伊犁河谷山地植物群落物种多样性分布格局及环境解释

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

结合对新疆伊犁河两岸科古琴山南坡(河谷北坡)和乌孙山北坡(河谷南坡) 94个样地的调查资料, 采用DCCA (detrended canonical correspondence analysis)排序法, 分析了物种多样性指数与环境因子之间的关系, 运用广义可加模型拟合植物群落总体多样性指数对海拔梯度的响应曲线, 探讨了伊犁河谷山地植物群落物种多样性的垂直分布格局。结果表明: 在调查的94个样地中, 共出现259种植物, 其中, 草本植物的种类极其丰富, 多达235种, 木本植物的种类极其有限; 垂直结构完整的植物群落具有较高的多样性指数; 河谷北坡植物群落物种多样性的分布格局受海拔、坡度、坡向以及土壤全氮、全钾、有机质、含水量等环境因子的影响较大, 而在河谷南坡, 物种多样性分布格局主要受坡度、海拔、有效磷含量和土壤含水量等环境因子的影响; 在河谷北坡, 植物群落的Patrick丰富度指数与Shannon-Wiener指数与海拔呈明显的双峰曲线关系, Simpson指数与Pielou均匀度指数呈不对称的单峰格局, 而河谷南坡的物种多样性指数随海拔均呈双峰格局, 尽管Patrick丰富度指数不甚明显。山地植物群落物种多样性的垂直分布格局是由海拔为主的多种环境因子综合作用的结果。

关键词: 分布格局, 伊犁河谷, 山地, 植物群落, 物种多样性

Abstract:

Aims Our major objective was to reveal the distribution pattern of plant species diversity in the mountainous region of Ili River Valley, Xinjiang, China and explore how environmental gradients influenced the pattern.

Methods Based on a survey of 94 sample plots in the study area, DCCA was performed to analyze the relationships between diversity indices and environmental gradients and GAM was employed to model the response curve of diversity indices to elevation.

Important findings We recorded 259 plant species, including 235 herbaceous species; the species of woody plants were very limited. Communities with complex vertical structure had higher values of diversity. The distribution pattern of species diversity on the northern slope was affected by elevation, slope aspect, slope gradient, total nitrogen, total potassium, soil water content, organic matter, etc., and that on the southern slope was mainly affected by slope gradient, elevation, available phosphorus, soil water content, etc. On the northern slope, Patrick index and Shannon-Wiener index had a bimodal pattern with elevation and Simpson index and Pielou index showed a partially unimodal pattern. On the southern slope all the distribution pattern of species diversity indices showed two peaks, though that of the Patrick index was not obvious. These patterns were formed by the synthetic action of a variety of environmental factors in which elevation played an important role.

Key words: distribution pattern, Ili River Valley, mountainous region, plant communities, species diversity

徐远杰, 陈亚宁, 李卫红, 付爱红, 马晓东, 桂东伟, 陈亚鹏. 伊犁河谷山地植物群落物种多样性分布格局及环境解释. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(10): 1142-1154. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.10.003

XU Yuan-Jie, CHEN Ya-Ning, LI Wei-Hong, FU Ai-Hong, MA Xiao-Dong, GUI Dong-Wei, CHEN Ya-Peng. Distribution pattern and environmental interpretation of plant species diversity in the mountainous region of Ili River Valley, Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(10): 1142-1154. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.10.003

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.10.003

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I10/1142

图/表 9

参考文献 31

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群落编号 Community code	海拔 Elev (m)	坡度 Slop (°)	坡向 Expo	土壤含水量 SW (%)	有机质 SOM ( g·kg^-1)	植物群落类型 Plant community type
N1	2 092	0.45	0.35	38.23	82.53	白喉乌头+林地早熟禾+高山羊角芹 Aconitum leucostomum + Poa nemoralis + Aegopodium alpestre
N2	1 895	0.47	0.01	50.00	114.61	羊茅+白花车轴草+千叶蓍 Festuca ovina + Trifolium repens + Achillea millefolium
N3	1 848	0.19	0.49	19.84	68.99	草原薹草+阿尔泰百里香+草原糙苏 Carex liparocarpos + Thymus altaicus + Phlomis pratensis
N4	1 695	0.22	0.55	15.15	77.05	草原薹草+无芒雀麦+仰卧早熟禾 Carex liparocarpos + Bromus intermis + Poa supina
N5	1 560	0.21	0.22	17.45	83.57	草原糙苏+无芒雀麦+大叶橐吾 Phlomis pratensis + Bromus intermis + Ligularia macrophylla
N6	1 415	0.33	0.47	11.40	103.34	野杏+新疆野苹果―金丝桃叶绣线菊―播娘蒿+荠 Armeniaca vulgaris + Malus sieversii—Spiraea hypericifoli―Desurainia sophia + Capsella bursa-pastoria
N7	1 398	0.61	0.16	16.58	70.37	天山桦+黄果山楂―刚毛忍冬―鸭茅+灰绿藜 Betula tianschanica + Crataegus chlorocarps―Lonicera hispid―Dactylis glomerata + Chenopodium glaucum
N8	1 207	0.61	0.71	4.03	23.05	天山樱桃+金丝桃叶绣线菊―狗牙根+短柱薹草 Cerasus tianschanica + Spiraea hypericifoli―Cynodon dactylon + Carex turkestanica
N9	1 141	0.57	0.94	2.32	11.82	美丽木蓼+金丝桃叶绣线菊―金色狗尾草+芳香新塔花 Atraphaxia decipiens + Spiraea hypericifoli―Setaria glauca + Ziziphora clinopodioides
N10	1 128	0.39	0.19	3.89	20.50	芨芨草+雀麦+狗牙根 Achnatherum splendens + Bromus japonicus + Cynodon dactylon
S1	2 927	0.38	0.44	73.84	139.58	欧亚圆柏+小叶金露梅―细果薹草+线叶嵩草 Juniperus sabina + Pentaphylloides parvifolia―Carex stenocarpa + Kobresia capillifolium
S2	2 706	0.59	0.87	22.80	88.15	雪岭云杉―欧亚圆柏+小叶金露梅―黑花薹草+线叶嵩草 Picea schrenkiana―Juniperus sabina + Pentaphylloides parvifolia―Carex melanantha + Kobresia capillifolium
S3	2 616	0.53	0.17	53.49	77.60	雪岭云杉―欧亚圆柏+鬼见愁锦鸡儿―黑花薹草+线叶嵩草 Picea schrenkiana―Juniperus sabina + Caragana jubata―Carex melanantha + Kobresia capillifolium
S4	2 465	0.54	0.38	33.13	104.44	高山早熟禾+高山梯牧草+高山地榆 Poa alpina + Phleum alpinum + Sanguisorba alpina
S5	2 246	0.52	0.02	60.05	135.79	腺齿蔷薇―假梯牧草+高山岩黄芪+天山羽衣草 Rosa albertii―Phleum phleoides + Hedysarum alpinum + Alchemilla tianschanica
S6	2 180	0.55	0.55	33.12	111.64	金丝桃叶绣线菊+宽刺蔷薇―草原老鹳草+阿尔泰独尾草 Spiraea hypericifolia + Rosa platyacantha―Geranium pratense + Eremurus altaicus
S7	2 123	0.45	0.91	11.60	80.87	宽刺蔷薇+腺齿蔷薇―阿尔泰独尾草+莲座蓟 Rosa platyacantha + Rosa albertii―Eremurus altaicus + Cirsium esculentum
S8	1 865	0.43	0.47	9.95	88.82	腺齿蔷薇+宽刺蔷薇―草原薹草+芳香新塔花 Rosa albertii + Rosa platyacantha―Carex liparocarpos + Ziziphora clinopodioides
S9	1 840	0.48	0.07	21.80	122.58	金丝桃叶绣线菊+腺齿蔷薇―假梯牧草+千叶蓍 Spiraea hypericifolia + Rosa albertii―Phleum phleoides + Achillea millefolium
S10	1 627	0.24	0.28	19.30	102.01	短柱薹草+芨芨草+针茅 Carex turkestanica + Achnatherum splendens + Stipa capillata
S11	1 456	0.06	0.19	9.95	60.96	披碱草+短柱薹草+新疆绢蒿 Elymus dahuricus + Carex turkestanica + Seriphidium kaschgaricum

群落编号 Community code	海拔 Elev (m)	坡度 Slop (°)	坡向 Expo	土壤含水量 SW (%)	有机质 SOM ( g·kg^-1)	植物群落类型 Plant community type
N1	2 092	0.45	0.35	38.23	82.53	白喉乌头+林地早熟禾+高山羊角芹 Aconitum leucostomum + Poa nemoralis + Aegopodium alpestre
N2	1 895	0.47	0.01	50.00	114.61	羊茅+白花车轴草+千叶蓍 Festuca ovina + Trifolium repens + Achillea millefolium
N3	1 848	0.19	0.49	19.84	68.99	草原薹草+阿尔泰百里香+草原糙苏 Carex liparocarpos + Thymus altaicus + Phlomis pratensis
N4	1 695	0.22	0.55	15.15	77.05	草原薹草+无芒雀麦+仰卧早熟禾 Carex liparocarpos + Bromus intermis + Poa supina
N5	1 560	0.21	0.22	17.45	83.57	草原糙苏+无芒雀麦+大叶橐吾 Phlomis pratensis + Bromus intermis + Ligularia macrophylla
N6	1 415	0.33	0.47	11.40	103.34	野杏+新疆野苹果―金丝桃叶绣线菊―播娘蒿+荠 Armeniaca vulgaris + Malus sieversii—Spiraea hypericifoli―Desurainia sophia + Capsella bursa-pastoria
N7	1 398	0.61	0.16	16.58	70.37	天山桦+黄果山楂―刚毛忍冬―鸭茅+灰绿藜 Betula tianschanica + Crataegus chlorocarps―Lonicera hispid―Dactylis glomerata + Chenopodium glaucum
N8	1 207	0.61	0.71	4.03	23.05	天山樱桃+金丝桃叶绣线菊―狗牙根+短柱薹草 Cerasus tianschanica + Spiraea hypericifoli―Cynodon dactylon + Carex turkestanica
N9	1 141	0.57	0.94	2.32	11.82	美丽木蓼+金丝桃叶绣线菊―金色狗尾草+芳香新塔花 Atraphaxia decipiens + Spiraea hypericifoli―Setaria glauca + Ziziphora clinopodioides
N10	1 128	0.39	0.19	3.89	20.50	芨芨草+雀麦+狗牙根 Achnatherum splendens + Bromus japonicus + Cynodon dactylon
S1	2 927	0.38	0.44	73.84	139.58	欧亚圆柏+小叶金露梅―细果薹草+线叶嵩草 Juniperus sabina + Pentaphylloides parvifolia―Carex stenocarpa + Kobresia capillifolium
S2	2 706	0.59	0.87	22.80	88.15	雪岭云杉―欧亚圆柏+小叶金露梅―黑花薹草+线叶嵩草 Picea schrenkiana―Juniperus sabina + Pentaphylloides parvifolia―Carex melanantha + Kobresia capillifolium
S3	2 616	0.53	0.17	53.49	77.60	雪岭云杉―欧亚圆柏+鬼见愁锦鸡儿―黑花薹草+线叶嵩草 Picea schrenkiana―Juniperus sabina + Caragana jubata―Carex melanantha + Kobresia capillifolium
S4	2 465	0.54	0.38	33.13	104.44	高山早熟禾+高山梯牧草+高山地榆 Poa alpina + Phleum alpinum + Sanguisorba alpina
S5	2 246	0.52	0.02	60.05	135.79	腺齿蔷薇―假梯牧草+高山岩黄芪+天山羽衣草 Rosa albertii―Phleum phleoides + Hedysarum alpinum + Alchemilla tianschanica
S6	2 180	0.55	0.55	33.12	111.64	金丝桃叶绣线菊+宽刺蔷薇―草原老鹳草+阿尔泰独尾草 Spiraea hypericifolia + Rosa platyacantha―Geranium pratense + Eremurus altaicus
S7	2 123	0.45	0.91	11.60	80.87	宽刺蔷薇+腺齿蔷薇―阿尔泰独尾草+莲座蓟 Rosa platyacantha + Rosa albertii―Eremurus altaicus + Cirsium esculentum
S8	1 865	0.43	0.47	9.95	88.82	腺齿蔷薇+宽刺蔷薇―草原薹草+芳香新塔花 Rosa albertii + Rosa platyacantha―Carex liparocarpos + Ziziphora clinopodioides
S9	1 840	0.48	0.07	21.80	122.58	金丝桃叶绣线菊+腺齿蔷薇―假梯牧草+千叶蓍 Spiraea hypericifolia + Rosa albertii―Phleum phleoides + Achillea millefolium
S10	1 627	0.24	0.28	19.30	102.01	短柱薹草+芨芨草+针茅 Carex turkestanica + Achnatherum splendens + Stipa capillata
S11	1 456	0.06	0.19	9.95	60.96	披碱草+短柱薹草+新疆绢蒿 Elymus dahuricus + Carex turkestanica + Seriphidium kaschgaricum

	河谷北坡 The northern slope				河谷南坡 The southern slope
排序轴 Axe	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
特征值 Eigenvalue	0.316	0.051	0.011	0.002	0.062	0.008	0.004	0.002
多样性与环境相关性 Diversity-environment correlations	0.915	0.603	0.427	0.384	0.710	0.514	0.538	0.413
多样性累积解释量 Cumulative variance of diversity (%)	44.3	51.4	53.0	53.3	30.6	34.6	36.8	37.7
多样性与环境关系累积解释量 Cumulative variance of diversity-environment correlation (%)	68.4	79.4	81.9	82.3	76.3	86.2	91.7	93.9

	河谷北坡 The northern slope				河谷南坡 The southern slope
排序轴 Axe	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
特征值 Eigenvalue	0.316	0.051	0.011	0.002	0.062	0.008	0.004	0.002
多样性与环境相关性 Diversity-environment correlations	0.915	0.603	0.427	0.384	0.710	0.514	0.538	0.413
多样性累积解释量 Cumulative variance of diversity (%)	44.3	51.4	53.0	53.3	30.6	34.6	36.8	37.7
多样性与环境关系累积解释量 Cumulative variance of diversity-environment correlation (%)	68.4	79.4	81.9	82.3	76.3	86.2	91.7	93.9

	河谷北坡 The northern slope				河谷南坡 The southern slope
排序轴 Axe	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
有效钾 AK	0.01	0.16	-0.01	-0.13	-0.18	0.20	0.10	-0.07
有效氮 AN	-0.27	-0.11	-0.02	0.02	-0.15	-0.11	-0.03	-0.03
有效磷 AP	-0.03	0.19	0.03	-0.03	-0.27^*	0.08	-0.14	-0.14
海拔 Elev	-0.75^**	-0.12	-0.04	0.06	0.11	-0.33^*	0.21	0.01
坡向 Expo	0.22	0.37^*	-0.01	-0.06	-0.2	-0.08	0.35^*	-0.12
pH	0.19	0.03	0.04	-0.27	-0.09	0.18	0.18	0.10
坡度 Slop	0.55^**	-0.24	-0.02	-0.04	-0.39^**	-0.32^*	-0.10	-0.07
有机质 SOM	-0.33^*	-0.07	-0.01	0.05	-0.23	-0.15	-0.03	0.13
含水量 SW	-0.36^*	-0.25	0.05	0.23	0.29^*	-0.30^*	0.02	-0.02
全钾 TK	0.56^**	0.07	0.02	-0.02	-0.20	0.07	0.03	0.09
全氮 TN	-0.46^**	-0.06	0.02	0.08	-0.02	-0.06	0.06	0.28^*
全磷 TP	-0.24	-0.03	0.02	0.04	-0.05	-0.24	-0.05	0.21
总盐 TS	-0.14	-0.04	0.16	-0.21	-0.20	-0.11	0.13	-0.13