.31%. Glycine soja was the most dominant species in the community, with the highest frequency (97.18%), coverage (49.75% on average), importance value (33.28) and niche width (B_L = 101.92, B_S = 4.75). The resource use overlap (O_ik) value (0.35) and niche similarity (0.30) between Glycine soja and Artemisia lancea were the largest, and the niche overlap between Glycine soja and Vigna minima was also large (O_ik = 0.34). χ² test and association coefficient (AC) results showed that there was a significant positive association between Glycine soja and Artemisia lancea, and a very significant negative association between Glycine soja and Humulus scandens. The correlation coefficient showed that Glycine soja had a positive association with Vigna minima, but a highly significant negative association with Setaria viridis, Persicaria orientalis and Echinochloa crusgalli. The overall niche overlap values of the important plants in the community were low (0-0.35). The variance ratio (VR) and statistic (W) of the total association were 0.87 and 122.16, indicating a negative association among the major plants in the community. The results of χ² test, AC, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed that there were mainly negative associations among species. The Euclidean distance between the coordinates of the intersection point and the coordinates of the stable point analyzed by M. Godron method was far, indicating that the community stability was relatively poor. However, the Euclidean distance of the community with a longer period of returning farmland to forest was closer than that of the community with a shorter period, suggesting that community stability increases with longer abandonment times.

Key words: abandoned farmland near river, Glycine soja, community species composition, ecological niche, interspecific association, community stability

郑立媛, 徐茜竹, 尹嘉淇, 孙小雯, 王艳. 城郊近河退耕地野大豆群落生态位和种间联结. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(10): 1685-1697. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0018

ZHENG Li-Yuan, XU Xi-Zhu, YIN Jia-Qi, SUN Xiao-Wen, WANG Yan. Niche and interspecific associations of Glycine soja community on abandoned farmland near a river in suburban. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(10): 1685-1697. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0018

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I10/1685

图/表 7

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序号 Serial number	物种名 Species name	出现样方数 Number of quadrats present	频度 Frequency (%)	平均盖度 Average coverage (%)	重要值 Importance value (%)	B_L	B_S
1	野大豆 Glycine soja	138	97.18	49.75	33.28	101.92	4.75
2	矮蒿 Artemisia lancea	53	37.32	8.14	6.29	34.62	3.73
3	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	55	38.73	3.85	5.41	31.37	3.68
4	黄花蒿 Artemisia annua	29	20.42	6.97	4.31	22.39	3.22
5	三裂叶豚草 Ambrosia trifida	44	30.99	4.49	4.30	23.99	3.42
6	野黍 Eriochloa villosa	47	33.10	2.37	3.94	28.91	3.57
7	鼠掌老鹳草 Geranium sibiricum	39	27.46	3.49	3.90	21.07	3.30
8	红蓼 Persicaria orientalis	18	12.68	4.58	3.38	12.24	2.62
9	葎草 Humulus scandens	35	24.65	2.84	2.97	18.43	3.27
10	大刺儿菜 Cirsium arvense var. setosum	36	25.35	2.14	2.97	26.60	3.40
11	稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	29	20.42	2.32	2.80	11.12	2.88
12	蒌蒿 Artemisia selengensis	28	19.72	2.25	2.48	16.61	3.02
13	芦苇 Phragmites australis	18	12.68	3.20	2.44	12.86	2.69
14	豆茶山扁豆 Chamaecrista nomame	19	13.38	1.25	1.80	12.40	2.68
15	贼小豆 Vigna minima	17	11.97	1.24	1.47	12.11	2.65

序号 Serial number	物种名 Species name	出现样方数 Number of quadrats present	频度 Frequency (%)	平均盖度 Average coverage (%)	重要值 Importance value (%)	B_L	B_S
1	野大豆 Glycine soja	138	97.18	49.75	33.28	101.92	4.75
2	矮蒿 Artemisia lancea	53	37.32	8.14	6.29	34.62	3.73
3	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	55	38.73	3.85	5.41	31.37	3.68
4	黄花蒿 Artemisia annua	29	20.42	6.97	4.31	22.39	3.22
5	三裂叶豚草 Ambrosia trifida	44	30.99	4.49	4.30	23.99	3.42
6	野黍 Eriochloa villosa	47	33.10	2.37	3.94	28.91	3.57
7	鼠掌老鹳草 Geranium sibiricum	39	27.46	3.49	3.90	21.07	3.30
8	红蓼 Persicaria orientalis	18	12.68	4.58	3.38	12.24	2.62
9	葎草 Humulus scandens	35	24.65	2.84	2.97	18.43	3.27
10	大刺儿菜 Cirsium arvense var. setosum	36	25.35	2.14	2.97	26.60	3.40
11	稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	29	20.42	2.32	2.80	11.12	2.88
12	蒌蒿 Artemisia selengensis	28	19.72	2.25	2.48	16.61	3.02
13	芦苇 Phragmites australis	18	12.68	3.20	2.44	12.86	2.69
14	豆茶山扁豆 Chamaecrista nomame	19	13.38	1.25	1.80	12.40	2.68
15	贼小豆 Vigna minima	17	11.97	1.24	1.47	12.11	2.65

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1		0.30	0.26	0.18	0.24	0.26	0.22	0.07	0.22	0.21	0.14	0.14	0.10	0.11	0.14
2	0.35		0.13	0.11	0.14	0.12	0.14	0.03	0.08	0.15	0.06	0.15	0.21	0.15	0.01
3	0.26	0.11		0.20	0.31	0.19	0.21	0.10	0.20	0.21	0.23	0.09	0.00	0.09	0.11
4	0.30	0.10	0.23		0.03	0.27	0.06	0.03	0.00	0.10	0.06	0.19	0.00	0.17	0.07
5	0.28	0.13	0.31	0.04		0.14	0.26	0.03	0.21	0.26	0.12	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.10
6	0.31	0.10	0.19	0.28	0.11		0.19	0.06	0.17	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.16	0.14	0.19
7	0.27	0.12	0.19	0.04	0.23	0.18		0.03	0.31	0.14	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.02	0.03
8	0.12	0.03	0.12	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.01		0.12	0.00	0.32	0.03	0.01	0.04	0.00
9	0.29	0.04	0.17	0.00	0.19	0.16	0.36	0.16		0.14	0.18	0.04	0.12	0.00	0.02
10	0.30	0.16	0.28	0.11	0.31	0.11	0.09	0.00	0.17		0.03	0.26	0.26	0.04	0.04
11	0.12	0.03	0.14	0.03	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.32	0.08	0.01		0.08	0.01	0.03	0.05
12	0.24	0.18	0.08	0.28	0.08	0.09	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.31	0.04		0.14	0.05	0.12
13	0.16	0.35	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.23	0.09	0.00	0.09	0.34	0.01	0.10		0.07	0.03
14	0.22	0.21	0.11	0.17	0.10	0.17	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.06	0.06		0.04
15	0.34	0.00	0.10	0.04	0.10	0.19	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.10	0.01	0.03

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1		0.30	0.26	0.18	0.24	0.26	0.22	0.07	0.22	0.21	0.14	0.14	0.10	0.11	0.14
2	0.35		0.13	0.11	0.14	0.12	0.14	0.03	0.08	0.15	0.06	0.15	0.21	0.15	0.01
3	0.26	0.11		0.20	0.31	0.19	0.21	0.10	0.20	0.21	0.23	0.09	0.00	0.09	0.11
4	0.30	0.10	0.23		0.03	0.27	0.06	0.03	0.00	0.10	0.06	0.19	0.00	0.17	0.07
5	0.28	0.13	0.31	0.04		0.14	0.26	0.03	0.21	0.26	0.12	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.10
6	0.31	0.10	0.19	0.28	0.11		0.19	0.06	0.17	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.16	0.14	0.19
7	0.27	0.12	0.19	0.04	0.23	0.18		0.03	0.31	0.14	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.02	0.03
8	0.12	0.03	0.12	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.01		0.12	0.00	0.32	0.03	0.01	0.04	0.00
9	0.29	0.04	0.17	0.00	0.19	0.16	0.36	0.16		0.14	0.18	0.04	0.12	0.00	0.02
10	0.30	0.16	0.28	0.11	0.31	0.11	0.09	0.00	0.17		0.03	0.26	0.26	0.04	0.04
11	0.12	0.03	0.14	0.03	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.32	0.08	0.01		0.08	0.01	0.03	0.05
12	0.24	0.18	0.08	0.28	0.08	0.09	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.31	0.04		0.14	0.05	0.12
13	0.16	0.35	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.23	0.09	0.00	0.09	0.34	0.01	0.10		0.07	0.03
14	0.22	0.21	0.11	0.17	0.10	0.17	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.06	0.06		0.04
15	0.34	0.00	0.10	0.04	0.10	0.19	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.10	0.01	0.03

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