南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种对增温的生理生态适应能力比较

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0318

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1203-1214.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0318

南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种对增温的生理生态适应能力比较

李旭, 吴婷, 程严, 谭钠丹, 蒋芬, 刘世忠, 褚国伟, 孟泽, 刘菊秀^*()

中国科学院华南植物园退化生态系统植被恢复与管理重点实验室, 广州 510650

收稿日期:2020-09-21 接受日期:2020-11-04 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2021-04-01
通讯作者: 刘菊秀
作者简介:*(ljxiu@scbg.ac.cn)
李旭: ORCID:0000-0002-7618-2141
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41977287);国家自然科学基金(41991285);广东省财政专项林业项目(环境变化对野生植物多样性影响的监测研究)

Ecophysiological adaptability of four tree species in the southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest to warming

LI Xu, WU Ting, CHENG Yan, TAN Na-Dan, JIANG Fen, LIU Shi-Zhong, CHU Guo-Wei, MENG Ze, LIU Ju-Xiu^*()

Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China

Received:2020-09-21 Accepted:2020-11-04 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2021-04-01
Contact: LIU Ju-Xiu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977287);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991285);Special Forestry Project of Guangdong Province (Monitoring and Research on the Impact of Environmental Change on wild Plant Diversity)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以红枝蒲桃(Syzygium rehderianum)、海南红豆(Ormosia pinnata)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)和木荷(Schima superba) 4种南亚热带常绿阔叶林典型树种为研究对象, 采用红外-箱式增温的方法, 研究4个树种叶片气孔性状(表征气孔调节能力)、叶片解剖结构(表征叶片组织调节能力)和光合特征(表征养分维持能力)对增温的响应情况, 比较不同树种在增温背景下的生理生态适应能力, 为预测该地区森林植物在全球变暖情形下的生长变化趋势提供理论依据。结果表明: 增温后, 红枝蒲桃叶片海绵组织厚度减小, 且光合氮利用效率(PNUE)和光合磷利用效率(PPUE)降低; 海南红豆气孔导度增大、气孔密度减小以及叶片厚度和栅栏组织厚度减小, 同时光合速率、PNUE和PPUE升高; 红锥气孔大小缩小, 但光合速率不变; 木荷气孔增大而密度减小, 栅栏组织厚度减小, 光合速率、PNUE和PPUE降低。综上所述, 红枝蒲桃、海南红豆和木荷能够通过降低叶片厚度来适应高温环境, 不同物种的气孔调节、养分维持、光合速率和光合养分利用效率对增温的响应存在差异。增温有利于固氮植物海南红豆的生长, 但不利于传统优势树种木荷和红枝蒲桃的生长。因此, 在未来气候变暖的情况下, 固氮植物海南红豆由于具有较强的适应能力, 在南亚热带常绿阔叶林中可能会取代木荷和红枝蒲桃等成为新的优势树种。

关键词: 模拟增温, 气孔大小, 气孔密度, 叶片解剖, 光合作用, 亚热带植物

Abstract:

Aims The subject of this study was to investigate warming effects on leaf stomatal traits, anatomical structure and photosynthetic traits of four common tree species in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of southern China, and to compare their physiological adaptability to warming. Our study aims to provide a theoretical basis for better predicting the tree growth of native forests in a warming climate.
Methods One-year-old seedlings of Syzygium rehderianum, Ormosia pinnata, Castanopsis hystrix and Schima superba were selected and exposed to two levels of temperature (ambient temperature and infrared heater warming). Leaf stomatal traits, anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics were measured to represent the abilities of stomatal regulation, leaf tissue regulation and nutrient maintenance, respectively.
Important findings For Syzygium rehderianum, warming decreased its leaf sponge tissue thickness, photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) and photosynthetic phosphorous-use efficiency (PPUE). Seedling of O. pinnata exposed to warming showed increased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, PNUE and PPUE, but decreased stomatal density, leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness. For C. hystrix, warming decreased the stomata size, but did not affect its photosynthetic rate. Seedling of Schima superba exposed to warming showed lower stomata density, leaf palisade tissue thickness, photosynthetic rate, PNUE and PPUE, but higher stomata size. These results suggested that O. pinnata, Syzygium rehderianum and Schima superba could reduce their leaf thickness to acclimate to warming conditions. The abilities of stomatal regulation, nutrient maintenance, photosynthetic rate and PNUE varied among these tree species. Warming would be beneficial for the growth of O. pinnata due to increased photosynthetic rate, PNUE and PPUE, while not for Syzygium rehderianum and Schima superba, the two dominant tree species of native forests. This study indicated that, with projected climate change, O. pinnata may replace Syzygium rehderianum and Schima superba as a new dominant tree species in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest for its stronger adaptability to warming.

Key words: infrared heating, stomatal size, stomatal density, leaf anatomical structure, photosynthesis, subtropical tree species

李旭, 吴婷, 程严, 谭钠丹, 蒋芬, 刘世忠, 褚国伟, 孟泽, 刘菊秀. 南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种对增温的生理生态适应能力比较. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(12): 1203-1214. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0318

LI Xu, WU Ting, CHENG Yan, TAN Na-Dan, JIANG Fen, LIU Shi-Zhong, CHU Guo-Wei, MENG Ze, LIU Ju-Xiu. Ecophysiological adaptability of four tree species in the southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest to warming. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(12): 1203-1214. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0318

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0318

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I12/1203

图/表 10

图1 南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种的叶片解剖性状和气孔特征。 CT, 角质层厚度; LT, 叶片厚度; LET, 下表皮厚度; PT, 栅栏组织; ST, 海绵组织厚度; UET, 上表皮厚度。

Fig. 1 Leaf anatomical structure and stomatal characteristics of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. CT, cuticle thickness; LET, lower epidermis thickness; LT, leaf thickness; PT, palisade tissue thickness; ST, spongy tissue thickness; UET, upper epidermis thickness.

图2 对照和增温环境下大气温度、土壤温度和土壤体积含水量的变化(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 2 Dynamics of air temperature, soil temperature and soil volumetric water content at 5 cm depth in the control and warming sites (mean ± SE).

图3 增温对南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种的气孔导度(Gs)、气孔密度(SD)和气孔大小(SS)的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 6)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Effects of warming on stomatal conductance (Gs), stomatal density (SD), and stomatal size (SS) of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (mean + SE, n = 6).*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

表1 增温(W)、树种(S)及其交互作用对南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种叶片解剖结构和光合特性的双因素方差分析

Table 1 Effects of warming (W), tree species (S) and their interactions on the leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic characters of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

因子 Item	气孔导度 G_s	气孔密度 SD	气孔大小 SS	叶片厚度 LT	栅栏组织厚度 PT	海绵组织厚度 ST	上表皮厚度 UET	下表皮厚度 LET	角质层厚度 CT	光合速率 P_n	蒸腾速率 T_r	水分利用效率 WUE	光合氮利用效率 PNUE	光合磷利用效率 PPUE
W	0.838	6.385^*	0.156	5.248^*	14.160^***	0.000	1.358	0.147	0.177	6.973^*	3.558	0.370	3.692	4.172
S	4.670^*	377.401^***	115.697^***	0.572	1.176	0.678	82.049^***	64.682^***	23.588^***	9.032^**	1.878	19.357^***	2.250	0.001
W × S	8.638^**	12.526^***	0.075	1.187	0.022	3.409	0.005	2.552	0.056	17.443^***	9.874^**	0.186	8.099^*	20.012^***

图4 增温对南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种叶片厚度(LT)、栅栏组织厚度(PT)和海绵组织厚度(ST)的影响的箱型图。图中的数据节点依次为上限、上四分位数、中位数、下四分位数和下限。圆圈为数据点。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n = 9。

Fig. 4 Box plots illustrating the effects of warming on leaf thickness (LT), palisade tissue thickness (PT) and sponge tissue thickness (ST) of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Whiskers of box plots indicates upper extreme, upper quartile, median, lower quartile and lower extreme, respectively. Each circle represents one individual tree. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n = 9.

图5 增温对南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种叶片上、下表皮厚度(UET、LET)和角质层厚度(CT)的影响的箱型图。图中的数据节点依次为上限、上四分位数、中位数、下四分位数和下限。圆圈为数据点。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n = 9。

Fig. 5 Box plots illustrating the effects of warming on leaf upper epidermis thickness (UET), lower epidermis thickness (LET) and cuticle thickness (CT) of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Whiskers of box plots indicates upper extreme, upper quartile, median, lower quartile and lower extreme, respectively. Each circle represents one individual tree. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n = 9.

图6 增温对南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 6)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 6 Effects of warming on photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE) of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in 2018 and 2019 (mean + SE, n = 6). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图7 增温对南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种的光合氮利用效率(PNUE)和光合磷利用效率(PPUE)的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 6)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 7 Effects of warming on the photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) and photosynthetic phosphorous-use efficiency (PPUE) of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in 2018 and 2019 (mean + SE, n = 6). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

表2 增温和对照条件下南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种光合速率和气孔导度的关系(一元线性回归)

Table 2 Relationship between photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance under control and warming environments of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (unary linear regression)

树种 Species	处理 Treatment	斜率 Slope	截距 Intercept	R²	p
红枝蒲桃 Syzygium rehderianum	对照 Control	20.057	6.463	0.319	0.109
红枝蒲桃 Syzygium rehderianum	增温 Warming	20.178	4.252	0.162	0.076
海南红豆 Ormosia pinnata	对照 Control	123.374	-0.843	0.492	0.021
海南红豆 Ormosia pinnata	增温 Warming	-8.698	9.819	0.039	0.490
红锥 Castanopsis hystrix	对照 Control	20.228	4.090	0.530	0.007
红锥 Castanopsis hystrix	增温 Warming	18.066	3.978	0.159	0.070
木荷 Schima superba	对照 Control	31.071	7.561	0.462	0.009
木荷 Schima superba	增温 Warming	35.576	5.570	0.410	0.003

表3 南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种叶片解剖结构特征与光合特征相关关系

Table 3 Correlations between leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic characters of four tree species in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

变量 Variable	光合速率 P_n	气孔导度 G_s	蒸腾速率 T_r	水分利用效率 WUE	光合氮利用效率 PNUE	光合磷利用效率 PPUE
气孔密度 SD	0.350^*	0.080	0.113	-0.198	0.270	0.337^*
气孔大小 SS	-0.241	-0.126	-0.155	0.018	-0.146	-0.100
叶片厚度 LT	-0.033	0.217	0.159	-0.079	-0.203	-0.159
栅栏组织厚度 PT	-0.010	0.212	0.154	-0.015	-0.177	-0.124
海绵组织厚度 ST	-0.077	0.145	0.065	-0.396^**	-0.262	-0.189
上表皮厚度 UET	0.095	-0.199	-0.075	0.035	0.252	0.054
下表皮厚度 LET	-0.400^**	-0.115	-0.208	-0.121	-0.359^*	-0.364^*
角质层厚度 CT	0.166	0.163	0.088	-0.006	0.111	-0.011

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南亚热带常绿阔叶林4个树种对增温的生理生态适应能力比较

Ecophysiological adaptability of four tree species in the southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest to warming

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