浙江西天目山主要森林类型的苔藓多样性比较

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00550

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苔藓是森林的重要组分, 是森林保护区的重要保护对象, 在物种资源和生态系统功能维护中有重要作用。该研究以浙江西天目山国家自然保护区内7种主要森林类型(落叶矮林、落叶阔叶林、常绿-落叶阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林和竹林)内的苔藓植物为对象, 调查了32个10 m × 10 m的样地, 记录地面生苔藓植物盖度和树附生苔藓植物多度, 采用重要值、相似性系数、多样性指数分析了森林类型间的苔藓植物多样性差异。共采集969份标本, 隶属41科84属142种, 其中苔类植物13科18属33种, 藓类植物28科66属109种, 优势科为灰藓科、青藓科和羽藓科。2种混交林(常绿-落叶阔叶混交林和针阔混交林)的物种丰富度和多样性指数均高于其余5种森林, 其中物种丰富度以针阔混交林最高, 苔藓植物多样性则以常绿-落叶阔叶混交林最高, 竹林两者均为最低。海拔等环境因子较为接近的植被类型的苔藓植物多样性相似性较高, 常绿阔叶林与针叶林相似性最高, 而落叶矮林和竹林相似性最小。

关键词: 苔藓植物, 多样性, 森林植被类型, 物种多样性指数, S?rensen相似性指数

Abstract:

Aims Bryophytes are an important component of forest vegetation. Their species diversity is vital to protecting plant resources and ecosystem diversity. Our objective was to explore the diversity and distribution of bryophytes and the relationship between bryophyte diversity and environment factors in seven dominant forest vegetation types (deciduous broad-leaved shrubs, DBS; deciduous broad-leaved forest, DBF; evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, EDF; evergreen broad-leaved forest, EBF; coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest, CBF; coniferous forest, CF; bamboo forest, BF) of West Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, China.
Methods Thirty-two sites (10 m × 10 m) were established in the seven forest vegetation types. Sixteen plots were selected by systematic sampling in each sampling site. Coverage of floor bryophytes and abundance of epiphytic bryophytes of each site were recorded. Species richness, importance value, diversity index and Sørensen’s similarity index were examined at the different vegetation types.
Important findings Based on collection and identification of a total of 969 specimens, we recorded 142 bryophytes belonging to 82 genera and 41 families, among which were 33 liverworts belonging to 18 genera of 33 families and 109 mosses belonging to 66 genera of 28 families. Hypanceae, Brachytheciaceae and Thuidiaceae were three dominant families. The species richness and diversity of bryophytes in two kinds of mixed forest types (EDF and CBF) were higher than the five pure forest types (DBS, DBF, EBF, CF and BF). EDF had the highest species diversity and CBF had the highest species richness. BF was lowest in both diversity and richness. There was high similarity between environment factors such as neighboring altitudinal forest types, with the highest value between EBF and CF, and the lowest value between DBS and BF. The number of microhabitats showed significant positive correlation with floor bryophyte diversity.

Key words: bryophyte plant, diversity, forest vegetation type, species diversity index, S?rensen similarity index

汪岱华, 王幼芳, 左勤, 李敏, 吴文英, 黄建花, 赵明水. 浙江西天目山主要森林类型的苔藓多样性比较. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(6): 550-559. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00550

WANG Dai-Hua, WANG You-Fang, ZUO Qin, LI Min, WU Wen-Ying, HUANG Jian-Hua, ZHAO Ming-Shui. Bryophyte species diversity in seven typical forests of the West Tianmu Mountain in Zhe- jiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(6): 550-559. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00550

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00550

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I6/550

图/表 7

参考文献 37

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编号 No.	植被类型 Forest type	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Aspect
1	落叶矮林 DBS	119°25′79′′	30°20′32′′	1 239	W
2	落叶矮林 DBS	119°25′39′′	30°20′40′′	1 310	NW
3	落叶矮林 DBS	119°25′30′′	30°20′53′′	1 462	SE
4	落叶矮林 DBS	119°25′20′′	30°20′58′′	1 484	E
5	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°26′57′′	30°19′05′′	400	S
6	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°27′00′′	30°19′26′′	450	SW
7	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°26′56′′	30°19′24′′	407	W
8	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°27′01′′	30°19′33′′	510	W
9	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°27′05′′	30°19′34′′	469	SW
10	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°26′51′′	30°19′21′′	361	SW
11	常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 EDF	119°54′31′′	30°20′35′′	1 154	W
12	常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 EDF	119°25′59′′	30°20′32′′	1 116	SE
13	常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 EDF	119°26′05′′	30°20′32′′	1 131	NE
14	常绿阔叶林 EBF	119°26′13′′	30°19′54′′	600	N
15	常绿阔叶林 EBF	119°26′09′′	30°20′06′′	709	E
16	常绿阔叶林 EBF	119°26′14′′	30°19′55′′	543	NE
17	针阔混交林 CBF	119°26′34′′	30°19′19′′	349	NW
18	针阔混交林 CBF	119°26′15′′	30°20′33′′	1 099	NE
19	针阔混交林 CBF	119°25′51′′	30°20′25′′	1 072	NE
20	针阔混交林 CBF	119°26′16′′	30°19′51′′	549	NW
21	针阔混交林 CBF	119°26′51′′	30°19′22′′	375	SW
22	针叶林 CF	119°25′47′′	30°20′21′′	1 053	SE
23	针叶林 CF	119°26′21′′	30°19′42′′	461	E
24	针叶林 CF	119°26′28′′	30°19′30′′	391	NE
25	针叶林 CF	119°26′59′′	30°19′26′′	433	SE
26	针叶林 CF	119°26′56′′	30°19′28′′	382	SE
27	针叶林 CF	119°26′51′′	30°19′24′′	361	SW
28	竹林 BF	119°26′24′′	30°19′28′′	428	S
29	竹林 BF	119°26′51′′	30°19′25′′	368	N
30	竹林 BF	119°26′23′′	30°19′37′′	426	E
31	竹林 BF	119°26′26′′	30°19′28′′	453	SE
32	竹林 BF	119°26′25′′	30°19′28′′	441	SW

编号 No.	植被类型 Forest type	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Aspect
1	落叶矮林 DBS	119°25′79′′	30°20′32′′	1 239	W
2	落叶矮林 DBS	119°25′39′′	30°20′40′′	1 310	NW
3	落叶矮林 DBS	119°25′30′′	30°20′53′′	1 462	SE
4	落叶矮林 DBS	119°25′20′′	30°20′58′′	1 484	E
5	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°26′57′′	30°19′05′′	400	S
6	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°27′00′′	30°19′26′′	450	SW
7	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°26′56′′	30°19′24′′	407	W
8	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°27′01′′	30°19′33′′	510	W
9	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°27′05′′	30°19′34′′	469	SW
10	落叶阔叶林 DBF	119°26′51′′	30°19′21′′	361	SW
11	常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 EDF	119°54′31′′	30°20′35′′	1 154	W
12	常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 EDF	119°25′59′′	30°20′32′′	1 116	SE
13	常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 EDF	119°26′05′′	30°20′32′′	1 131	NE
14	常绿阔叶林 EBF	119°26′13′′	30°19′54′′	600	N
15	常绿阔叶林 EBF	119°26′09′′	30°20′06′′	709	E
16	常绿阔叶林 EBF	119°26′14′′	30°19′55′′	543	NE
17	针阔混交林 CBF	119°26′34′′	30°19′19′′	349	NW
18	针阔混交林 CBF	119°26′15′′	30°20′33′′	1 099	NE
19	针阔混交林 CBF	119°25′51′′	30°20′25′′	1 072	NE
20	针阔混交林 CBF	119°26′16′′	30°19′51′′	549	NW
21	针阔混交林 CBF	119°26′51′′	30°19′22′′	375	SW
22	针叶林 CF	119°25′47′′	30°20′21′′	1 053	SE
23	针叶林 CF	119°26′21′′	30°19′42′′	461	E
24	针叶林 CF	119°26′28′′	30°19′30′′	391	NE
25	针叶林 CF	119°26′59′′	30°19′26′′	433	SE
26	针叶林 CF	119°26′56′′	30°19′28′′	382	SE
27	针叶林 CF	119°26′51′′	30°19′24′′	361	SW
28	竹林 BF	119°26′24′′	30°19′28′′	428	S
29	竹林 BF	119°26′51′′	30°19′25′′	368	N
30	竹林 BF	119°26′23′′	30°19′37′′	426	E
31	竹林 BF	119°26′26′′	30°19′28′′	453	SE
32	竹林 BF	119°26′25′′	30°19′28′′	441	SW

编号 No	科名 Family	属数 Genus number	占总属数的百分数 Percentage of total genera (%)	种数 Species number	占总种数的百分数 Percentage of total species (%)
1	灰藓科 Hypnaceae	8	9.64	14	9.93
2	青藓科 Brachytheciaceae	6	7.23	13	9.22
3	羽藓科 Thuidiaceae	4	4.82	8	5.67
4	曲尾藓科 Dicranaceae	5	6.02	7	4.96
5	凤尾藓科 Fissidentaceae	1	1.20	7	4.96
6	绢藓科 Entodontacae	1	1.20	7	4.96
7	锦藓科 Sematophyllaceae	4	4.82	6	4.26
8	细鳞苔科 Lejeuneaceae	4	4.82	5	3.55
9	牛舌藓科 Anomodontaceae	3	3.61	5	3.55
10	光萼苔科 Porellaceae	2	2.41	5	3.55
	总计 Total	38	45.78	77	54.61

编号 No	科名 Family	属数 Genus number	占总属数的百分数 Percentage of total genera (%)	种数 Species number	占总种数的百分数 Percentage of total species (%)
1	灰藓科 Hypnaceae	8	9.64	14	9.93
2	青藓科 Brachytheciaceae	6	7.23	13	9.22
3	羽藓科 Thuidiaceae	4	4.82	8	5.67
4	曲尾藓科 Dicranaceae	5	6.02	7	4.96
5	凤尾藓科 Fissidentaceae	1	1.20	7	4.96
6	绢藓科 Entodontacae	1	1.20	7	4.96
7	锦藓科 Sematophyllaceae	4	4.82	6	4.26
8	细鳞苔科 Lejeuneaceae	4	4.82	5	3.55
9	牛舌藓科 Anomodontaceae	3	3.61	5	3.55
10	光萼苔科 Porellaceae	2	2.41	5	3.55
	总计 Total	38	45.78	77	54.61

	森林类型 Forest type
	落叶矮林 DBS	落叶阔叶林 DBF	常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 EDF	常绿阔叶林 EBF	针阔混交林 CBF	针叶林 CF	竹林 BF
落叶矮林 DBS		19	15	12	18	12	2
落叶阔叶林 DBF	20.21%		25	23	35	26	9
常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 EDF	15.63%	20.49%		24	33	24	7
常绿阔叶林 EBF	15.79%	22.55%	23.08%		32	27	9
针阔混交林 CBF	17.65%	27.34%	25.38%	29.09%		27	12
针叶林 CF	15.38%	25.00%	22.64%	31.40%	24.11%		10
竹林 BF	3.85%	11.54%	8.75%	15.00%	13.95%	16.13%