鄂尔多斯高原不同生境条件下中间锦鸡儿植物叶片表皮特征及遗传多样性变化分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0147

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究在鄂尔多斯高原从东到西按照降雨量逐渐减少的梯度选取了5个地区,对中间锦鸡儿(Caragana davazamcii)叶片的表皮结构进行了比较观察,发现不同生境条件下的中间锦鸡儿由于环境的长期作用表皮表现出一定的差异性,主要表现在随着多年平均降雨量的减少叶片表皮毛密度、气孔密度、气孔指数均有所增加,气孔深陷程度逐渐加深,角质层由光滑变得粗糙,但并不是线性增加,因此本研究对不同生境的中间锦鸡儿植物叶片做了遗传多样性分析,发现随着生境由东向西的变化,中间锦鸡儿种群遗传多样性有增加的趋势,与表皮形态特征变化一致,说明中间锦鸡儿呈现明显的表现型可塑性,可塑性反应比较高。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯高原, 中间锦鸡儿, 表皮特征, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

Aims Although Caragana davazamcii is an important nitrogen-fixing plant in North China, few studies have focused on its epidermal structure and genetic diversity along a precipitation gradient. Our aims are to determine how changes of epidermal structure of C. davazamcii leaves are related to changes of genetic diversity in different habitats, what role environments play in this relationship, and whether these populations have potential to become adapted to their local environments in different ways.

Methods We established 20 m×20 m plots along the precipitation gradient and randomly collected leaves ofC. davazamcii from natural populations. We studied leaf epidermal structure using a light microscope (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and used ISSR-PCR genetic diversity analysis to study differentiation among populations.

Important findings The leaf epidermis of C. davazamcii in different habitats was significantly different as a result of environmental effects. Trichome density, stomatal density, stomatal index and cuticle coarseness increased with changes in average annual rainfall from east to west, as did genetic diversity of populations. Caragana davazamcii showed significant phenotypic plasticity in different habitats, and this may play a critical role in the ecological adaptability of C. davazamcii populations.

Key words: Erdos Plateau, Caragana davazamcii, epidermis characteristic, genetic diversity

杨明博, 杨劼, 杨九艳, 梁娜, 清华. 鄂尔多斯高原不同生境条件下中间锦鸡儿植物叶片表皮特征及遗传多样性变化分析. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 1181-1189. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0147

YANG Ming-Bo, YANG Jie, YANG Jiu-Yan, LIANG Na, QING Hua. CHANGES OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEAF EPIDERMIS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CARAGANA DAVAZAMCII IN DIFFERENT HABITATS IN ERDOS PLATEAU, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(6): 1181-1189. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0147

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0147

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I6/1181

图/表 13

图1 中间锦鸡儿样品采集地

Fig.1 The sampling sites of Caragana davazamcii

表1 中间锦鸡儿样品采集地概况

Table 1 The general situation of the sampling sites

采样点 Sampling sites	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年均降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Annual temperature (℃)	湿润系数 Moisture coefficient	生境特点 Habitat characteristic
Ⅰ	39°23'47″	110°22'42″	1 217	322	7.5	>0.4	典型草原区的覆沙地 Land covered with sand in typical steppe region
Ⅱ	39°23'24″	109°48'25″	1 372	286	6.8	0.4~0.35	典型草原区的覆沙硬梁 Solid girder coverd with sand in typical steppe region
Ⅲ	39°02'01″	109°22'44″	1 309	262	6.8	0.35~0.3	毛乌素沙地半固定沙丘梁上 Semi-fixed sand dune in Mu Us Sandland
Ⅳ	38°36'55″	108°42'58″	1 348	251	7.4	0.25~0.23	毛乌素沙地覆沙硬梁 Solid girder covered with sand in Mu Us Sandland
Ⅴ	39°14'30″	108°02'27″	1 375	221	7.1	0.23~0.2	荒漠草原平缓的沙质地 Flat sandland in desert steppe

表2 样品采集地的群落特征

Table 2 The community characteristics of the sampling sites

采样点 Sampling sites	群落组成 Community composition	中间锦鸡儿种群平均株高 Average height of Caragana davazancii population (cm)	中间锦鸡儿种群平均冠幅 Average canopy of Caragana davazancii population (m²)	土壤类型 Soil type	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)
Ⅰ	中间锦鸡儿+本氏针茅群落 Caragana davazancii+Stipa bungeana community	102.4±3.2	1.799±0.05	黄土 Loess	1.54±0.03	4.62±0.44
Ⅱ	中间锦鸡儿+牛心朴子群落 C. davazancii+Cynanchua komarovii community	48.9±2.4	0.817±0.07	黄土 Loess	1.50±0.02	7.86±0.11
Ⅲ	中间锦鸡儿+油蒿群落 C. davazancii+Artemisia ordosica community	77.7±4.8	0.856±0.22	风沙土 Aeolian sandy soil	1.60±0.01	2.86±0.21
Ⅳ	中间锦鸡儿+油蒿+羊柴群落 C. davazancii+A. ordosica+Hedysanum maxion community	116.9±4.3	2.01±0.28	风沙土 Aeolian sandy soil	1.50±0.03	5.56±0.49
Ⅴ	中间锦鸡儿+小针茅-短花针茅群落 C. davazancii+Stipa kleneazii+S. breviflora community	152.3±2.6	2.43±0.25	棕钙土 Brown soil	1.56±0.01	3.18±0.18

表3 表皮及其附属物特征值

Table 3 Characteristic values of epidemis and its auessory

种群 No. of population	表皮毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔大小 Stomatal size (μm)		气孔指数 Stomatal index
种群 No. of population	表皮毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm^-2)	长Length	宽Width
Ⅰ	339.2±52.7^b	214.4±47.8^a	19.3±1.35	12.5±0.28	8.41±1.30^a
Ⅱ	400.0±45.9^b	371.2±95.6^b	17.2±1.26	11.8±0.43	8.16±2.40^a
Ⅲ	448.0±74.6^c	256.6±56.5^a	21.5±2.81	12.9±0.65	10.43±1.41^c
Ⅳ	256.0±43.2^a	224.0±33.7^a	19.9±0.46	12.3±0.37	9.10±2.28^b
Ⅴ	454.4±70.4^c	384.2±74.6^b	19.8±0.59	16.4±1.24	11.43±1.81^c

图2 不同降雨量地区中间锦鸡儿植物叶表皮结构观察 ×40

Fig.2 Structure of leaf epidermis of Caragana davazamcii from different habitats

图3 不同地区中间锦鸡儿叶片扫描电镜观察——气孔 ×4 000 Ⅳ:角质层有蜡被保护 Cutide covered with wax Ⅴ:角质层有瘤状突起 Cutide with strumae

Fig.3 Observation on the leaves of Caragana davazamcii through a seaming election microscope (SEM) in the different habitats—stoma×4 000

图4 不同地区中间锦鸡儿叶片扫描电镜观察——表皮毛×400

Fig.4 Observation on the leaves of Caragana davazamcii through a seaming election microscope (SEM) in the different habitats—trichome×400

表4 不同生境中间锦鸡儿种群多态位点的差异

Table 4 Difference of polymorphic loci of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

种群 Population	多态位点 Polymorphic loci	多态性位点百分率 Percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) (%)
I	98	64.90
Ⅱ	113	74.83
Ⅲ	109	72.19
Ⅳ	107	70.86
Ⅴ	117	77.48

图5 引物AW64751对5个地区中间锦鸡儿种群的扩增谱带 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ: 分别代表5个采样点的中间锦鸡儿种群 Five C. davazamcii populations from different habitats

Fig.5 PCR-amplified fragment patterns with AW64571 primer in Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

表5 不同生境中间锦鸡儿种群Nei's遗传多样性指数、Shannon信息指数

Table 5 Nei's gene diversity index and Shannon information index of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

种群 Population	Nei遗传多样性指数 Nei's gene diversity index (h)	Shannon 信息指数 Shannon information index (I)
Ⅰ	0.209 3	0.317 7
Ⅱ	0.252 9	0.378 9
Ⅲ	0.239 7	0.359 5
Ⅳ	0.235 5	0.354 5
Ⅴ	0.246 9	0.375 8
总计 Total	0.296 3	0.454 2

表6 不同生境中间锦鸡儿种群HT、HS、GST、 N m *

Table 6 HT、HS、GST and Nm of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

	样本大小 Sample size	H_T	H_S	G_ST	$N m *$
平均值 Mean	55	0.296 3	0.236 9	0.200 5	1.993 6
标准差 SD		0.023 4	0.017 1

表6 不同生境中间锦鸡儿种群HT、HS、GST、 N m *

Table 6 HT、HS、GST and Nm of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

	样本大小 Sample size	H_T	H_S	G_ST	$N m *$
平均值 Mean	55	0.296 3	0.236 9	0.200 5	1.993 6
标准差 SD		0.023 4	0.017 1

表7 不同生境中间锦鸡儿种群遗传距离(下三角)和遗传一致度(上三角)

Table 7 Nei's genetic distance (below diagonal) and genetic identity (above diagonal) of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

种群 Population	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Ⅰ	****	0.926 7	0.917 6	0.905 3	0.894 8
Ⅱ	0.076 1	****	0.890 3	0.876 9	0.887 4
Ⅲ	0.086 0	0.116 2	****	0.938 4	0.899 8
Ⅳ	0.099 5	0.131 4	0.063 6	****	0.889 8
Ⅴ	0.111 2	0.119 4	0.105 6	0.116 7	****

表8 不同生境条件下中间锦鸡儿的表型特征与遗传特征的相关分析

Table 8 Correlation analysis between phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Caragana davazamcii in different habitats

		毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔指数 Stomatal index	多态位点 Polymorphic loci	Nei指数 Nei's index	Shannon 信息指数 Shannon information index
毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm^-2)	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	1 .	0.650 0.235	0.593 0.292	0.577 0.308	0.577 0.309	0.458 0.438
气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm^-2)	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.650 0.235	1 .	0.400 0.505	1.000^** .	0.900^* 0.037	0.901^* 0.039
气孔指数 Stomatal index	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.593 0.292	0.400 0.505	1 .	0.575 0.310	0.575 0.311	0.333 0.584
多态位点 Polymorphic loci	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.577 0.308	1.000^* .	0.575 0.310	1 .	1.000^** .	0.937^* 0.019
Nei指数 Nei's index	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.577 0.309	0.900^* 0.037	0.575 0.311	1.000^** .	1 .	0.937^* 0.019
Shannon 信息指数 Shannon information index	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.458 0.438	0.901^* 0.039	0.333 0.584	0.937^* 0.019	0.937^* 0.019	1 .

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