Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 430-441.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0135
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Qian YANG1,2,Wei WANG2*(),Hui ZENG1,2*()
Online:
2018-04-20
Published:
2018-03-21
Qian YANG, Wei WANG, Hui ZENG. Effects of nitrogen addition on the plant diversity and biomass of degraded grasslands of Nei Mongol, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(4): 430-441.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0135
Fig. 1 Study area and the spatial distribution of study sites. EDG, extremely degraded grassland; MDG, moderately degraded grassland; SDG, severely degraded grassland.
名称 Term | 极度退化草地 EDG | 重度退化草地 SDG | 中度退化草地 MDG |
---|---|---|---|
物种组成 Species composition | 羊草、黄囊薹草、马唐、狗尾草、沙蓬藜等 Leymus chinensis; Carex korshinskyi; Digitaria sanguinalis; Setaria viridis; Agriophyllum squarrosum; Chenopodium acuminatum et al. | 拂子茅、贝加尔针茅、硬质早熟禾、黄囊薹草、腺毛委陵菜、星毛委陵菜、冷蒿、紫羊茅、冰草、狼毒、糙隐子草、阿尔泰狗娃花等 Calamagrostis epigeios; Stipa baicalensis; Poa sphondylodes; Carex korshinskyi; Potentilla longifolia; Potentilla acaulis; Artemisia frigida; Festuca rubra; Agropyron cristatum; Stellera chamaejasme; Cleistogenes squarrosa; Heteropappus altaicus et al. | 拂子茅、贝加尔针茅、羊草、硬质早熟禾、腺毛委陵菜、黄囊薹草、冷蒿、紫羊茅、冰草、糙隐子草、阴山胡枝子、阿尔泰狗娃花等 Calamagrostis epigeios; Stipa baicalensis; Leymus chinensis; Poa sphondylodes; Potentilla longifolia; Carex korshinskyi; Artemisia frigida; Festuca rubra; Agropyron cristatum; Cleistogenes squarrosa; Lespedeza inschanica; Heteropappus altaicus et al. |
顶极种相对盖度 Relative coverage of climax species (%) | 34.48 | 39.53 | 54.05 |
退化指示种相对盖度 Relative coverage of degradation indicators (%) | 34.48 | 32.56 | 29.73 |
一年生植物相对盖度 Relative coverage of annuals (%) | 31.04 | 27.91 | 16.22 |
土壤全碳 Soil total carbon (%) | 0.83 | 1.67 | 2.06 |
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (%) | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
砂粒含量 Sand content (%) | 66.10 | 57.30 | 58.40 |
草地退化指数 Grassland degradation index | 0.379 | 0.543 | 0.642 |
Table 1 Plant and soil characteristics at the experimental sites
名称 Term | 极度退化草地 EDG | 重度退化草地 SDG | 中度退化草地 MDG |
---|---|---|---|
物种组成 Species composition | 羊草、黄囊薹草、马唐、狗尾草、沙蓬藜等 Leymus chinensis; Carex korshinskyi; Digitaria sanguinalis; Setaria viridis; Agriophyllum squarrosum; Chenopodium acuminatum et al. | 拂子茅、贝加尔针茅、硬质早熟禾、黄囊薹草、腺毛委陵菜、星毛委陵菜、冷蒿、紫羊茅、冰草、狼毒、糙隐子草、阿尔泰狗娃花等 Calamagrostis epigeios; Stipa baicalensis; Poa sphondylodes; Carex korshinskyi; Potentilla longifolia; Potentilla acaulis; Artemisia frigida; Festuca rubra; Agropyron cristatum; Stellera chamaejasme; Cleistogenes squarrosa; Heteropappus altaicus et al. | 拂子茅、贝加尔针茅、羊草、硬质早熟禾、腺毛委陵菜、黄囊薹草、冷蒿、紫羊茅、冰草、糙隐子草、阴山胡枝子、阿尔泰狗娃花等 Calamagrostis epigeios; Stipa baicalensis; Leymus chinensis; Poa sphondylodes; Potentilla longifolia; Carex korshinskyi; Artemisia frigida; Festuca rubra; Agropyron cristatum; Cleistogenes squarrosa; Lespedeza inschanica; Heteropappus altaicus et al. |
顶极种相对盖度 Relative coverage of climax species (%) | 34.48 | 39.53 | 54.05 |
退化指示种相对盖度 Relative coverage of degradation indicators (%) | 34.48 | 32.56 | 29.73 |
一年生植物相对盖度 Relative coverage of annuals (%) | 31.04 | 27.91 | 16.22 |
土壤全碳 Soil total carbon (%) | 0.83 | 1.67 | 2.06 |
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (%) | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
砂粒含量 Sand content (%) | 66.10 | 57.30 | 58.40 |
草地退化指数 Grassland degradation index | 0.379 | 0.543 | 0.642 |
响应 Response | 名称 Term | df | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
物种丰富度 Species richness | DT | 2 | 40.64 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 8.50 | <0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 2.27 | 0.035 | |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | DT | 2 | 12.84 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 5.06 | 0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 1.50 | 0.179 | |
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass | DT | 2 | 42.08 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 9.53 | <0.001 | |
DT×N | 10 | 1.30 | 0.264 |
Table 2 Results of two-way ANOVA on the effects of nitrogen (N) on plant species richness, species diversity and aboveground biomass under different levels of degradations
响应 Response | 名称 Term | df | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
物种丰富度 Species richness | DT | 2 | 40.64 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 8.50 | <0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 2.27 | 0.035 | |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | DT | 2 | 12.84 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 5.06 | 0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 1.50 | 0.179 | |
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass | DT | 2 | 42.08 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 9.53 | <0.001 | |
DT×N | 10 | 1.30 | 0.264 |
Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen addition on plant species richness (A) and species diversity (B) at different degraded grasslands (mean ± SE). The letters indicted significant differences in Duncan’s multiple (p < 0.05) range tests based on one-way ANOVA; NS indicates non-significant (p > 0.05). For each site, regression confidents were estimated based on linear models with nitrogen treatment as the independent variables (species richness = Intercept + slope × nitrogen addition amount). NS, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. EDG, extremely degraded grassland; MDG, moderately degraded grassland; SDG, severely degraded grassland.
Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen addition on aboveground biomass (A) and aboveground biomass response ratio (B) at different degraded communities (mean ± SE). The letters indicate significantly different in Duncan’s multiple (p < 0.05) range tests from one-way ANOVA. For each site, regression coefficients were estimated by using a linear model with N treatment as the independent variable (aboveground biomass = intercept + slope × nitrogen addition amount). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. EDG, extremely degraded grassland; MDG, moderately degraded grassland; SDG, severely degraded grassland.
响应 Response | 名称 Term | df | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
禾草生物量 Grass biomass | DT | 2 | 11.70 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 11.76 | <0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 0.72 | 0.696 | |
禾草百分比 Grass percentage (%) | DT | 2 | 12.70 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 7.34 | <0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 0.81 | 0.616 | |
杂类草生物量 Forb biomass | DT | 2 | 28.28 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 1.13 | 0.358 | |
DT × N | 10 | 1.35 | 0.238 | |
杂类草百分比 Forb percentage (%) | DT | 2 | 12.35 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 7.01 | <0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 0.80 | 0.738 |
Table 3 Results of two-way ANOVA on the effects of nitrogen (N)-treatment and degradation type on aboveground biomass of plant functional groups and their proportions of the community aboveground biomass
响应 Response | 名称 Term | df | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
禾草生物量 Grass biomass | DT | 2 | 11.70 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 11.76 | <0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 0.72 | 0.696 | |
禾草百分比 Grass percentage (%) | DT | 2 | 12.70 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 7.34 | <0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 0.81 | 0.616 | |
杂类草生物量 Forb biomass | DT | 2 | 28.28 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 1.13 | 0.358 | |
DT × N | 10 | 1.35 | 0.238 | |
杂类草百分比 Forb percentage (%) | DT | 2 | 12.35 | <0.001 |
N | 5 | 7.01 | <0.001 | |
DT × N | 10 | 0.80 | 0.738 |
Fig. 4 Change in aboveground biomass (mean ± SE) with nitrogen addition on aboveground biomass by plant function groups under three levels of degraded grassland. The different letters indicate significant differences in Duncan’s multiple (p < 0.05) range tests from one-way ANOVA, NS indicates non-significant (p > 0.05). EDG, extremely degraded grassland; MDG, moderately degraded grassland; SDG; severely degraded grassland.
Fig. 5 Proportion of aboveground biomass in the total biomass varied with nitrogen addition, plant functional groups (grass vs forb), and degradation level (mean ± SE). The different letters indicate the significant difference from the Duncan’s multiple (p < 0.05) range tests (one-way ANOVA). EDG, extremely degraded grassland; MDG, moderately degraded grassland; SDG, severely degraded grassland.
Fig. 6 Change in Gini coefficiesed on the asymmetry of plant functional groups height with nitrogen addition rate at grasslands under three different levels of degradations (mean ± SE). EDG, extremely degraded grassland; MDG, moderately degraded grassland; SDG, severely degraded grassland.
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