植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1267-1275.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0146
所属专题: 生态化学计量
雍艳华, 张霞, 王绍明, 吴玲*
出版日期:
2016-12-10
发布日期:
2016-12-30
通讯作者:
吴玲
基金资助:
Yan-Hua YONG, Xia ZHANG, Shao-Ming WANG, Ling WU*
Online:
2016-12-10
Published:
2016-12-30
Contact:
Ling WU
摘要:
对盐生植物体内器官盐分积累和碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征的研究, 有助于了解盐生植物养分、盐分的分配机制和其对盐渍环境的适应策略。该文选择新疆4种典型的真盐生植物(3种灌木植物: 盐节木(Halocnemum strobilaceum)、小叶碱蓬(Suaeda microphylla)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum), 1种草本植物: 盐角草(Salicornia europaea)为研究对象, 对比研究了它们的根、茎、叶中的盐分积累和C、N、P化学计量特征以及二者间的相关性。结果显示: 1)在生长旺盛期, 4种盐生植物体内盐分积累可形成“盐岛”效应(Na+、Cl-和电导率随盐离子从植物根部向顶端运输过程呈显著增加的趋势)。2) 4种盐生植物中灌木群落的生长主要受到P的限制; 草本群落的生长受N和P (偏P)共同限制。3)器官、物种和二者的交互作用均能影响盐生植物的盐分(除Mg2+外)特征和C、N、P生态化学计量特征。4) 4种盐生植物C与N、P之间显著负相关, N与P之间显著正相关。5)盐生植物体内总盐分、Na+和K+与N、N:P之间呈显著正相关关系, 与C、C:N、C:P之间呈显著负相关关系, 而K+和CO32-与P之间却显著正相关。盐生植物体内盐分和养分在应对盐渍环境上存在一定的相互促进关系, 增施N肥有助于盐生植物对氯化物盐渍土的脱盐。这些发现为了解盐渍生境中盐生植物的生理生态适应及盐渍土的改良提供一定的理论依据。
雍艳华, 张霞, 王绍明, 吴玲. 新疆典型盐生植物营养器官盐分积累与生态化学计量特征. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(12): 1267-1275. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0146
Yan-Hua YONG, Xia ZHANG, Shao-Ming WANG, Ling WU. Salt accumulation in vegetative organs and ecological stoichiometry characteristics in typical halophytes in Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(12): 1267-1275. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0146
图1 4种盐生植物不同部位盐离子浓度和电导率的变化(平均值±标准偏差, n = 51)。A, 盐节木。B, 小叶碱蓬。C, 盐角草。D, 盐爪爪。同行不同字母表示同种植物不同部位差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 1 Changes in salt ion concentrations and electrical conductivity (EC) in different organs of the four halophytes (mean ± SD, n = 51). A, Halocnemum strobilaceum. B, Suaeda microphylla. C, Salicornia europaea. D, Kalidium foliatum. Different letters in the same row represent significant differences in different organ of the same plant (p < 0.05).
参数 Parameter | 器官 Organs | 物种 Species | 器官 × 物种 Organs × Species | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | F | p | F | p | |
CO32- | 364.369 | 0.000 | 72.175 | 0.000 | 44.579 | 0.000 |
HCO32- | 6.517 | 0.001 | 8.954 | 0.000 | 5.310 | 0.000 |
Cl- | 1 010.369 | 0.000 | 572.659 | 0.000 | 96.583 | 0.000 |
SO42- | 52.412 | 0.000 | 52.390 | 0.000 | 10.354 | 0.000 |
Ca2+ | 25.744 | 0.000 | 95.178 | 0.000 | 25.199 | 0.000 |
Mg2+ | 3.834 | 0.011 | 0.909 | 0.447 | 1.343 | 0.252 |
Na+ | 463.381 | 0.000 | 137.768 | 0.000 | 39.592 | 0.000 |
K+ | 57.699 | 0.000 | 37.648 | 0.000 | 15.198 | 0.000 |
EC | 3 052.023 | 0.000 | 1 126.740 | 0.000 | 220.069 | 0.000 |
C | 91.426 | 0.000 | 32.904 | 0.000 | 4.699 | 0.000 |
N | 883.924 | 0.000 | 32.904 | 0.000 | 4.699 | 0.000 |
P | 317.373 | 0.000 | 118.515 | 0.000 | 86.413 | 0.000 |
C:N | 167.700 | 0.000 | 43.131 | 0.000 | 5.884 | 0.000 |
C:P | 149.945 | 0.000 | 54.053 | 0.000 | 25.577 | 0.000 |
N:P | 63.942 | 0.000 | 141.600 | 0.000 | 56.690 | 0.000 |
表1 植物器官和物种对盐生植物盐离子、电导率(EC)和总有机碳、全氮、全磷及其化学计量比影响的方差分析
Table 1 Analysis of variance on salt ions, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon, total N, total P and stoichiometric ratios of the halophyte organs and species
参数 Parameter | 器官 Organs | 物种 Species | 器官 × 物种 Organs × Species | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | F | p | F | p | |
CO32- | 364.369 | 0.000 | 72.175 | 0.000 | 44.579 | 0.000 |
HCO32- | 6.517 | 0.001 | 8.954 | 0.000 | 5.310 | 0.000 |
Cl- | 1 010.369 | 0.000 | 572.659 | 0.000 | 96.583 | 0.000 |
SO42- | 52.412 | 0.000 | 52.390 | 0.000 | 10.354 | 0.000 |
Ca2+ | 25.744 | 0.000 | 95.178 | 0.000 | 25.199 | 0.000 |
Mg2+ | 3.834 | 0.011 | 0.909 | 0.447 | 1.343 | 0.252 |
Na+ | 463.381 | 0.000 | 137.768 | 0.000 | 39.592 | 0.000 |
K+ | 57.699 | 0.000 | 37.648 | 0.000 | 15.198 | 0.000 |
EC | 3 052.023 | 0.000 | 1 126.740 | 0.000 | 220.069 | 0.000 |
C | 91.426 | 0.000 | 32.904 | 0.000 | 4.699 | 0.000 |
N | 883.924 | 0.000 | 32.904 | 0.000 | 4.699 | 0.000 |
P | 317.373 | 0.000 | 118.515 | 0.000 | 86.413 | 0.000 |
C:N | 167.700 | 0.000 | 43.131 | 0.000 | 5.884 | 0.000 |
C:P | 149.945 | 0.000 | 54.053 | 0.000 | 25.577 | 0.000 |
N:P | 63.942 | 0.000 | 141.600 | 0.000 | 56.690 | 0.000 |
生活型 Life form | 群落 Community | 器官 Organ | C (g·kg-1) | N ( g·kg-1) | P ( g·kg-1) | C:N | C:P | N:P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
半灌木Subshrub | 盐节木 Halocnemum strobilaceum | 根 Root | 510.24 ± 10.01a | 10.47 ± 0.09a | 1.84 ± 0.02a | 58.37 ± 3.04a | 735.72 ± 42.34a | 12.60 ± 0.13b |
老茎 Old stem | 398.92 ± 6.07b | 10.00 ± 0.74b | 1.42 ± 0.07b | 46.68 ± 2.72b | 728.25 ± 38.87a | 15.65 ± 1.55b | ||
嫩茎 Yong stem | 278.31 ± 10.52c | 24.58 ± 0.13b | 1.74 ± 0.04a | 13.21 ± 0.57c | 414.74 ± 25.79b | 31.37 ± 0.62a | ||
小叶碱蓬 Halocnemum strobilaceum | 根 Root | 514.22 ± 46.59ab | 9.94 ± 0.13c | 1.03 ± 0.01c | 60.32 ± 4.83a | 1288.97 ± 106.46a | 21.44 ± 2.11ab | |
下部茎 The lower stem | 497.76 ± 6.07ab | 8.72 ± 0.12d | 1.02 ± 0.05c | 64.24 ± 1.61a | 1213.49 ± 74.16a | 18.88 ± 0.70b | ||
中部茎 The middle stem | 510.24 ± 16.07a | 8.70 ± 0.34d | 1.72 ± 0.05b | 68.52 ± 4.76a | 764.68 ± 36.85b | 11.18 ± 0.44c | ||
上部茎 The upper stem | 397.59 ± 23.86b | 12.59 ± 0.18b | 2.55 ± 0.09a | 36.83 ± 1.70b | 402.71 ± 32.97c | 10.92 ± 0.46c | ||
叶 Leaf | 295.54 ± 15.05c | 27.65 ± 0.14a | 2.58 ± 0.02a | 12.47 ± 0.59c | 296.19 ± 17.33c | 23.75 ± 0.32a | ||
小灌木Undershrub | 盐爪爪 Kalidium foliatum | 根 Root | 487.71 ± 12.15a | 7.93 ± 1.18d | 1.41 ± 0.02b | 72.73 ± 10.30a | 895.60 ± 24.38a | 12.50 ± 1.94b |
下部茎 The lower stem | 440.00 ± 40.81ab | 9.31 ± 0.55b | 0.81 ± 0.01c | 55.29 ± 6.21a | 1405.72 ± 144.23a | 25.49 ± 1.72a | ||
中部茎 The middle stem | 461.20 ± 38.34a | 10.79 ± 0.92cd | 0.90 ± 0.05c | 50.09 ± 5.77a | 1326.79 ± 178.27ab | 26.60 ± 3.41a | ||
上部茎 The upper stem | 371.08 ± 18.79b | 19.12 ± 1.91b | 1.34 ± 0.00b | 22.73 ± 1.34b | 716.54 ± 36.28b | 31.65 ± 3.15a | ||
叶 Leaf | 336.63 ± 10.01b | 22.51 ± 0.18ab | 2.02 ± 0.01a | 17.54 ± 0.61b | 430.08 ± 13.85c | 24.64 ± 0.28a | ||
一年生草本 Annual herb | 盐角草 Salicornia europaea | 根 Root | 397.59 ± 28.67a | 5.57 ± 0.16b | 2.09 ± 0.23a | 83.39 ± 6.27a | 496.43 ± 85.60b | 5.94 ± 0.72c |
下部茎 The lower stem | 398.92 ± 20.40a | 5.88 ± 0.15b | 1.29 ± 0.05c | 79.27 ± 6.08a | 800.65 ± 64.89a | 10.10 ± 0.25b | ||
中部茎 The middle stem | 405.54 ± 39.76ab | 5.75 ± 0.59b | 0.89 ± 0.03b | 83.01 ± 13.90ab | 1176.98 ± 146.72a | 14.26 ± 1.11ab | ||
上部茎 The upper stem | 296.87 ± 25.56b | 11.08 ± 0.23a | 1.62 ± 0.11ab | 31.23 ± 2.22b | 476.89 ± 69.70b | 15.22 ± 1.13a |
表2 4种盐生植物盐离子与化学计量特征的相关系数
Table 2 Correlation coefficients between salt ions and stoichiometry in the four halophytes
生活型 Life form | 群落 Community | 器官 Organ | C (g·kg-1) | N ( g·kg-1) | P ( g·kg-1) | C:N | C:P | N:P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
半灌木Subshrub | 盐节木 Halocnemum strobilaceum | 根 Root | 510.24 ± 10.01a | 10.47 ± 0.09a | 1.84 ± 0.02a | 58.37 ± 3.04a | 735.72 ± 42.34a | 12.60 ± 0.13b |
老茎 Old stem | 398.92 ± 6.07b | 10.00 ± 0.74b | 1.42 ± 0.07b | 46.68 ± 2.72b | 728.25 ± 38.87a | 15.65 ± 1.55b | ||
嫩茎 Yong stem | 278.31 ± 10.52c | 24.58 ± 0.13b | 1.74 ± 0.04a | 13.21 ± 0.57c | 414.74 ± 25.79b | 31.37 ± 0.62a | ||
小叶碱蓬 Halocnemum strobilaceum | 根 Root | 514.22 ± 46.59ab | 9.94 ± 0.13c | 1.03 ± 0.01c | 60.32 ± 4.83a | 1288.97 ± 106.46a | 21.44 ± 2.11ab | |
下部茎 The lower stem | 497.76 ± 6.07ab | 8.72 ± 0.12d | 1.02 ± 0.05c | 64.24 ± 1.61a | 1213.49 ± 74.16a | 18.88 ± 0.70b | ||
中部茎 The middle stem | 510.24 ± 16.07a | 8.70 ± 0.34d | 1.72 ± 0.05b | 68.52 ± 4.76a | 764.68 ± 36.85b | 11.18 ± 0.44c | ||
上部茎 The upper stem | 397.59 ± 23.86b | 12.59 ± 0.18b | 2.55 ± 0.09a | 36.83 ± 1.70b | 402.71 ± 32.97c | 10.92 ± 0.46c | ||
叶 Leaf | 295.54 ± 15.05c | 27.65 ± 0.14a | 2.58 ± 0.02a | 12.47 ± 0.59c | 296.19 ± 17.33c | 23.75 ± 0.32a | ||
小灌木Undershrub | 盐爪爪 Kalidium foliatum | 根 Root | 487.71 ± 12.15a | 7.93 ± 1.18d | 1.41 ± 0.02b | 72.73 ± 10.30a | 895.60 ± 24.38a | 12.50 ± 1.94b |
下部茎 The lower stem | 440.00 ± 40.81ab | 9.31 ± 0.55b | 0.81 ± 0.01c | 55.29 ± 6.21a | 1405.72 ± 144.23a | 25.49 ± 1.72a | ||
中部茎 The middle stem | 461.20 ± 38.34a | 10.79 ± 0.92cd | 0.90 ± 0.05c | 50.09 ± 5.77a | 1326.79 ± 178.27ab | 26.60 ± 3.41a | ||
上部茎 The upper stem | 371.08 ± 18.79b | 19.12 ± 1.91b | 1.34 ± 0.00b | 22.73 ± 1.34b | 716.54 ± 36.28b | 31.65 ± 3.15a | ||
叶 Leaf | 336.63 ± 10.01b | 22.51 ± 0.18ab | 2.02 ± 0.01a | 17.54 ± 0.61b | 430.08 ± 13.85c | 24.64 ± 0.28a | ||
一年生草本 Annual herb | 盐角草 Salicornia europaea | 根 Root | 397.59 ± 28.67a | 5.57 ± 0.16b | 2.09 ± 0.23a | 83.39 ± 6.27a | 496.43 ± 85.60b | 5.94 ± 0.72c |
下部茎 The lower stem | 398.92 ± 20.40a | 5.88 ± 0.15b | 1.29 ± 0.05c | 79.27 ± 6.08a | 800.65 ± 64.89a | 10.10 ± 0.25b | ||
中部茎 The middle stem | 405.54 ± 39.76ab | 5.75 ± 0.59b | 0.89 ± 0.03b | 83.01 ± 13.90ab | 1176.98 ± 146.72a | 14.26 ± 1.11ab | ||
上部茎 The upper stem | 296.87 ± 25.56b | 11.08 ± 0.23a | 1.62 ± 0.11ab | 31.23 ± 2.22b | 476.89 ± 69.70b | 15.22 ± 1.13a |
变量 Variable | C | N | P | C:N | C:P | N:P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO32- | -0.636** | -0.919** | 0.456** | -0.759** | -0.491** | 0.586** |
HCO3- | 0.267 | -0.476** | 0.214 | 0.396** | -0.048 | -0.624** |
Cl- | -0.820** | 0.567** | 0.157 | -0.570 | -0.446** | 0.422** |
SO42- | -0.717** | 0.452** | 0.145 | -0.326* | -0.349* | 0.243 |
Ca2+ | -0.229 | -0.232 | -0.327* | 0.236 | 0.156 | -0.107 |
Mg2+ | -0.378** | 0.347* | 0.365* | -0.354* | -0.458** | 0.058 |
Na+ | -0.807** | 0.792** | 0.270 | -0.706** | -0.478** | 0.580** |
K+ | -0.506** | 0.839** | 0.489** | -0.729** | -0.509** | 0.548** |
EC | -0.865** | 0.719** | 0.268 | -0.658** | -0.505** | 0.493** |
C | 1.000 | -0.635** | -0.429** | 0.682** | 0.682* | -0.319** |
N | -0.635** | 1.000 | 0.497** | -0.906** | -0.548** | 0.639** |
P | -0.429** | 0.497** | 1.000 | -0.437** | -0.887** | -0.233 |
C:N | 0.682** | -0.906** | -0.437** | 1.000 | 0.542** | -0.686** |
C:P | 0.682** | -0.548** | -0.887** | 0.542** | 1.000 | 0.134 |
表3 4种盐生植物盐离子与化学计量特征的相关系数
Table 3 Correlation coefficients between salt ions and stoichiometry in the four halophytes
变量 Variable | C | N | P | C:N | C:P | N:P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO32- | -0.636** | -0.919** | 0.456** | -0.759** | -0.491** | 0.586** |
HCO3- | 0.267 | -0.476** | 0.214 | 0.396** | -0.048 | -0.624** |
Cl- | -0.820** | 0.567** | 0.157 | -0.570 | -0.446** | 0.422** |
SO42- | -0.717** | 0.452** | 0.145 | -0.326* | -0.349* | 0.243 |
Ca2+ | -0.229 | -0.232 | -0.327* | 0.236 | 0.156 | -0.107 |
Mg2+ | -0.378** | 0.347* | 0.365* | -0.354* | -0.458** | 0.058 |
Na+ | -0.807** | 0.792** | 0.270 | -0.706** | -0.478** | 0.580** |
K+ | -0.506** | 0.839** | 0.489** | -0.729** | -0.509** | 0.548** |
EC | -0.865** | 0.719** | 0.268 | -0.658** | -0.505** | 0.493** |
C | 1.000 | -0.635** | -0.429** | 0.682** | 0.682* | -0.319** |
N | -0.635** | 1.000 | 0.497** | -0.906** | -0.548** | 0.639** |
P | -0.429** | 0.497** | 1.000 | -0.437** | -0.887** | -0.233 |
C:N | 0.682** | -0.906** | -0.437** | 1.000 | 0.542** | -0.686** |
C:P | 0.682** | -0.548** | -0.887** | 0.542** | 1.000 | 0.134 |
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