华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2007年11月至2008年11月, 对华西雨屏区苦竹(Pleioblastus amarus)人工林进行了模拟氮沉降试验, 氮沉降水平分别为对照(CK, 0 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、低氮(5 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、中氮(15 g N·m^-2·a^-1)和高氮(30 g N·m^-2·a^-1)。每月下旬, 采用红外CO₂分析法测定土壤呼吸速率, 并定量地对各处理施氮(NH₄NO₃)。结果表明: 2008年试验地氮沉降量为8.241 g·m^-2, 超出该地区氮沉降临界负荷。在生长季节, 苦竹林根呼吸占总土壤呼吸的60%左右。模拟氮沉降促进了苦竹林土壤呼吸速率, 使苦竹林土壤每年向大气释放的CO₂增加了9.4%~28.6%。在大时间尺度上(如1 a), 土壤呼吸主要受温度的影响。2008年6~10月, 土壤呼吸速率24 h平均值均表现为: 对照<低氮<中氮<高氮。氮沉降处理1 a后, 土壤微生物呼吸速率和土壤微生物生物量碳、氮增加, 并且均与氮沉降量具有相同趋势。各处理土壤呼吸速率与10 cm土壤温度、月平均气温呈极显著指数正相关关系, 利用温度单因素模型可以解释土壤呼吸速率的大部分。模拟氮沉降使得土壤呼吸Q₁₀值增大, 表明氮沉降可能增强了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。在氮沉降持续增加和全球气候变暖的背景下, 氮沉降和温度的共同作用可能使得苦竹林向大气中排放的CO₂增加。

关键词: 氮沉降, 土壤呼吸, 根呼吸, 微生物呼吸, 温度敏感性, 苦竹林, 华西雨屏区

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to determine the effect of increased nitrogen deposition on total soil respiration and microbial respiration of Pleioblastus amarus forest, and whether increased nitrogen deposition alters the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.
Methods For one year starting November 2007, we conducted a simulated nitrogen deposition field experiment in P. amarus forest, Rainy Area of West China. The levels of nitrogen deposition were control (CK, 0 g N·m^-2·a^-1), low nitrogen (5 g N·m^-2·a^-1), medium nitrogen (15 g N·m^-2·a^-1) and high nitrogen (30 g N·m^-2·a^-1). At the end of each month, soil respiration was measured by infrared gas analyzer, and NH₄NO₃ was added to N-treated plots. Natural wet nitrogen deposition was measured in 2008, and 0-20 cm horizon soil was collected for soil respiration sampling in November 2008. These soil samples were maintained in the laboratory at 20 ℃, and we measured soil microbial respiration (by infrared gas analyzer) and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen.
Important findings The wet nitrogen deposition of Liujiang, Hongya County is 8.241 g·m^-2; it exceeds the local nitrogen deposition critical loads. Root respiration accounts for about 60% of the total soil respiration of P. amarus forest from April to October. Nitrogen deposition promotes soil respiration of P. amarus forest, and CO₂ release from forest soil is increased by 9.4%-28.6%. Microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were stimulated by nitrogen deposition, and respiration rate rises with increased nitrogen deposition. The soil respiration rate exhibited positive exponential relation- ships with air temperature and soil temperature at 10 cm depth. Exponential relationships between temperature and soil respiration were highly significant in all plots. Nitrogen deposition may increase temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. With increasing rates of anthropogenic N deposition and global warming, nitrogen combined with temperature may increase the release of CO₂ from P. amarus forest soil.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, soil respiration, root respiration, microbial respiration, temperature sensitivity, Pleioblastus amarus forest, Rainy Area of West China

涂利华, 胡庭兴, 黄立华, 李仁洪, 戴洪忠, 雒守华, 向元彬. 华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(4): 728-738. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.011

TU Li-Hua, HU Ting-Xing, HUANG Li-Hua, LI Ren-Hong, DAI Hong-Zhong, LUO Shou-Hua, XIANG Yuan-Bin. RESPONSE OF SOIL RESPIRATION TO SIMULATED NITROGEN DEPOSITION IN PLEIOBLASTUS AMARUS FOREST, RAINY AREA OF WEST CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(4): 728-738. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.011

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I4/728

图/表 7

表1 洪雅县柳江镇苦竹岗2008年氮沉降量(湿沉降)

Table 1 Nitrogen deposition (wet deposition) of Kuzhugang, Liujiang town, Hongya county, Sichuan Province, China in 2008

月份 Month	月降水量 Monthly precipitation (mm)	氮沉降量 Nitrogen deposition (g·m^-2)
1	50.0	0.521
2	72.8	0.758
3	136.6	0.533
4	223.6	0.872
5	145.3	0.617
6	155.2	1.099
7	227.4	0.777
8	232.2	0.563
9	223.8	0.322
10	187.9	1.000
11	73.7	0.645
12	29.5	0.535
合计 Total	1 758.0	8.241

图1 各处理土壤呼吸速率月动态 ck、l、m、h分别表示对照(0 g N·m-2·a-1)、低氮 (5 g N·m-2·a-1)、中氮 (15 g N·m-2·a-1)和高氮(30 g N·m-2·a-1) ck, l, m, and h denote control (0 g N·m-2·a-1), low nitrogen (5 g N·m-2·a-1), medium nitrogen (15 g N·m-2·a-1), high nitrogen (30 g N·m-2·a-1), respectively *表示至少有两个处理之间差异显著 Single asterisk denote that at least two treatment means were significantly different **表示至少有3个处理两两之间差异显著(one-way ANOVA, p<0.05, n=9) Double asterisk denote that at least three treatment means were significantly different in every two (one-way ANOVA, p<0.05, n=9)

Fig. 1 Monthly dynamics of soil respiration rate

图2 各处理土壤呼吸的昼夜变化 ck、l、m、h: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 2 A 24-hour variation of soil respiration

图3 各处理土壤微生物呼吸图中不同字母表示差异显著(one-way ANOVA和Fisher’s LSD, p<0.05, n=12) Different letters denote treatment means were significantly different (one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD, p<0.05, n=12) ck、l、m、h: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 3 Soil microbial respiration in four treatments

图4 各处理土壤微生物生物量C、N 图中不同字母表示差异显著(one-way ANOVA和Fisher’s LSD, p<0.05, n=4) Different letters denote that treatment means were significantly different (one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD, p<0.05, n=3) ck、l、m、h: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 4 Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in four treatments

图5 苦竹林根呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献柱形图上方数值表示根呼吸对总土壤呼吸的贡献 The numbers of the column top denote contribution rates of root respiration to total soil respiration I: 根呼吸速率 Root respiration rate II: 去根呼吸速率 Root-free respiration rate

Fig. 5 Contribution of root respiration to soil respiration in Pleioblastus amarus forest

图6 土壤呼吸速率与10 cm土壤温度的关系 ck, l, m, h: 见图1 See Fig. 1 RS: 土壤呼吸 Respiration of soil

Fig. 6 Relationships between soil respiration rate and the soil temperature at 10 cm depth

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