降水控制对侧柏液流变化特征及其水分来源的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0244

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 1585-1599.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0244

降水控制对侧柏液流变化特征及其水分来源的影响

张潇¹, 武娟娟¹, 贾国栋¹^,²^,^*(), 雷自然¹, 张龙齐¹, 刘锐¹, 吕相融¹, 代远萌¹

¹北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
²水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-06-10 接受日期:2022-12-03 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-22
通讯作者: *贾国栋(jiaguodong@bjfu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42277062);国家自然科学基金(42230714)

Effects of precipitation variations on characteristics of sap flow and water source of Platycladus orientalis

ZHANG Xiao¹, WU Juan-Juan¹, JIA Guo-Dong¹^,²^,^*(), LEI Zi-Ran¹, ZHANG Long-Qi¹, LIU Rui¹, LÜ Xiang-Rong¹, DAI Yuan-Meng¹

¹School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-06-10 Accepted:2022-12-03 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-22
Contact: *JIA Guo-Dong(jiaguodong@bjfu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42277062);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230714)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北方土石山区因年内降水不均, 常出现季节性干旱。探究降水对侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)液流特征与水分来源的影响, 对构建稳定生态系统具有重要意义。该研究以北京山区侧柏人工林为研究对象, 利用热扩散式边材液流探针技术(TDP)和氢氧同位素示踪技术对不同控水处理的侧柏进行观测, 同步监测气象、土壤水分含量等环境因子。结果表明: (1)侧柏液流量呈现二倍降水与自然降水>一半降水>无降水。(2)降水增加土壤相对有效含水率(REW), 进而提高侧柏液流对环境因子的响应程度, 侧柏液流主要受饱和水汽压差(VPD)的影响, 太阳辐射(R_s)与风速(WS)影响程度较低。(3)侧柏水分来源特征随降水梯度呈规律性变化, 随土壤含水量升高, 其水分来源逐步向浅层土壤转变。对比降水前后, 除无降水区内侧柏水分来源无明显变化外, 其他处理区侧柏均在降水后增加了对0-40 cm土壤水的利用比例, 当降水后自然降水区与二倍降水区的土壤处于相对含水量较高时期, 这种变化更为明显。综上所述, 侧柏根据降水和土壤水分的变化调整液流运动和吸水深度, 这种自适应特性有利于其度过极端干旱胁迫和生存。

关键词: 树木液流, 降水变化, 水分来源, 环境因子

Abstract:

Aims Seasonal drought often occurs in the northern rocky mountainous area due to annual variation in precipitation. Exploring the effects of changes in precipitation on the sap flow characteristics and water sources of Platycladus orientalis is of great significance for structuring a stable ecosystem.

Methods In this study, the plantation of P. orientalis in the rocky mountainous area of Beijing was taken as the research target. The thermal dissipation probe (TDP) and hydrogen/oxygen isotope tracer technology were used to observe the P. orientalisunder different watering treatments. Meteorological, soil moisture, and other environmental factors were simultaneously monitored.

Important findings The results showed that natural precipitation and double precipitation > half precipitation > no precipitation were the main characteristics of P. orientalis sap flow. Precipitation increased the relative effective water content (REW) of soil, thereby stimulated the response of P. orientalis sap flow to environmental factors. Platycladus orientalis sap flow is mainly affected by the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and the impact of solar radiation (R_s) and wind speed (WS) is relatively low. The water source of P. orientalis changed with precipitation amounts. When the soil water content increased, its water source gradually changed to shallow soil. Compared with precipitation before, P. orientalis have increased the utilization ratio of 0-40 cm soil water after precipitation, except that P. orientalis in no precipitation treatment that exhibited no noticeable change. This change is more pronounced in natural precipitation and double precipitation treatments where a period of high relative water content after precipitation was more evident. To sum up, P. orientalis can adjust sap flow and the depth of water absorption from soil in responses to the changes in precipitation and soil moisture. This self-adaptive characteristic is conducive for trees to survive the extreme drought.

Key words: tree sap flow, precipitation variation, water source, environmental factor

张潇, 武娟娟, 贾国栋, 雷自然, 张龙齐, 刘锐, 吕相融, 代远萌. 降水控制对侧柏液流变化特征及其水分来源的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(11): 1585-1599. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0244

ZHANG Xiao, WU Juan-Juan, JIA Guo-Dong, LEI Zi-Ran, ZHANG Long-Qi, LIU Rui, LÜ Xiang-Rong, DAI Yuan-Meng. Effects of precipitation variations on characteristics of sap flow and water source of Platycladus orientalis. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(11): 1585-1599. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0244

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0244

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I11/1585

图/表 9

图1 北京山区侧柏人工林降水控制实验装置示意图。EB, 二倍降水; WU, 无降水; YB, 一半降水; ZR, 自然降水。

Fig. 1 Diagram of precipitation control experiment of Platycladus orientalis plantation in Beijing mountain area. EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation.

表1 北京山区侧柏液流测定样木信息(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Trees of Platycladus orientalis for sap flow measurements in the rocky mountainous area of Beijing (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	样树编号 Sample tree No.	胸径 DBH (cm)	边材面积 Sapwood area (cm²)	树高 Tree height (m)
WU	1-3	13.38 ± 0.47	197.27 ± 14.54	16.08 ± 0.63
YB	4-6	13.33 ± 0.26	195.36 ± 8.05	16.95 ± 1.78
ZR	7-9	13.30 ± 0.36	194.48 ± 11.04	15.36 ± 0.61
EB	10-12	13.39 ± 0.50	197.56 ± 15.13	17.25 ± 0.79

图2 北京山区侧柏人工林观测期间土壤含水量与气象因子逐日变化。

Fig. 2 Daily variation of soil water content and meteorological factors during observation of Platycladus orientalis plantation in the rocky mountainous area of Beijing.

图3 四种降水水平下侧柏每日液流量与降水量的日变化。A, 无降水。B, 一半降水。C, 自然降水。D, 二倍降水。

Fig. 3 Diurnal variation of daily sap flow and precipitation of Platycladus orientalis under four precipitation treatments. A, No precipitation. B, Half of the precipitation. C, Natural precipitation. D, Double precipitation.

图4 观测期间4种处理下侧柏液流密度与环境因子日变化。

Fig. 4 Daily changes of sap flow density of Platycladus orientalis and environmental factors of the four treatments during the observation period.

图5 观测期间6次降水事件前后不同处理下侧柏的液流量(平均值±标准误)。A, 8月9日。B, 8月14日。C, 8月19日。D, 9月4日。E, 9月14日。F, 9月19日。不同大写字母表示同一处理降水前后差异显著, 不同小写字母表示不同处理降水前或降水后的差异显著(p < 0.05)。EB, 二倍降水; WU, 无降水; YB, 一半降水; ZR, 自然降水。

Fig. 5 Sap flow (Q) of Platycladus orientalis under different treatments before and after 6 precipitation events during the observation period (mean ± SE). A, 9 August. B, 14 August. C, 19 August. D, 4 September. E, 14 September. F, 19 September. Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference before and after precipitation in the same treatment, and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference before or after precipitation in different treatments (p < 0.05). EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation.

图6 三场降水前后北京山区土壤含水量变化(平均值±标准误)。A, 9月14日。B, 8月19日。C, 9月19日。YH, 降水后; YQ, 降水前。SWC-H, 土壤水分相对较高时期(REW ≥ 0.4); SWC-L, 土壤水分相对较低时期(REW < 0.4)。EB, 二倍降水; WU, 无降水; YB, 一半降水; ZR, 自然降水。

Fig. 6 Changes of soil water content before and after three precipitation events in Beijing mountain area (mean ± SE). A, 14 September. B, 19 August. C, 19 September. YH, after precipitation; YQ, before precipitation. SWC-H, period of relatively high soil moisture (REW ≥ 0.4); SWC-L, period of relatively low soil moisture (REW < 0.4). EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation.

图7 三场降水前后4种控水处理下环境因子对侧柏液流密度的残差贡献率。A, 9月14日。B, 8月19日。C, 9月19日。Rs, 太阳辐射; VPD, 饱和水汽压差; WS, 风速。YH, 降水后; YQ, 降水前。EB, 二倍降水; WU, 无降水; YB, 一半降水; ZR, 自然降水。

Fig. 7 Residual contribution rate of environmental factors to flow density of Platycladus orientalis under four water control treatments before and after three precipitationl event. A, 14 September. B, 19 August. C, 19 September. Rs, solar radiation; VPD, vapor pressure deficit; WS, wind speed. YH, after precipitation; YQ, before precipitation. EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation.

图8 9月4日降水前后不同水分来源对侧柏利用水分的贡献率。EB, 二倍降水; WU, 无降水; YB, 一半降水; ZR, 自然降水。REW, 土壤相对有效含水率; YH, 降水后; YQ, 降水前。

Fig. 8 Contribution rate of different water sources to Platycladus orientalis before and after precipitation on September 4. EB, double precipitation; WU, no precipitation; YB, half of the precipitation; ZR, natural precipitation. REW, relative effective water content of soil; YH, after precipitation; YQ, before precipitation.

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降水控制对侧柏液流变化特征及其水分来源的影响

Effects of precipitation variations on characteristics of sap flow and water source of Platycladus orientalis

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