火后时间对大兴安岭越橘叶-枝-根非结构性碳水化合物的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0372

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 极端气候引发的火灾对森林生态系统造成严重破坏, 导致树木死亡率急剧上升。非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)能够反映植物对火后环境变化的响应以及自身的适应策略。然而, 目前关于植物不同器官NSC浓度随火后时间的变化规律和响应机制研究较少。该研究采用“空间替代时间”的方法, 在大兴安岭呼中区选取4个不同火烧时间的重度火烧样地和1个临近未火烧样地, 以当地优势灌木越橘(Vaccinium vitis-idaea)为研究对象, 分别采集不同年龄的叶片和枝条(当年生和多年生)、细根和根际土壤样品, 测定越橘各器官的可溶性糖和淀粉浓度、叶片和细根的功能性状特征和土壤属性。结果表明: 越橘不同器官NSC浓度的大小顺序为叶>枝>根; 火后当年生叶可溶性糖浓度显著增加, 而多年生叶淀粉浓度显著增加; 火后2-10年, 当年生枝淀粉浓度显著高于多年生枝; 枝和根的NSC浓度在火后18年仍与未火烧时差异显著。此外, 叶片NSC浓度与土壤pH、比叶面积和叶片氮含量显著负相关; 枝条NSC浓度与火后时间和土壤有效磷含量显著正相关、与细根氮含量显著负相关; 细根NSC浓度与火后时间正相关、与细根氮含量负相关。综上, 越橘叶-枝-根NSC浓度对火后时间的响应具有明显的器官差异性, 这对于准确理解火后恢复过程中植物的生理生态变化特征具有重要意义。

关键词: 林火干扰, 叶龄, 可溶性糖, 土壤属性, 植物性状

Abstract:

Aims In recent years, fires triggered by extreme weather have caused severe damage to forest ecosystems, leading to a sharp increase in tree mortality. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) can reflect the response of plants to post-fire environmental changes and their adaptive strategies. However, few studies have explored the changing patterns and response mechanisms of NSC concentrations in different plant organs with time post fire.

Methods In the Huzhong area of the Da Hinggan Mountains, four severely burned plots at different burn times and one adjacent unburned plot were selected using the “space for time” method. The local dominant shrub species, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, was chosen, and the leaves and branches of different ages (current year and perennial), fine roots and rhizosphere soil samples were collected, further determining organ soluble sugar and starch concentrations, functional traits of leaves and fine roots, and the soil properties.

Important findings The order of NSC concentrations in different organs of V. vitis-idaea was leaves > branches > fine roots. The soluble sugar concentration of current year leaves increased significantly after fire, whereas the starch concentration of perennial leaves increased remarkably. The starch concentration of current year branches was significantly higher than that of perennial branches from 2 to 10 years post fire. The NSC concentrations of branches and fine roots 18 years post fire differed substantially from those at unburned plot. In addition, leaf NSC concentration was negatively correlated with soil pH, leaf specific area and leaf nitrogen content. Furthermore, branch NSC concentration was positively correlated with time post fire and soil available phosphorus content, but negatively correlated with fine root nitrogen content. Fine root NSC concentration was positively correlated with time post fire while negatively correlated with fine root nitrogen content. In conclusion, the responses of V. vitis-idaea NSC concentrations to time post fire varied among organs, which is of great significance to accurately understanding the physiological and ecological changes of plants during post fire recovery.

Key words: forest fire disturbance, leaf age, soluble sugar, soil properties, plant trait

陆磊琴, 孙龙, 宋宇轩, 杨光, 蔡慧颖. 火后时间对大兴安岭越橘叶-枝-根非结构性碳水化合物的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2105-2118. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0372

LU Lei-Qin, SUN Long, SONG Yu-Xuan, YANG Guang, CAI Hui-Ying. Post-fire time impacts on nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves-branches-roots of Vaccinium vitis-idaea in Da Hinggan Mountains. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(12): 2105-2118. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0372

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0372

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I12/2105

图/表 8

图1 大兴安岭兴安落叶松林火后恢复研究样地分布图。

Fig. 1 Distribution map of study plots for post-fire restoration of Larix gmelinii forests in Da Hinggan Mountains.

图2 越橘不同年龄枝和叶的基本特征。

Fig. 2 Basic characteristics of branches and leaves of different ages of Vaccinium vitis-idaea

图3 越橘叶-枝-根非结构性碳水化合物及其组分浓度随火后时间的变化(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一器官同一组分在不同火烧时间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一时间同一组分不同器官间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK表示未火烧。

Fig. 3 Changes in concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and its components in Vaccinium vitis-idaea leaves-branches-roots with time post fire (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different time in the same organ and component (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between organs in the same time and component (p < 0.05). CK indicates unburned control.

图4 越橘非结构性碳水化合物源-汇浓度随火后时间的变化(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一组分在不同火烧时间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一时间源和汇差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK表示未火烧。虚线表示非结构性碳水化合物源和汇的浓度相等。

Fig. 4 Changes in concentration of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) source-sink in Vaccinium vitis-idaea with time post fire (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different time in the same component (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between source and sink in the same time (p < 0.05). CK indicates unburned control. The dotted line indicates that the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrate sources and sinks are equal.

图5 越橘叶-枝-根非结构性碳水化合物及其组分浓度随火后时间变化的分配。不同小写字母表示同一器官同一组分在不同火烧时间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK表示未火烧。

Fig. 5 Allocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and its components within leaves-branches-roots of Vaccinium vitis-idaea with time post fire. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the same component of the same organ among the time post fire (p < 0.05). CK indicates unburned control.

图6 越橘不同叶龄非结构性碳水化合物及其组分浓度随火后的时间变化(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一器官同一组分在不同火烧时间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一时间同一组分不同叶龄间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK表示未火烧。

Fig. 6 Changes in concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and its components in different leaf ages of Vaccinium vitis-idaea with time post fire (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among time in the same organ and component (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between leaf ages in the same time and component (p < 0.05). CK indicates unburned control.

图7 越橘不同枝龄非结构性碳水化合物及其组分浓度随火后的时间变化(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一器官同一组分在不同火烧时间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一时间同一组分不同枝龄间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK表示未火烧。

Fig. 7 Changes in concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and its components in different age branches of Vaccinium vitis-idaea with time post fire (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among time in the same organ and component (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between branch ages in the same time and component (p < 0.05). CK indicates unburned control.

图8 火后时间、土壤属性和植物性状与越橘叶(A)、枝(B)、根(C)非结构性碳水化合物及其组分浓度的冗余分析(RDA)。0、2、5、10、18表示火后时间(a)。黑色箭头为非结构性碳水化合物浓度变量: NSC, 非结构性碳水化合物浓度; SS, 可溶性糖浓度; ST, 淀粉浓度。灰色箭头为环境变量: AP, 土壤酸性磷酸酶活性; AvP, 土壤有效磷含量; BG, 土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性; LDMC, 干物质含量; LeafN, 叶片氮含量; LeafP, 叶片磷含量; NAG, 土壤N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性; NH4+-N, 土壤铵态氮; NO3--N, 土壤硝态氮; pH, 土壤酸碱度; RootN, 细根氮含量; RootP, 细根磷含量; SLA, 比叶面积; Time since fire, 火后时间。

Fig. 8 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship among time, soil properties, plant traits and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and its components of leaves (A), branches (B) and roots (C) of Vaccinium vitis-idaea. 0, 2, 5, 10, 18 denote the time since fire. The black arrow represents NSC components: NSC, non-structural carbohydrates concentration; SS, soluble sugar concentration; ST, starch concentration. The gray arrow represents environmental variables: AP, soil acid phosphatase activity; AvP, soil available phosphorus; BG, soil β-glucosidase activity; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LeafN, leaf nitrogen content; LeafP, leaf phosphorus content; NAG, soil N-acetyl-β-glucosidase activity; NH4+-N, Soil ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, Soil nitrate nitrogen; pH, Soil acidity and alkalinity; RootN, fine root nitrogen content; RootP, fine root phosphorus content. SLA, specific leaf area; Time since fire, time post fire.

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