Effects of warming on soil phosphorus fractions and their contributions to available phosphorus in south subtropical forests

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0263

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Phosphorus (P) is generally considered to be the important limiting element for forest ecosystem productivity. The availability of soil P depends on the existing fractions of P and their transformation processes. Many researches showed that warming increases soil available P concentration. However, it is still uncertain that how warming increases soil available P concentration through regulating the P cycle processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of warming on concentration of different soil P fractions and to explore the relationships between different soil P fractions and available P concentration, thus identifying the important P fractions contributing to the increased available P concentration and its corresponding mechanisms under warming.
Methods A field warming experiment was conducted by translocating model forest ecosystems from 300 m to 30 m in south subtropical area. Soils with different treatments at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm depth were collected, respectively, and then different soil P fractions were separated by continuous extraction method applied in acid soils. The correlation analysis and path analysis were performed to explore the relationships between different soil P fractions and available P concentration in the soils.
Important findings The results showed that warming significantly increased the concentrations of inorganic P associated with calcium (Ca-Pi) at 0-10 cm depth and inorganic P concentration associated with iron (Fe-Pi) and total inorganic P concentration at 20-40 cm depth by 65.5%, 17.9% and 18.5%, respectively. However, it had no significant effects on total organic P and all organic P fractions. The correlation analysis results showed that available P concentration was significantly positively correlated with all inorganic P fractions and organic P associated with aluminum and iron. Furthermore, the correlation between available P and Fe-Pi concentration was the strongest. In addition, the path analysis highlights that inorganic P associated with aluminum and Fe-Pi were the important intermediate transitional P fractions in the conversion process of soil P, and Fe-Pi was the greatest direct contributor to the increased available P. Based on the results of previous studies, we propose that warming probably not only increased the input of plant litter P to soil P, but also strengthened desorption and dissolution processes, facilitating more dissolved P converted to moderately available P fractions including Fe-Pi and Ca-Pi. Furthermore, Fe-Pi may become the most important contributor of available P in south subtropical forests under warming.

Key words: warming, phosphorus fractions, available phosphorus, adsorption-desorption process, dissolution- precipitation process, path analysis

JIANG Fen, HUANG Juan, CHU Guo-Wei, CHENG Yan, LIU Xu-Jun, LIU Ju-Xiu, LIE Zhi-Yang. Effects of warming on soil phosphorus fractions and their contributions to available phosphorus in south subtropical forests[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(2): 197-206.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0263

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2021/V45/I2/197

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Soil temperature and water content of different soil layers under control and warming treatments in south subtropical forests (mean + SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 1 Results (p values) of two-way ANOVA about the effects of warming, soil layer and their interactions on concentrations of different soil phosphorus (P) fractions in south subtropical forests

	NH₄Cl-Pi	Al-Pi	Fe-Pi	Ca-Pi	O-Pi	Al-Po	Fe-Po	O-Po	Pi	Po	Pt
W	0.487	0.473	<0.01	<0.05	0.571	0.794	0.264	0.076	<0.05	0.093	<0.05
L	<0.05	<0.01	<0.001	0.067	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.855	<0.001	<0.05	<0.001
W × L	0.740	0.942	0.963	0.270	0.817	<0.05	0.690	0.737	0.986	0.667	0.814

Fig. 2 Concentrations of different soil phosphorus (P) fractions of three soil layers under control and warming treatments in south subtropical forests (mean + SE, n = 3). Al-Pi, inorganic P associated with aluminum; Al-Po, organic P associated with aluminum; Ca-Pi, inorganic P associated with calcium; Fe-Pi, inorganic P associated with iron; Fe-Po, organic P associated with iron; NH4Cl-Pi, NH4Cl extracted P; O-Pi, inorganic occluded P; O-Po, organic occluded P; Pi, total inorganic P; Po, total organic P; Pt, total P. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05)

Table 2 Correlation coefficients among concentrations of different soil phosphorus (P) fractions in south subtropical forests

	AP	NH₄Cl-Pi	Al-Pi	Fe-Pi	Ca-Pi	O-Pi	Al-Po	Fe-Po
NH₄Cl-Pi	0.668^**
Al-Pi	0.852^**	0.402
Fe-Pi	0.916^**	0.690^**	0.865^**
Ca-Pi	0.536^*	0.494^*	0.556^*	0.661^**
O-Pi	0.738^**	0.417	0.810^**	0.754^**	0.428
Al-Po	0.667^**	0.421	0.569^*	0.667^**	0.136	0.717^**
Fe-Po	0.676^**	0.215	0.789^**	0.743^**	0.394	0.773^**	0.609^**
O-Po	0.022	0.007	0.052	0.227	0.217	-0.044	0.129	0.283

Table 3 Path analysis of concentrations of different soil phosphorus (P) fractions to available P concentration in south subtropical forests

因子 Factor	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	X₁→Y	X₂→Y	X₃→Y	X₄→Y	X₅→Y	X₆→Y	X₇→Y	X₈→Y
X₁→	0.166		0.138	0.384	-0.022	-0.065	0.056	-0.012	-0.001
X₂→	0.343	0.067		0.481	-0.025	-0.126	0.076	-0.045	-0.008
X₃→	0.556	0.115	0.297		-0.030	-0.118	0.089	-0.042	-0.035
X₄→	-0.045	0.082	0.191	0.378		-0.067	0.018	-0.022	-0.033
X₅→	-0.156	0.069	0.278	0.419	-0.019		0.096	-0.044	0.007
X₆→	0.134	0.070	0.195	0.371	-0.006	-0.112		-0.035	-0.020
X₇→	-0.057	0.035	0.271	0.413	-0.018	-0.121	0.082		-0.044
X₈→	-0.154	0.001	0.018	0.126	-0.010	0.007	0.017	-0.016

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