不同密度旱柳的树冠构型与光截获

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0257

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物可以通过调整树冠构型和光截获来增强自身的光合效率和竞争力。在甘肃省张掖市黑河干流边缘的洪泛平原湿地选取I (25-36 Ind.·plot^-1)、II (37-48 Ind.·plot^-1)和III (49-60 Ind.·plot^-1) 3个密度梯度, 研究了不同密度旱柳(Salix matsudana)的冠层厚度、冠层面积和冠层光截获, 以及它们的相互关系。结果表明: 随旱柳种群密度增加, 土壤水分逐渐增加、土壤电导率和水分利用率逐渐减小, 旱柳枝长度与冠层厚度呈逐渐增大的趋势, 光合有效辐射、分枝数、分枝角度与冠层面积呈逐渐减小的趋势, 叶面积指数和光截获、净光合速率和蒸腾速率在中密度样地最大; 旱柳的光截获与冠层厚度和冠层面积在低密度样地分别呈极显著正相关和负相关关系, 在高密度样地呈显著正相关和负相关关系(p < 0.05), 在中密度样地均呈极显著正相关关系(p < 0.01)。旱柳在低密度选择减小光截获与冠层厚度而增大冠层面积的水平空间拓展模式, 在高密度倾向于垂直空间拓展模式, 反映了植物树冠构型在不同生境中的表型可塑性变化。

关键词: 光截获, 冠层厚度, 冠层面积, 密度, 旱柳

Abstract:

Aims Plants can enhance their photosynthetic efficiency and competitiveness by adjusting canopy structure and radiation interception. The objective of this paper was to quantify the relationship between canopy structure (crown depth and crown area) and light interception (LI) in a Salix matsudana stand under three different stand densities in a flood plain of Zhangye.Methods Our study site is located at the Heihe flood plain of Xichengyi in Ganzhou district, Zhangye City, Gansu Province in the middle Heihe River, where S. matsudana is the dominant species. Based on stand density (10 m × 10 m), the S. matsudana community is divided into three types: low density (I, 25-36 Ind.·plot^-1), medium density (II, 37-48 Ind.·plot^-1), and high density (III, 49-60 Ind.·plot^-1). Community characteristics, soil physical and chemical properties of each type were measured. At each plot, we measured photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), LI, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), crown depth, crown area, leaf area index (LAI), twig numbers, twig length, and bifurcation angle. The standardized major axis (SMA) estimation method was used to determine the relationships between LI and canopy structure.Important findings With increasing in stand density, we found that soil moisture increased, and soil electric conductivity decreased, while twig length and crown depth increased, and PAR, twig numbers, bifurcation angle and crown area decreased. LAI and LI, P_n and T_r reached their maximum at the stand of medium density. There was a significant, positive correlation and negative correlation (p < 0.01), respectively, between the LI, crown depth and crown area at low density (I), whereas low significant (p < 0.05) at high density (III), and high significantly positive correlation (p < 0.01) at the medium density (II). S. matsudana has more horizontal branches that reduce LI. Canopy thickness and increased crown area at low density. More vertical distribution of branches at high density, and a more balanced spacial distribution were found at medium density.

Key words: light interception, crown depth, crown area, density, Salix matsudana

陈静, 赵成章, 王继伟, 赵连春. 不同密度旱柳的树冠构型与光截获. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(6): 661-669. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0257

Jing CHEN, Cheng-Zhang ZHAO, Ji-Wei WANG, Lian-Chun ZHAO. Canopy structure and radiation interception of Salix matsudana: Stand density dependent relationships. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(6): 661-669. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0257

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0257

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I6/661

图/表 5

表1 样地分组情况和旱柳种群的生物学特征(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Biological characteristics of Salix matsudana population (mean ± SE) at three stands of variable density

密度分组 Density fractions	密度区间 Density interval (Ind.·plot^-1)	样方数 Number of plots	高度 Height (cm)	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	郁闭度 Crown density (%)
低密度 Low density (I)	25-36	26	398.57 ± 20.63^c	13.06 ± 0.61^a	42.84 ± 2.72^c
中密度 Medium density (II)	37-48	38	454.69 ± 24.05^b	10.72 ± 0.58^b	69.56 ± 3.93^b
高密度 High density (III)	49-60	36	521.23 ± 27.48^a	8.64 ± 0.39^c	87.09 ± 4.37^a

图1 不同密度条件下旱柳种群冠层构型的变化(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示在密度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。I、II、III, 同表1。

Fig. 1 Canopy structure of Salix matsudana by density (mean ± SE). The lowercase letters indicate significant differences among density (p < 0.05). I, II, III, see Table 1.

图2 不同密度旱柳光截获与冠层厚度的关系。I、II、III, 同表1。

Fig. 2 Relationship between light interception and crown depth of Salix matsudana by density. I, II, III, see Table 1.

图3 不同密度旱柳冠层光截获与冠层面积的关系。I、II、III, 同表1。

Fig. 3 Relationship between light interception and crown area of Salix matsudana by density. I, II, III, see Table 1.

表2 不同密度旱柳群落土壤性质与光合性状(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Soil characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of Salix matsudana stand by density (mean ± SE)

	密度 Density
	I	II	III
土壤质量含水量 Mass moisture of soil (%)	31.56 ± 1.52^a	34.83 ± 1.87^a	38.47 ± 2.01^a
土壤电导率 Soil electric conductivity (ms·cm^-1)	7.75 ± 0.41^a	4.09 ± 0.21^b	2.36 ± 0.13^c
光合有效辐射 PAR (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	981.26 ± 50.14^a	740.51 ± 39.08^b	434.67 ± 24.34^c
光截获 LI	0.64 ± 0.03^c	0.81 ± 0.05^a	0.73 ± 0.04^b
净光合速率 P_n(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	10.27 ± 0.53^b	13.69 ± 0.61^a	9.26 ± 0.47^c
蒸腾速率 T_r(mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	4.59 ± 0.23^c	6.52 ± 0.34^a	5.24 ± 0.27^b
水分利用率 WUE (μmol·mmol^-1)	2.34 ± 0.11^a	2.10 ± 0.09^b	1.77 ± 0.08^c

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