银合欢成功入侵热带雨林先锋群落的关键因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0137

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1215-1223.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0137

所属专题：入侵生态学

银合欢成功入侵热带雨林先锋群落的关键因素

罗金环¹, 谭照远²^,³, 陈斌⁴, 陈广武⁴, 姜凯²^,³, 何奇芳²^,³, 张辉²^,³^,^**()

¹三亚林业科学研究院, 海南三亚 572000
²海南大学林学院/海南五指山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 海口 570228
³热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室, 海南大学林学院, 海口 570228
⁴三亚市林业局, 海南三亚 572000

收稿日期:2020-05-11 接受日期:2020-06-17 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2021-04-01
通讯作者: 张辉
作者简介:**(993781@hainu.edu.cn)
第一联系人：
* 同等贡献Contributed equally to this work.

Key characteristics for facilitating Leucaena leucocephala to successfully invade pioneer communities of tropical rain forests

LUO Jin-Huan¹, TAN Zhao-Yuan²^,³, CHEN Bin⁴, CHEN Guang-Wu⁴, JIANG Kai²^,³, HEI Qi-Fang²^,³, ZHANG Hui²^,³^,^**()

¹Sanya Academy of Forestry, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
²College of Forestry/Wuzhishan National Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Research Station, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
³Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
⁴Sanya Forestry Bureau, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China

Received:2020-05-11 Accepted:2020-06-17 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2021-04-01
Contact: ZHANG Hui
About author:**(993781@hainu.edu.cn)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于生长速率高, 耐旱性强, 银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)被广泛应用于世界各地退化热带亚热带森林的修复, 但它也是一种全球性的外来入侵植物。已经有研究发现高生长速率可以帮助银合欢成功入侵亚热带森林, 但是目前还不清楚高生长速率和强耐旱性是否能帮助银合欢成功入侵热带森林。该研究以位于中国三亚抱坡岭被银合欢入侵的热带雨林先锋群落为研究对象, 通过t检验比较干季和湿季银合欢和8个热带雨林先锋群落的本地优势种与快速生长(光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率)和耐旱性(叶片膨压丧失点)紧密相关的功能性状的差异, 并利用主成分分析(PCA)研究这些功能性状是否能很好地区分银合欢和其他8个本地优势种。结果表明: 银合欢在干湿季均能快速地生长(比本地物种显著更高的光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率), 且在干季拥有更强的耐旱性(比本地物种显著更低的叶片膨压丧失点)。PCA结果表明这些功能性状能够显著区分银合欢和其他8个本地优势种。因此干湿季的稳定的快速生长和干季的强耐旱性使银合欢成功入侵热带雨林先锋群落。未来可利用这些功能性状筛选合适的本地物种对入侵其他热带森林的银合欢进行有效的生物防治。

关键词: 耐旱性, 快速生长, 功能性状, 入侵, 热带雨林先锋群落

Abstract:

Aims Due to fast-growing and high drought stress tolerance, Leucaena leucocephala has been widely used for afforestation in degraded tropical forests worldwide, but it is also a global invasive exotic species. Studies have shown that fast-growing can help L. leucocephala successfully invade subtropical forests. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fast-growing and high drought stress tolerance can help L. leucocephala invade tropical rain forests.
Methods The pioneer community of tropical rain forest which had been invaded by L. leucocephala in the Baopoling Mountain, Sanya, China was the research object. Through the t-test, we compared the differences in key functional traits that were related to growth rate (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate) and drought stress tolerance (leaf turgor loss point) in both wet and dry seasons between L. leucocephala and eight dominant native species of pioneer community of tropical rain forest. And the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate whether these functional traits can best discriminate between Leucaena leucocephala and the eight dominant native species.
Important findings Leucaena leucocephala could be invariably growing fast (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate much higher than native species) from wet to dry seasons and had higher drought stress tolerance (leaf turgor loss point much lower than native species) in the dry season. The results of PCA showed that these functional traits could significantly discriminate between L. leucocephala and the eight dominant native species. Therefore, invariable fast-growing from wet to dry season and high drought stress tolerance in the dry season make L. leucocephala successfully invade pioneer communities of tropical rain forests. In the future, these functional traits can be used to select many native species to perform biological control of L. leucocephala in other tropical forests.

Key words: drought stress tolerance, fast-growing, functional trait, invasion, pioneer community of tropical rain forest

罗金环, 谭照远, 陈斌, 陈广武, 姜凯, 何奇芳, 张辉. 银合欢成功入侵热带雨林先锋群落的关键因素. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(12): 1215-1223. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0137

LUO Jin-Huan, TAN Zhao-Yuan, CHEN Bin, CHEN Guang-Wu, JIANG Kai, HEI Qi-Fang, ZHANG Hui. Key characteristics for facilitating Leucaena leucocephala to successfully invade pioneer communities of tropical rain forests. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(12): 1215-1223. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0137

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0137

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I12/1215

图/表 6

图1 利用银合欢修复三亚抱坡岭极度退化的热带雨林前后的抱坡岭景观。

Fig. 1 Baopoling landscapes before and after using Leucaena leucocephala to perform reforestation in the extremely degraded tropical rain forest.

图2 银合欢从种植到入侵邻近热带雨林先锋群落的过程。

Fig. 2 Detail processes for describing how Leucaena leucocephala successfully invades the adjacent pioneer community of tropical rain forest.

图3 银合欢和三亚抱坡岭8个本地优势种在干湿季时的4种功能性状之间的差异(平均值+标准误差)。***, p < 0.05; NS, p > 0.05。

Fig. 3 Differences in four functional traits between dry and wet season for Leucaena leucocephala and the eight dominant native species in the Baopoling Mountain, Sanya, China (mean + SE). ***, p < 0.05; NS, p > 0.05.

图4 银合欢和三亚抱坡岭8个本地优势种在4种功能性状上的差异(平均值+标准误差)。 A, 银合欢; B, 土蜜树; C, 美叶菜豆树; D, 赤才; E, 石斑木; F, 翻白叶树; G, 瓜馥木; H, 九节; I, 葨芝。***, p < 0.05; NS, p > 0.05。

Fig. 4 Differences in four functional traits between Leucaena leucocephala and each of the eight dominant native plant species in the Baopoling Mountain, Sanya, China (mean + SE). A, Leucaena leucocephala; B, Bridelia tomentosa; C, Radermachera frondosa; D, Lepisanthes rubiginosa; E, Rhaphiolepis indica; F, Pterospermum heterophyllum; G, Fissistigma oldhamii; H, Psychotria asiatica; I, Maclura cochinchinensis. ***, p < 0.05; NS, p > 0.05

图5 银合欢和三亚抱坡岭8个本地优势种基于4种功能性状的主成分分析。 A, 干季。B, 湿季。

Fig. 5 Principal component analysis of the four functional traits between Leucaena leucocephala and the eight doimant native plant species in the Baopoling Mountain, Sanya, China. A, Dry season. B, Wet season.

表1 银合欢和三亚抱坡岭8个本地优势种基于4种功能性状的主成分分析前两轴

Table 1 The first two axes of a principal component analysis for Leucaena leucocephala and the eight dominant native species in the Baopoling Mountain, Sanya, China, based on four plant functional traits

功能性状 Functional trait	轴1 PC1	轴2 PC2
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	0.51	-0.16
最大光合速率 Maximum photosynthesis rate	0.77	-0.15
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	0.58	-0.19
叶片膨压丧失点 Leaf turgor loss point	0.11	0.53

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银合欢成功入侵热带雨林先锋群落的关键因素

Key characteristics for facilitating Leucaena leucocephala to successfully invade pioneer communities of tropical rain forests

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