基于IUCN全球评估数据的中国高等植物红色名录指数

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0387

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 1612-1625.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0387

基于IUCN全球评估数据的中国高等植物红色名录指数

李利平¹, 余堃¹, 陈芳淼¹, 陈强¹, 景雨航¹^,³, 牛振国¹^,³, 胡辰璐¹^,³, 覃海宁²^,³, 黄慧萍¹^,³, 田亦陈¹^,³^,^*()

¹中国科学院空天信息创新研究院, 北京 100094
²中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-11-06 接受日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-06-04
通讯作者: *田亦陈(tianyc@aircas.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作专项(2024YFE0198600);国家自然科学基金(82274041);可持续发展大数据国际研究中心专项(E23Z0501)

Red List Index of Chinese higher plants based on IUCN global assessment data

LI Li-Ping¹, YU Kun¹, CHEN Fang-Miao¹, CHEN Qiang¹, JING Yu-Hang¹^,³, NIU Zhen-Guo¹^,³, HU Chen-Lu¹^,³, QIN Hai-Ning²^,³, HUANG Hui-Ping¹^,³, TIAN Yi-Chen¹^,³^,^*()

¹Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
²Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-11-06 Accepted:2025-04-03 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-06-04
Supported by:
The Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Program Under National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2024YFE0198600);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274041);The International Research Centre of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(E23Z0501)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录是进行生物多样性保育的依据之一, 由红色名录评估结果数据计算的红色名录指数(RLI)是评估全球/国家/区域/某生物类群的物种整体生存状况的指标。红色名录指数计算的数据源可以是国家的红色名录评估结果数据, 也可以是IUCN全球红色名录评估结果数据; 中国已完成基于国家高等植物评估结果数据的红色名录指数计算, 而基于IUCN全球红色名录评估结果数据的红色名录指数尚未有报道。该研究基于IUCN评估方法框架, 考虑物种的分布区, 计算了基于IUCN全球红色名录评估结果数据的中国高等植物红色名录指数, 并与生物多样性指标联盟(BIP)仅采用苏铁类代表植物来计算国家红色名录指数的结果进行了比较。研究发现, 采用等步长法, 基于IUCN红色名录评估结果数据、合并IUCN和中国特有种评估结果数据、仅采用苏铁类评估结果数据3种数据源得到的中国高等植物红色名录指数分别为0.946 7、0.908 2和0.540 1, 仅采用苏铁类评估结果数据的方法低估了中国高等植物红色名录指数, 存在类群偏差, 所以用尽可能多的可靠数据进行该指数的计算更为合理。该研究在红色名录指数的计算方面进行了探索, 考虑了物种分布区。研究结果可以与其他国家的相关数据进行对比, 也可以为中国生物多样性相关的国际履约提供基础数据。

关键词: 生物多样性, 红色名录指数, 国家评估, 全球评估, 物种分布区, 占有面积, 特有种

Abstract:

Aims The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List provides a monitoring basis to biodiversity conservation. The Red List Index (RLI), derived from the Red List assessments, is an indicator of the status of species and taxonomic groups at global, national, and regional scales. This study aims to analyze the RLI of Chinese higher plants based on the IUCN global assessment data.
Methods The RLI can be calculated using either national or global assessment data. While the Chinese Red List Index based on national assessment data (nRLI) for higher plants has previously been reported, this study focuses on calculating Chinese higher plant Red List Index based on global assessment data (gRLI), following the IUCN assessment framework. By partitioning species’ Extent of Occurrence (EOO) within China and outside China, we derived the gRLI based on global assessment data. We then compared the resulting Chinese higher plant gRLI with the figures from the Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (BIP), which derived a nation’s gRLI values relying only on a representative subset of Cycads.
Important findings Using the equal steps method, the gRLI for Chinese higher plants, was calculated as 0.946 7 based on IUCN assessment data only, 0.908 2 based on the IUCN and Chinese endemic species assessments, and 0.540 1 using solely Cycas, respectively. The BIP approach, relying only on Cycads, underestimates gRLI for Chinese higher plants, suggesting a taxonomical bias. This study highlights the importance of incorporating data as comprehensive as possible to generate more accurate and reliable gRLI results. By calculating a gRLI for Chinese higher plants that is comparable to those of other countries, this study provides essential baseline data to support evaluation of China’s progress and efforts toward international commitments.

Key words: biodiversity, Red List Index (RLI), national assessment, global assessment, species range size, Extent of Occurrence (EOO), endemic species

李利平, 余堃, 陈芳淼, 陈强, 景雨航, 牛振国, 胡辰璐, 覃海宁, 黄慧萍, 田亦陈. 基于IUCN全球评估数据的中国高等植物红色名录指数. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(10): 1612-1625. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0387

LI Li-Ping, YU Kun, CHEN Fang-Miao, CHEN Qiang, JING Yu-Hang, NIU Zhen-Guo, HU Chen-Lu, QIN Hai-Ning, HUANG Hui-Ping, TIAN Yi-Chen. Red List Index of Chinese higher plants based on IUCN global assessment data. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(10): 1612-1625. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0387

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0387

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I10/1612

图/表 8

表1 IUCN全球植物评估情况(截至2024年6月27日)

Table 1 Numbers of plant species by IUCN global assessment as of June 27th, 2024

	总物种数 Total species	已评估 Assessed species	占比 Percentage (%)	受威胁物种数 Threatened species
苔藓类 Mosses	21 925	327	1.5	181
蕨类 Ferns and Allies	11 800	821	7.0	321
裸子植物 Gymnosperm	1 113	1 059	95.1	451
被子植物 Angiosperm	369 000	68 704	18.6	26 367
绿藻类 Green algae	13 960	17	0.1	0
红藻类 Red algae	7 523	78	1.0	9
总计 Total	425 321	71 006	17.0	27 329

图1 IUCN评估数据库中受威胁植物累积数量(1998-2024, 截止到2024年6月27日)。数据来源: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/summary-statistics。

Fig. 1 Accumulated numbers of threatened plant species in IUCN global assessment database: CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Engdangered), VU (Vulnerable), and Total threatened species (1998-2004, as of June 27th, 2024). Data source: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/summary-statistics.

图2 物种占有面积(EOO)及其分割计算流程。

Fig. 2 Flowchart of calculating and partitioning species’ Extent of Occurrence (EOO).

图3 物种占有面积(EOO)划定方法举例。A, 竹叶花椒, 分布数据源为点类型。B, 节节麦, 分布数据源为面类型。

Fig. 3 Examples for the partition of Extent of Occurrence (EOO) in China and outside China. A, Zanthoxylum armatum, with point source data. B, Aegilops tauschii, with polygon source data.

表2 红色名录指数计算物种受威胁等级权重赋值

Table 2 IUCN Red List status and weights for two methods of Red List Index calculation

级别 Status	等步长法 Equal steps method	灭绝风险法 Extinction risk method
灭绝 Extinct (EX)	5	1
野外灭绝 Extinct in the wild (EW)	5	1
极危 Critically endangered (CR)	4	0.5
濒危 Endangered (EN)	3	0.05
易危 Vulnerable (VU)	2	0.005
近危 Near threatened (NT)	1	0.000 5
无危 Least concern (LC)	0	0

表3 IUCN数据库中中国分布的物种评估级别统计表

Table 3 Numbers of family, genus, and species distributed in China by status in IUCN assessment database

等级 Status	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
灭绝 Extinct (EX)	6	6	6
极危 Critically endangered (CR)	46	75	150
濒危 Endangered (EN)	69	165	370
易危 Vulnerable (VU)	75	163	331
近危 Near threatened (NT)	43	74	135
无危 Least concern (LC)	212	896	2 873
数据缺乏 Data deficient (DD)	47	99	294
评估物种总计 Total assessed species	241	1 104	4 159
受威胁种总计 Total threatened species	110	309	851

表4 基于全球评估数据的中国高等植物红色名录指数

Table 4 Red List Index of Chinese higher plants based on IUCN global assessment data (gRLI)

方法和物种数 Methods and species numbers	IUCN评估物种 IUCN assessed species	IUCN评估物种&中国特有种 IUCN assessed species & Chinese endemic species	仅苏铁类 Solely Cycas
等步长法 Equal steps method	0.946 7	0.908 2	0.540 1
灭绝风险法 Extinction risk method	0.987 7	0.985 4	0.871 6
物种数 Species number	2 212	18 298	18

图4 4种代表性苏铁类植物的分布点、占有面积(EOO)及其在中国境内和境外的分割情况。图中右下角的饼图表示EOO在中国和中国以外区域的面积占比。

Fig. 4 Species distribution point, Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and the partition of EOO. The pie charts show the percentages of species EOO inside vs. outside of China, respectively.

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基于IUCN全球评估数据的中国高等植物红色名录指数

Red List Index of Chinese higher plants based on IUCN global assessment data

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