短期增温和增加降水对内蒙古荒漠草原土壤呼吸的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01043

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用红外辐射增温装置模拟短期持续增温和降水增加交互作用对内蒙古荒漠草原土壤呼吸作用的影响, 结果表明: 土壤含水量对月土壤呼吸的影响显著大于土壤温度增加的影响, 生长旺季的月土壤呼吸显著大于生长末季; 土壤温度和水分增加都显著影响日土壤呼吸, 但二者的交互作用对土壤呼吸无显著影响。荒漠草原7‒8月平均土壤呼吸速率为1.35 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1, 7月份为2.08 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1, 8月份为0.63 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1。土壤呼吸与地下各层根系生物量呈幂函数关系, 0‒10 cm土层的根系生物量对土壤呼吸的解释率(79.2%)明显高于10‒20 cm土层的解释率(31.6%)。0-10 cm土层的根系生物量是根系生物量的主体, 根系生物量对土壤呼吸的影响具有层次性。在未来全球变暖和降水格局变化的情景下, 荒漠草原土壤水分含量是影响生物量的主导环境因子, 而根系生物量的差异是造成土壤呼吸异质性的主要生物因素, 土壤含水量可通过影响根系生物量控制土壤呼吸的异质性。

关键词: 根系生物量, 荒漠草原, 降水, 土壤呼吸, 增温

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to examine the effects of global warming inducing environmental and biological changes on soil respiration of desert steppe.
Methods We used infrared heaters to carry out the interactive simulation of warming and increasing precipitation in a desert steppe of Inner Mongolia from June to September 2011. Our experimental design was set up with two temperature levels (control and warming) and three precipitation treatments (control, 15% and 30% increase of the average precipitation during 1987-2007), using a complete randomized block arrangement. Soil respiration rate was measured by a LI-8100 carbon flux system in these six different treatments. We analyzed the relationships between soil respiration and environmental factors, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass at different soil layers (0-10, 10-20 and 0-20 cm).
Important findings Soil respiration in the desert steppe reached its peak value in the middle of the growing season. The average soil respiration rate of the desert steppe from July to August was 1.35 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1. The soil respiration rate was 2.08 and 0.63 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1 in July and August, respectively. Increasing soil moisture and temperature significantly influenced daily soil respiration, but their interaction had no significant effect on soil respiration. Soil moisture had greater impact on monthly soil respiration than soil temperature. Soil respiration rate showed a power function relationship with belowground biomass at different soil depths. The belowground biomass at 0-10 cm soil was the major part of the belowground biomass and could explain more variation of soil respiration rate (79.2%) than that at 10-20 cm (31.6%). Under the future climatic changes scenarios, soil moisture was a principal environmental factor affecting plant biomass, while belowground biomass was a major biological factor controlling soil respiration in the desert steppe. Soil moisture might control the heterogeneity of soil respiration by influencing the distribution of belowground biomass at different soil depths.

Key words: belowground biomass, desert steppe, precipitation, soil respiration, warming

刘涛, 张永贤, 许振柱, 周广胜, 侯彦会, 林琳. 短期增温和增加降水对内蒙古荒漠草原土壤呼吸的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(10): 1043-1053. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01043

LIU Tao, ZHANG Yong-Xian, XU Zhen-Zhu, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, HOU Yan-Hui, LIN Lin. Effects of short-term warming and increasing precipitation on soil respiration of desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(10): 1043-1053. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01043

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01043

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I10/1043

图/表 12

表1 基于过去30年(1978-2007年)日平均降水量的浇水量

Table 1 Increased amount of water based on daily average precipitation in the past 30 years (1978-2007)

日期 Date	降水增幅15% Precipitation (+15%) (L)	降水增幅30% Precipitation (+30%) (L)
6月7日 7 June	5.20	10.30
6月14日 14 June	5.20	10.30
6月21日 21 June	5.20	10.30
6月28日 28 June	7.30	14.60
7月5日 5 July	8.90	17.80
7月12日 12 July	8.90	17.80
7月19日 19 July	8.90	17.80
7月26日 26 July	9.00	18.10
8月2日 2 August	9.80	19.50
8月9日 9 August	9.80	19.50
8月16日 16 August	9.80	19.50
8月23日 23 August	9.80	19.50

图1 增温对土壤温度和土壤含水量的影响。

Fig. 1 Effects of warming on soil temperature and soil water content.

图2 增温对白天与夜间土壤温度和土壤含水量的影响。

Fig. 2 Effects of warming on soil temperature and soil water content during daytime and night.

表2 增温对土壤呼吸月变化的影响(t-test, p < 0.05)

Table 2 Effects of warming on monthly soil respiration (t-test, p < 0.05)

时间 Time	增温处理 Warming treatment
时间 Time	对照样地土壤温度 Soil temperature in control spot (℃)	增温样地土壤温度 Soil temperature in warming spot (℃)	对照样地土壤呼吸 Soil respiration in control spot (μmol CO₂·m^?2·s^?1)	增温样地土壤呼吸 Soil respiration in warming spot (μmol CO₂·m^?2·s^?1)	t	p
7月 July	25.13	29.36	2.22	2.29	0.30	0.768
8月 August	26.22	30.79	0.80	0.94	?1.28	0.219

表3 增温对土壤呼吸日变化的影响(t-test, p < 0.05)

Table 3 Effects of warming on daily soil respiration (t-test, p < 0.05)

时间 Time		增温处理 Warming treatment
时间 Time		对照样地土壤温度 Soil temperature in control spot (℃)	增温样地土壤温度 Soil temperature in warming spot (℃)	对照样地土壤呼吸 Soil respiration in control spot (μmol CO₂·m^?2·s^?1)	增温样地土壤呼吸 Soil respiration in warming spot (μmol CO₂·m^?2·s^?1)	t	p
7月7日 7 July	6:00?12:00	13.96	17.33	3.05	2.31	1.47	0.170
	12:00?20:00	19.91	23.26	3.86	3.49	0.88	0.400
	20:00?6:00	15.76	18.85	1.12	0.96	2.20	0.045
8月10日 10 August	6:00?12:00	25.59	30.35	1.22	1.45	?1.07	0.305
	12:00?20:00	39.33	44.28	1.12	1.36	?1.82	0.089
	20:00?6:00	27.32	31.91	0.43	0.47	?0.63	0.538

图3 增温对土壤呼吸日变化的影响(平均值±标准误差)。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 3 Effects of warming on daily soil respiration (mean ± SE). *, p < 0.05.

图4 降水对土壤呼吸月变化的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 自然降水; W15, 降水增幅15%; W30, 降水增幅30%。不同的小写字母表示同一月份不同降水增幅处理下土壤呼吸差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of precipitation on monthly soil respiration (mean ± SE). W0, nature precipitation (control); W15, precipitation +15%; W30, precipitation +30%. Different lowercases mean significant differences of soil respiration among different precipitation treatments within the same month (p < 0.05).

图5 降水对土壤呼吸日变化的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 自然降水; W15, 降水增幅15%; W30, 降水增幅30%。不同小写字母表示同一时间段不同降水增幅处理下土壤呼吸差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of precipitation on daily soil respiration (mean ± SE). W0, nature precipitation (control); W15, precipitation +15%; W30, precipitation +30%. Different lowercases mean significant differences of soil respiration among different precipitation treatments within the same time (p < 0.05).

表4 不同时间尺度增温和降水交互作用对土壤呼吸的影响(p < 0.05)

Table 4 Effects of warming and precipitation interactive treatments on soil respiration in different time scales (p < 0.05)

时间 Time		增温 × 降水 Warming × precipitation
时间 Time		F	p
7月 July		0.018	0.982
8月 August		1.203	0.334
7月7日 7 July	6:00?12:00	0.321	0.732
	12:00?20:00	0.068	0.935
	20:00?6:00	0.447	0.649
8月10日 10 August	6:00?12:00	1.430	0.277
	12:00?20:00	2.214	0.152
	20:00?6:00	1.450	0.273

图6 增温和降水对植被盖度的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 自然降水; W15, 降水增幅15%; W30, 降水增幅30%。不同小写字母表示同一温度不同降水处理下植被盖度差异显著(p < 0.05)。*, 同一降水处理下对照和增温处理间植被盖度差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Effects of warming and precipitation on vegetation coverage (mean ± SE). W0, nature precipitation (control); W15, precipitation +15%; W30, precipitation +30%. Different lowercases mean significant differences of vegetation coverage among different precipitation treatments within the same temperature treatment (p < 0.05). *, significant difference of vegetation coverage between warming and control temperature treatments within the same precipitation treatments (p < 0.05).

图7 土壤呼吸与生物量的关系。A, 0-10 cm土层根系生物量。B, 10-20 cm土层根系生物量。C, 0-20 cm土层根系生物量。D, 地上生物量。

Fig. 7 Relationships between soil respiration and biomass. A, Belowground biomass in 0-10 cm soil layer. B, Belowground biomass in 10-20 cm soil layer. C, Belowground biomass in 0-20 cm soil layer. D, Aboveground biomass.

图8 降水对根系生物量的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 自然降水; W15, 降水增幅15%; W30, 降水增幅30%。不同小写字母表示相同土壤深度的根系生物量在不同降水处理下差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 8 Effects of precipitation on belowground biomass (mean ± SE). W0, nature precipitation (control); W15, precipitation +15%; W30, precipitation +30%. Different lowercases mean significant differences of belowground biomass among different precipitation treatments within the same soil depth (p < 0.05).

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