蒙古莸叶片解剖结构的地理种源变异及其对环境变化响应的意义

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长期受到生长环境影响而形成的遗传变异对植物生长发育有着显著的影响。叶片是植物对环境变化最敏感的器官, 了解叶片解剖结构在不同环境中产生的适应性变异是探索植物对环境适应的基础。同质园试验是研究遗传与环境因素对植物生长代谢等影响的一种有效方法, 该研究利用同质园试验排除了环境梯度的影响, 通过常规石蜡切片、多重比较、相关性分析、一般线性模型分析等方法, 对7个不同种源地的蒙古莸(Caryopteris mongholica)叶片解剖结构及其影响因素进行了定量比较。结果表明, 7个种源地的蒙古莸叶片均为等面叶, 无海绵组织分化, 其上表皮细胞较下表皮细胞厚, 上栅栏组织较下栅栏组织厚; 叶片各解剖结构参数间存在显著的自相关性, 不同种源叶片解剖结构存在显著差异: 随种源地年平均气温升高, 叶厚度、栅栏组织厚度呈增大趋势, 其中, 最西南部的阿左旗种源蒙古莸叶片的上下栅栏组织、叶厚度及叶片结构紧密度值均最大, 表现出明显的抗旱特征。种源地经纬度、气温、降水等对解剖结构指标有显著的影响, 其解释程度为34.09%-81.43%。同质园试验说明, 种源地气候差异驱动的遗传变异是引起不同种源叶片解剖结构差异的重要因素。

关键词: 蒙古莸, 同质园, 叶片, 解剖结构, 种源, 遗传变异

Abstract:

Aims The genetic variation caused by long-term adaptation to the environment has significant influence on plant’s growth and development. Leaves serve as the most important and sensitive organs to environmental changes. Understanding the adaptive variation of leaf anatomical structure in different environments is the basis for exploring the adaptation of plants to the environment.
Methods Common garden experiment is an effective method to study the effects of genetic and environmental factors on plant growth and metabolism. In this study, the influence of environmental gradients was eliminated by using the common garden experiment. Then we analyzed anatomical structures of leaves and its driving factors of Caryopteris mongholica from seven different provenances by using conventional paraffin section, multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, and general linear model analysis method.
Important findings Caryopteris mongholica from seven provenances had typical isolateral leaves, with no differentiation of spongy tissue, and the upper epidermal cell was thicker than the lower epidermal cell. Meanwhile, the upper palisade tissue was thicker than the lower palisade tissue. There was a significant autocorrelation among anatomical parameters of leaves, and there were important differences among the anatomical structures of leaves from different provenances. With increasing mean annual temperature of provenances, the thickness of the leaves and palisade also showed an increasing trend, and the largest thickness of the upper palisade tissues, lower palisade tissues and leaf thickness were in the leaves of Alxa Left Banner, Nei Mongol, indicating a stronger resistance to drought. The latitude, longitude, temperature and precipitation of different provenances had significant effects on the index of anatomical structure, with the explanatory power from 34.09% to 81.43%. The common garden experiment showed that the genetic variation driven by climate was one of the major factors that caused the difference in anatomical structure of leaves from different provenances.

Key words: Caryopteris mongholica, common garden, leaf, anatomical structure, provenance, genetic variation

纪若璇, 于笑, 常远, 沈超, 白雪卡, 夏新莉, 尹伟伦, 刘超. 蒙古莸叶片解剖结构的地理种源变异及其对环境变化响应的意义. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(3): 277-286. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0117

JI Ruo-Xuan, YU Xiao, CHANG Yuan, SHEN Chao, BAI Xue-Qia, XIA Xin-Li, YIN Wei-Lun, LIU Chao. Geographical provenance variation of leaf anatomical structure of Caryopteris mongholica and its significance in response to environmental changes. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(3): 277-286. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0117

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I3/277

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种源地 Provenances	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降水量 MAP (mm)	年平均气温 MAT (℃)	生长季降水量 GSP (mm)	生长季平均气温 GST (℃)	最冷月平均气温 TCM (℃)	潜在蒸散量 PE (mm)
内蒙古阿巴嘎旗 Abaga Banner Nei Mongol	43.90	115.35	1 177	224.03	2.9	434.71	17.74	-19.85	588.04
内蒙古阿拉善左旗 Alxa Left Banner Nei Mongol	38.88	105.72	1 670	162.54	9.90	315.52	21.05	-7.51	712.81
内蒙古东乌旗 Dongwu Banner Nei Mongol	45.73	116.79	1 017	200.72	2.46	415.46	17.76	-20.52	531.06
内蒙古蒙西 Mengxi Nei Mongol	40.08	106.92	1 193	118.00	8.92	243.64	20.95	-9.58	702.17
内蒙古凉城 Liangcheng Nei Mongol	40.66	112.30	1 429	313.75	5.18	611.46	17.13	-13.17	580.80
陕西神木 Shenmu Shaanxi	39.29	110.33	1 209	369.79	9.78	729.85	20.85	-7.64	706.91
河北康保 Kangbao Hebei	41.99	114.85	1 590	279.72	3.82	556.53	16.78	-15.22	544.06

种源地 Provenances	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降水量 MAP (mm)	年平均气温 MAT (℃)	生长季降水量 GSP (mm)	生长季平均气温 GST (℃)	最冷月平均气温 TCM (℃)	潜在蒸散量 PE (mm)
内蒙古阿巴嘎旗 Abaga Banner Nei Mongol	43.90	115.35	1 177	224.03	2.9	434.71	17.74	-19.85	588.04
内蒙古阿拉善左旗 Alxa Left Banner Nei Mongol	38.88	105.72	1 670	162.54	9.90	315.52	21.05	-7.51	712.81
内蒙古东乌旗 Dongwu Banner Nei Mongol	45.73	116.79	1 017	200.72	2.46	415.46	17.76	-20.52	531.06
内蒙古蒙西 Mengxi Nei Mongol	40.08	106.92	1 193	118.00	8.92	243.64	20.95	-9.58	702.17
内蒙古凉城 Liangcheng Nei Mongol	40.66	112.30	1 429	313.75	5.18	611.46	17.13	-13.17	580.80
陕西神木 Shenmu Shaanxi	39.29	110.33	1 209	369.79	9.78	729.85	20.85	-7.64	706.91
河北康保 Kangbao Hebei	41.99	114.85	1 590	279.72	3.82	556.53	16.78	-15.22	544.06

解剖结构指标 Anatomical indexes	观测数目 Number of observations	平均值 Average	标准偏差 Standard deviation	均值的95%置信区间 95% confidence interval of mean	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	变异系数 Variation coefficient	可塑性指数 Plasticity index
上角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness (μm)	70	6.87	1.66	6.05-7.70	11.92	5.07	0.24	0.57
上表皮细胞厚度 UEC thickness (μm)	70	18.53	5.37	15.86-21.20	26.46	9.87	0.29	0.63
下表皮细胞厚度 LEC thickness (μm)	70	11.14	2.32	9.99-12.30	17.64	8.74	0.21	0.50
上栅栏组织厚度 UPT thickness (μm)	70	106.35	17.94	97.43-115.27	146.64	89.24	0.17	0.39
下栅栏组织厚度 LPT thickness (μm)	70	76.17	13.44	69.48-82.85	109.42	59.57	0.18	0.46
栅栏组织总厚度 PT thickness (μm)	70	182.52	29.16	168.02-197.02	243.12	156.05	0.16	0.36
叶厚度 LT (μm)	70	220.02	25.71	207.24-232.80	270.30	192.34	0.12	0.29
叶片结构紧密度 Tight (%)	70	0.83	0.04	0.80-0.85	0.90	0.74	0.05	0.18

解剖结构指标 Anatomical indexes	观测数目 Number of observations	平均值 Average	标准偏差 Standard deviation	均值的95%置信区间 95% confidence interval of mean	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	变异系数 Variation coefficient	可塑性指数 Plasticity index
上角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness (μm)	70	6.87	1.66	6.05-7.70	11.92	5.07	0.24	0.57
上表皮细胞厚度 UEC thickness (μm)	70	18.53	5.37	15.86-21.20	26.46	9.87	0.29	0.63
下表皮细胞厚度 LEC thickness (μm)	70	11.14	2.32	9.99-12.30	17.64	8.74	0.21	0.50
上栅栏组织厚度 UPT thickness (μm)	70	106.35	17.94	97.43-115.27	146.64	89.24	0.17	0.39
下栅栏组织厚度 LPT thickness (μm)	70	76.17	13.44	69.48-82.85	109.42	59.57	0.18	0.46
栅栏组织总厚度 PT thickness (μm)	70	182.52	29.16	168.02-197.02	243.12	156.05	0.16	0.36
叶厚度 LT (μm)	70	220.02	25.71	207.24-232.80	270.30	192.34	0.12	0.29
叶片结构紧密度 Tight (%)	70	0.83	0.04	0.80-0.85	0.90	0.74	0.05	0.18

种源地 Provenance	上角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness (μm)	上表皮细胞厚度 UEC thickness (μm)	下表皮细胞厚度 LEC thickness (μm)	上栅栏组织厚度 UPT thickness (μm)	下栅栏组织厚度 LPT thickness (μm)	栅栏组织总厚度 PT thickness (μm)	叶厚度 LT (μm)	叶片结构紧密度 Tight (%)
内蒙古阿巴嘎旗 Abaga Banner, Nei Mongol	8.44 ± 1.74^ab	19.63 ± 1.33^ab	13.98 ± 2.08^a	95.13 ± 1.52^cd	63.87 ± 2.15^d	159.01 ± 2.07^d	200.23 ± 0.56^c	0.797 ± 0.012^c
内蒙古阿拉善左旗 Alxa Left Banner, Nei Mongol	5.92 ± 0.76^bc	13.35 ± 1.21^c	9.81 ± 0.54^a	137.94 ± 4.35^a	102.50 ± 4.58^a	240.44 ± 1.56^a	269.52 ± 0.60^a	0.893 ± 0.006^a
内蒙古东乌旗 Dongwu Banner, Nei Mongol	5.83 ± 0.97^bc	22.76 ± 1.23^a	12.81 ± 2.04^a	100.62 ± 6.13^cd	70.81 ± 2.13^bc	171.43 ± 7.51^cd	212.83 ± 7.49^bc	0.803 ± 0.009^bc
内蒙古蒙西 Mengxi, Nei Mongol	5.09 ± 0.20^c	16.19 ± 2.17^bc	10.61 ± 0.69^a	115.80 ± 7.09^b	72.99 ± 0.51^bc	188.79 ± 7.59^c	220.67 ± 8.06^b	0.857 ± 0.007^ab
内蒙古凉城 Liangcheng, Nei Mongol	8.82 ± 0.35^a	23.69 ± 1.27^a	11.29 ± 0.08^a	104.91 ± 3.71^bc	67.20 ± 7.11^bc	172.11 ± 10.46^cd	224.58 ± 2.62^b	0.767 ± 0.038^c
陕西神木 Shenmu, Shaanxi	6.45 ± 0.69^abc	12.42 ± 2.39^c	10.09 ± 1.50^a	90.30 ± 1.11^d	78.22 ± 4.04b	168.52 ± 4.57^d	197.48 ± 5.33^c	0.853 ± 0.001^ab
河北康保 Kangbao, Hebei	6.73 ± 0.80^abc	23.08 ± 1.74^a	10.34 ± 0.85^a	96.90 ± 3.03^cd	68.08 ± 0.17^bc	164.98 ± 2.90^d	211.67 ± 5.12^bc	0.780 ± 0.023^c