氮沉降对黄河三角洲芦苇湿地土壤呼吸的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00053

植物生态学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 517-529.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00053

所属专题：生态系统碳水能量通量

氮沉降对黄河三角洲芦苇湿地土壤呼吸的影响

朱敏^1,²,张振华¹,于君宝²,吴立新³,韩广轩^2,^*(),杨利琼²,邢庆会²,谢宝华²,毛培利²,王光美²

¹鲁东大学地理与规划学院, 山东烟台 264025
²中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室, 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东烟台 264003
³黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局, 山东东营 257091

收稿日期:2013-02-26 接受日期:2013-01-25 出版日期:2013-02-26 发布日期:2013-06-05
通讯作者: 韩广轩
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC-02B01);国家自然科学基金项目(41271236);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-223)

Effect of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in Phragmites australis wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China

ZHU Min^1,²,ZHANG Zhen-Hua¹,YU Jun-Bao²,WU Li-Xin³,HAN Guang-Xuan^2,^*(),YANG Li-Qiong²,XING Qing-Hui²,XIE Bao-Hua²,MAO Pei-Li²,WANG Guang-Mei²

¹College of Geography and Planing, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
²Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
³Administration Bureau of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, Dongying, Shandong 257091, China

Received:2013-02-26 Accepted:2013-01-25 Online:2013-02-26 Published:2013-06-05
Contact: HAN Guang-Xuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2012年6月至2012年10月, 对黄河三角洲芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地进行了模拟氮沉降试验, 氮沉降水平分别为对照(CK, 0 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)、低氮(LN, 50 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)和高氮(HN, 100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)。利用LI-8100土壤碳通量测量系统测定土壤呼吸速率。结果表明, 氮沉降促进了芦苇湿地土壤呼吸作用, LN和HN处理使芦苇生长季(6-10月)平均土壤呼吸速率比CK分别提高19%和58%。积水改变了芦苇湿地土壤呼吸日动态。地面无积水时, 各处理土壤呼吸日动态均呈单峰型曲线; 地面有积水时, 土壤呼吸日动态峰值推后或无单峰型波动规律。积水影响土壤呼吸作用对温度的响应。地面无积水时, 各处理土壤呼吸速率均与气温呈极显著的正指数相关关系, 气温分别解释了CK、LN和HN处理下土壤呼吸季节变化的69.9%、64.5%和59.9%; 地面有积水时, 各处理土壤呼吸与气温相关性不显著。CK、LN和HN处理下土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数Q₁₀值分别为1.68、1.75和1.68, 表明LN处理增强了土壤呼吸温度敏感性, HN处理对其影响不显著。

关键词: 氮沉降, 芦苇湿地, 土壤呼吸, 黄河三角洲

Abstract:

Aims Atmospheric nitrogen deposition derived from fossil-fuel combustion, fertilization, land clearing and biomass burning is occurring over almost the entire world. As an important ecosystem, wetland in industrialized regions has experienced greater rates of nitrogen deposition in recent decades. Our objectives were to determine the effect of increased nitrogen deposition on the diurnal and seasonal variation of soil respiration in a reed (Phragmites australis) wetland and to relate the variation to environmental and biological factors.
Methods From June to October 2012, we conducted a simulated nitrogen deposition field experiment in a reed wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China. The levels of nitrogen deposition were control (CK), low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN) with 0, 50 and 100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. Soil respiration was measured during the growing season by using a LI-8100 soil CO₂ efflux system.
Important findings Nitrogen deposition promoted soil respiration in the reed wetland during the entire growing season. Compared with CK, the LN and HN treatments increased the average rates of soil respiration by 19% and 58%, respectively. Surface ponding had a significant effect on the diurnal variation patterns of soil respiration. When there was no surface ponding, the diurnal variation of soil respiration in different treatments all showed “a unimodal” pattern. When surface ponding occurred, the diurnal variation of soil respiration did not show a unimodal pattern or the peak value of soil respiration rate was delayed. In addition, response of soil respiration to air temperature was affected by surface ponding. When there was no surface ponding, soil respiration exhibited a significantly positive exponential relationship with air temperature, which explained 69.9%, 64.5% and 59.9% of the seasonal variation of soil respiration in CK, LN and HN, respectively. However, there was no significant relationship between soil respiration and air temperature when surface ponding occurred. The Q₁₀ (temperature sensitivity coefficients of soil respiration) of CK, LN and HN were 1.68, 1.75 and 1.68, respectively, suggesting that low nitrogen deposition increases the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration and high nitrogen deposition has no significant influence on it.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, reed wetland, soil respiration, Yellow River Delta

朱敏,张振华,于君宝,吴立新,韩广轩,杨利琼,邢庆会,谢宝华,毛培利,王光美. 氮沉降对黄河三角洲芦苇湿地土壤呼吸的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(6): 517-529. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00053

ZHU Min,ZHANG Zhen-Hua,YU Jun-Bao,WU Li-Xin,HAN Guang-Xuan,YANG Li-Qiong,XING Qing-Hui,XIE Bao-Hua,MAO Pei-Li,WANG Guang-Mei. Effect of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in Phragmites australis wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(6): 517-529. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00053

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00053

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I6/517

图/表 12

图1 2012年芦苇生长季中气象因子及各处理芦苇地上部分生物量的季节变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。A,气温、5 cm和10 cm深度土壤温度。B, 降水量。C, 10 cm和20 cm深度土壤湿度。D, 各处理芦苇地上部分生物量的季节变化。

Fig. 1 Seasonal variations of meteorological factors and aboveground biomass of Phragmites australis among different treatments during the growing season in 2012 (mean ± SE, n = 3). A, Air temperature and soil temperature (5 and 10 cm depth). B, Precipitation. C, Soil moisture (10 and 20 cm depth). D, Seasonal variations of aboveground biomass of P. australis among different treatments.

表1 各处理土壤理化性质对比(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Comparisons of soil physical and chemical properties in different treatments (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (%)	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (%)	全氮 Total nitrogen (%)	全碳 Total carbon (%)	有机碳 Organic carbon (%)
CK	0-10	1.19 ± 0.11^b	0.76 ± 0.18^a	0.06 ± 0.00^ab	1.57 ± 0.02^ab	0.42 ± 0.04^c
LN	0-10	2.00 ± 0.12^a	1.85 ± 0.67^a	0.08 ± 0.01^a	1.89 ± 0.13^a	0.98 ± 0.07^a
HN	0-10	2.13 ± 0.22^a	2.01 ± 0.88^a	0.09 ± 0.00^a	1.71 ± 0.10^a	0.84 ± 0.03^b
CK	10-20	1.12 ± 0.09^b	0.60 ± 0.08^a	0.05 ± 0.01^ab	1.38 ± 0.05^b	0.30 ± 0.03^c
LN	10-20	1.92 ± 0.24^a	1.08 ± 0.34^a	0.07 ± 0.01^a	1.80 ± 0.05^a	0.84 ± 0.03^a
HN	10-20	1.81 ± 0.15^a	0.92 ± 0.24^a	0.09 ± 0.01^a	1.85 ± 0.13^a	0.69 ± 0.04^b

图2 地面无积水时芦苇湿地各处理土壤呼吸速率的日动态(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。CK, 0 kg N·hm-2·a-1; LN, 50 kg N·hm-2·a-1; HN, 100 kg N·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 2 Diurnal variations of soil respiration rate in different treatments in Phragmites australis wetland when there is no surface ponding (mean ± SE, n = 3).

图3 地面有积水时芦苇湿地各处理土壤呼吸速率的日动态(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。CK, 0 kg N·hm-2·a-1; LN, 50 kg N·hm-2·a-1; HN, 100 kg N·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 3 Diurnal variations of soil respiration rate in different treatments in Phragmites australis wetland when there is surface ponding (mean ± SE, n = 3).

图4 芦苇湿地各处理土壤呼吸速率的日动态差异性分析(平均值±标准误差, n = 7)。CK, 0 kg N·hm-2·a-1; LN, 50 kg N·hm-2·a-1; HN, 100 kg N·hm-2·a-1。不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Difference analysis of daily dynamics of soil respiration rate in different treatments in Phragmites australis wetland (mean ± SE, n = 7). Different letters mean significant difference among different treatments at 0.05 level.

表2 芦苇湿地各处理土壤呼吸速率的季节动态(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration rate in different treatments in Phragmites australis wetland (mean ± SE)

月份 Month	CK (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	LN (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	HN (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)
6月 June	1.95 ± 0.13^b	1.95 ± 0.16^b	2.68 ± 0.18^a
7月 July	1.65 ± 0.09^ab	2.23 ± 0.32^a	2.78 ± 0.35^a
9月 September	2.11 ± 0.09^c	2.57 ± 0.09^b	3.33 ± 0.11^a
10月 October	1.19 ± 0.09^b	1.50 ± 0.12^b	2.13 ± 0.20^a
生长季 Growing season	1.67 ± 0.15^b	1.99 ± 0.17^b	2.64 ± 0.21^a

表3 地面无积水时土壤呼吸与温度的相关关系

Table 3 Correlation ships between soil respiration and temperature when there is no surface ponding

处理 Treatment	气温 Air temperature (℃)	土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)
处理 Treatment	气温 Air temperature (℃)	5 cm	10 cm	20 cm
CK	0.836^**	0.803^**	0.767^**	0.742^**
LN	0.744^**	0.551^**	0.515^**	0.505^**
HN	0.725^**	0.535^**	0.499^**	0.501^**

表4 地面无积水时土壤呼吸与气温的指数函数方程

Table 4 Exponential function equations of soil respiration and air temperature when there is no surface ponding

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	F	Q₁₀
CK	R_s = 0.454e^0.052^T	0.699	76.785	1.68
LN	R_s = 0.521e^0.056^T	0.645	59.882	1.75
HN	R_s = 0.781e^0.052^T	0.599	49.297	1.68

图5 各处理土壤呼吸速率与气温的指数函数方程(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。CK, 0 kg N·hm-2·a-1; LN, 50 kg N·hm-2·a-1; HN, 100 kg N·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 5 Exponential function equations of soil respiration rate and air temperature in different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 3).

表5 地面有积水时土壤呼吸与温度的相关关系

Table 5 Correlation ships between soil respiration and temperature when there is surface ponding

处理 Treatment	气温 Air temperature (℃)	土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)
处理 Treatment	气温 Air temperature (℃)	5 cm	10 cm	20 cm
CK	-0.547	-0.662^*	-0.625^*	-0.732^**
LN	0.015	-0.022	-0.040	-0.220
HN	-0.152	-0.183	-0.199	-0.380

图6 各处理土壤呼吸速率与地上部分生物量的关系(平均值±标准误差, n = 7)。CK, 0 kg N·hm-2·a-1; LN, 50 kg N·hm-2·a-1; HN, 100 kg N·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 6 Relationships between soil respiration rate and aboveground biomass in different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 3).

表6 各处理土壤呼吸与土壤理化性质的相关关系

Table 6 Correlation ships between soil respiration and soil physical and chemical properties in different treatments

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (%)	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (%)	全氮 Total nitrogen (%)	全碳 Total carbon (%)	有机碳 Organic carbon (%)
0-10	0.684^*	0.315	-0.10	-0.219	0.314
10-20	0.950^**	0.287	0.213	0.176	0.183

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氮沉降对黄河三角洲芦苇湿地土壤呼吸的影响

Effect of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in Phragmites australis wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China

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