植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 877-888.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0178

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候波动对西安39种木本植物展叶始期及其积温需求的影响

王焕炯(),陶泽兴,葛全胜   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-08 接受日期:2019-09-15 出版日期:2019-10-20 发布日期:2020-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 王焕炯
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0606103);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2018070)

Effects of climate variation on the first leaf dates of 39 woody species and their thermal requirements in Xi’an, China

WANG Huan-Jiong(),TAO Ze-Xing,GE Quan-Sheng   

  1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
  • Received:2019-07-08 Accepted:2019-09-15 Online:2019-10-20 Published:2020-02-24
  • Contact: WANG Huan-Jiong
  • Supported by:
    y the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0606103);the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018070)

摘要:

过去几十年来暖春等异常气候事件发生的频次和强度显著增加, 使植物春季物候期发生了明显变化。但异常气候事件对植物春季物候积温需求的影响仍不清楚, 限制了对未来物候变化预测精度的提升。该研究利用西安植物园1963-2018年39种木本植物的展叶始期和相应气象数据, 首先根据3-4月平均气温划分了偏冷年、正常年和偏暖年, 对比了冷暖年相对于正常年的展叶始期变化。其次, 利用3种积温算法计算了各植物逐年的展叶始期积温需求, 比较了积温需求在冷暖年和正常年的差异。最后, 评估了传统积温模型在模拟偏冷或偏暖年展叶始期时的误差。结果表明, 所有植物的展叶始期在偏暖年比正常年平均早8.6天, 而在偏冷年平均晚8.2天。在偏暖年, 大多数物种展叶始期的积温需求(以5 ℃为阈值, 平均257.5度日)显著高于正常年(平均195.1度日); 在偏冷年的积温需求(平均168.0度日)低于正常年, 但在统计上差异不显著。就不同类群而言, 古老类群相对于年轻类群在偏冷年的推迟天数更多, 积温需求变化较小, 但在偏暖年无显著差异。不同生活型间物候与积温需求变化也无显著差异。造成偏暖年积温需求增加的可能原因是偏暖年冬季气温较高, 导致植物受到的冷激程度减轻, 从而抑制了后续的展叶。在正常年, 积温模型模拟木本植物展叶始期的平均误差仅为0.4-1.9天。在偏暖年和偏冷年, 模拟值分别比观测值平均早4.1天和晚3.0天。因此在预测未来物候变化时, 需要考虑气候波动条件下的积温需求变化。

关键词: 气候变化, 物候, 展叶始期, 积温需求, 西安

Abstract:

Aims The frequency and intensity of exceptional climatic events such as warm spring have increased significantly over the past few decades and exerted a significant impact on the spring phenophases of plants. However, the influence of exceptional climatic events on the thermal requirements of spring phenophases is still unclear, which limits the predictive accuracy of the future phenological changes. Here we aim to demonstrate how the first leaf dates of woody plants and their associated thermal requirements change under exceptional climatic conditions and how exceptional climatic conditions affect the ability of the growing degree model to predict leaf unfolding date. Methods Using data on the first leaf date of 39 woody species at Xi’an Botanical Garden from 1963 to 2018 and the corresponding meteorological data, this study firstly classified each year into the cold year, normal year and warm year. Subsequently, we analyzed the phenological change in the years with abnormal climate compared to the years with normal climate. Second, three kinds of algorithms were used to calculate the thermal requirements of the first leaf date for each plant, and the difference in the thermal requirements between years with abnormal climate and normal climate was compared. Finally, the error of the traditional growing degree day model in the simulation of the first leaf date in exceptional climatic conditions was assessed. Important findings For all plant species, the first leaf date was earlier in warm years than that in normal years with a mean advance of 8.6 days, and it was later in cold years with a mean delay of 8.2 days. In warm years, the thermal requirement of the first leaf date (257.5 degree days on average) was significantly higher than that in normal years (195.1 degree days on average, p < 0.05) for most species. However, in cold years, the thermal requirement (168.0 degree days on average) was lower than in normal years (not statistically significant) for most species. In cold years, the ancient group delayed by more in first leaf date and showed smaller changes in thermal requirement than the young group, but there was no significant difference in warm years.There were no significant differences in changes of first leaf date and thermal requirement among different life forms. The high temperature in the previous winter caused plants to receive less chilling, and thus reduced the thermal requirement in the following year. The first leaf date of woody plants simulated by the growing degree day model was 4.1 days earlier than the observed date in warm years, and was 3.0 days later than the observed date in cold years. Therefore, when predicting the future phenological changes, it is necessary to consider changes in the thermal requirement under exceptional climatic conditions; otherwise, it will overestimate the promotion effects of climate warming on the leaf unfolding date.

Key words: climate change, phenology, first leaf date, thermal requirement, Xi’an;