植物生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 1359-1368.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.001
• 研究论文 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2010-01-07
接受日期:
2010-05-28
出版日期:
2010-01-07
发布日期:
2010-12-28
作者简介:
第一联系人:* E-mail: zhoudaowei@neigae.ac.cn
ZHOU Dao-Wei1(), ZHANG Zheng-Xiang2, JIN Ying-Hua2, WANG Ping2, WANG Xue-Zhi2
Received:
2010-01-07
Accepted:
2010-05-28
Online:
2010-01-07
Published:
2010-12-28
摘要:
根据多因子环境要素聚类结果, 结合地貌分异、气候区划和土壤区划, 对东北植被进行了重新区划, 并论述了海拔高度决定的东北植被的垂直分布规律。松嫩平原、辽河平原构成的松辽平原的植被主体为草甸, 针茅(Stipa)等群落分布于较高地势的二级台地或沙丘上, 为草甸植被中不连续分布的沙地植被类型或海拔决定的垂直植被带的草原类型。据此, 将松辽平原植被区划为温带落叶阔叶林区域, 即将温带草原区南部的东侧界限划定在大兴安岭山脊线附近, 北部寒温带针林南部界限和南部暖温带落叶林北部界线遵从现有研究结果。东北植被分布具有明显的受海拔决定的垂直地带性上的环状分布格局 特点。
周道玮, 张正祥, 靳英华, 王平, 王学志. 东北植被区划及其分布格局. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(12): 1359-1368. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.001
ZHOU Dao-Wei, ZHANG Zheng-Xiang, JIN Ying-Hua, WANG Ping, WANG Xue-Zhi. Regionalization and distribution pattern of vegetation of Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(12): 1359-1368. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.001
主成分1 PCA 1 | 主成分2 PCA 2 | 主成分3 PCA 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
最高温度 Maximum temperature | 0.90 | 0.37 | 0.03 |
最低温度 Minimum temperature | 0.95 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
平均温度 Average temperature | 0.94 | 0.31 | 0.01 |
积温 Accumulated temperature | 0.90 | 0.29 | -0.26 |
降水量 Precipitation | 0.41 | -0.71 | 0.44 |
蒸发量 Evaporation | 0.03 | 0.83 | -0.36 |
距海距离 Distance to sea | -0.74 | -0.11 | -0.58 |
海拔 Altitude | -0.57 | 0.57 | 0.45 |
地下水深度 Depth of groundwater | -0.43 | 0.82 | 0.15 |
土壤类型 Soil type | -0.34 | 0.75 | 0.30 |
表1 主成分分析系数矩阵
Table 1 Parameters matrix of principle component analysis (PCA)
主成分1 PCA 1 | 主成分2 PCA 2 | 主成分3 PCA 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
最高温度 Maximum temperature | 0.90 | 0.37 | 0.03 |
最低温度 Minimum temperature | 0.95 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
平均温度 Average temperature | 0.94 | 0.31 | 0.01 |
积温 Accumulated temperature | 0.90 | 0.29 | -0.26 |
降水量 Precipitation | 0.41 | -0.71 | 0.44 |
蒸发量 Evaporation | 0.03 | 0.83 | -0.36 |
距海距离 Distance to sea | -0.74 | -0.11 | -0.58 |
海拔 Altitude | -0.57 | 0.57 | 0.45 |
地下水深度 Depth of groundwater | -0.43 | 0.82 | 0.15 |
土壤类型 Soil type | -0.34 | 0.75 | 0.30 |
图2 内蒙古草原区、松辽平原区、东北东部林区各地点的聚类分布图。AD, 安达市; BC, 白城市; BLYQ, 巴林右旗; BLZQ, 巴林左旗; BP, 北票市; BX, 本溪市; CC, 长春市; CL, 长岭县; CT, 昌图县; DD, 丹东市; DH, 敦化市; DM, 杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县; DN, 东宁县; DWQ, 东乌珠穆沁旗; FS, 抚松县; FX, 阜新市; FY, 扶余县; FZ, 方正县; HL1, 海伦市; HL2, 和龙市; HN1, 桦南县; HN2, 辉南县; JC, 建昌县; JH, 蛟河市; JL, 吉林市; JP, 建平县; KL, 开鲁县; KLQ, 库伦旗; KP, 康平县; KSKT, 克什克腾旗; KYZQ, 科尔沁右翼中旗; KZZQ, 科尔沁左翼中旗; LB, 萝北县; LH, 柳河县; LX, 林西县; ML, 穆棱市; NA, 宁安市; NM, 奈曼旗; NJ, 嫩江县; PJ, 盘锦市; QG, 前郭县; SL1, 舒兰县; SL2, 双辽市; SW, 孙吴县; SY, 沈阳市; SZ, 尚志市; TL1, 铁力市; TL2, 泰来县; TY, 通榆县; WLHT, 乌兰浩特市; XF, 西丰县; XLHT, 锡林浩特市; XM, 新民市; XWQ, 西乌珠穆沁旗; YC, 伊春市; YL, 依兰县; YS, 榆树市; ZD, 肇东县; ZLTQ, 扎鲁特旗; ZH, 庄河县; ZW, 彰武县; ZZ, 肇州县。
Fig. 2 The cluster pattern of Inner Mongolia steppe, Songliao Plain, and eastern forest of Northeast China. AD, Anda City; BC, Baicheng City; BLYQ, Bairin Youqi; BLZQ, Bairin Zuoqi; BP, Beipiao City; BX, Benxi City; CC, Changchun City; CL, Changling County; CT, Changtu County; DD, Dandong City; DH, Dunhua City; DM, Dorbod Mongolzu Autonomous County; DN, Dongning County; DWQ, Dong Ujimqin Qi; FS, Fusong County; FX, Fuxin City; FY, Fuyu County; FZ, Fangzheng County; HL1, Hailun City; HL2, Helong City; HN1, Huanan County; HN2, Huinan County; JC, Jiangchang County; JH, Jiaohe City; JL, Jilin City; JP, Jiangping County; KL, Kailu County; KLQ, Hure Qi; KP, Kangping County; KSKT, Hexigten Qi; KYZQ, Horqin Youyi Zhongqi; KZZQ, Horqin Zuoyi Zhongqi; LB, Luobei County; LH, Liuhe County; LX, Linxi County; ML, Muling City; NA, Ning’an City; NM, Naiman Qi; NJ, Nenjiang County; PJ, Panjin City; QG, Qianguo County; SL1, Shulan County; SL2, Shuangliao City; SW, Sunwu County; SY, Shenyang City; SZ, Shangzhi City; TL1, Tieli City; TL2, Tailai County; TY, Tongyu County; WLHT, Ullanhot City; XF, Xifeng County; XLHT, Xilinhot City; XM, Xinmin City; XWQ, Xi Ujimqin Qi; YC, Yichun City; YL, Yilan County; YS, Yushu City; ZD, Zhaodong County; ZLTQ, Jarud Qi; ZH, Zhuanghe County; ZW, Zhangwu County; ZZ, Zhaozhou County.
图4 松嫩平原的植被分布(修改自李崇皜等, 1982)。垂直断线格表示尽管为不同群丛, 仍为相同的植被亚型。植被: 1, 森林(蒙古栎群丛、山杏群丛); 2, 草甸(杂类草群丛、拂子茅群丛、小叶章群丛、薹草群丛、芦苇群丛); 3, 羊草群落; 4, 针茅群落; 土壤: 1, 森林土(粗骨暗棕色森林土、生草暗棕色森林土); 2, 黑钙土(碳酸盐草甸黑钙土、草甸黑钙土、淋溶黑钙土、沙地原始黑钙土); 3, 草甸土、沼泽土(碳酸盐草甸土、潜育草甸土、暗色草甸土、柱状草甸碱土、草甸沼泽土、腐殖质沼泽土); 4, 黑土。CCZ, 长春镇; CSP, 成山堡; LD, 林甸; LH, 龙河; LJDG, 廉家大沟; LYG, 老云沟; NMEH, 那莫尔河; NJ, 嫩江; HWYNC, 红五月农场; QF, 乾丰; QQHE, 齐齐哈尔; TNH, 通南河; WJG, 温家沟; WYEH, 乌裕尔河; XKL, 小克林; YA, 依安。
Fig. 4 The vegetation distribution of Songnen Plain (Revised from Li et al., 1982). The boxes with vertical dash line indicate different associations but the same subvegetation type. Vegetation: 1, forest (Ass. Quercus mongolica; Ass. Prumus sibirica); 2, meadow (Ass. forb, Ass. Calamagrostis adans, Ass. Calamagrostis amgustifolia, Ass. Carex sp., Ass. Phragmites communis); 3, Leymus chinensis community; 4, Stipa capillata community; Soil: 1, forest soil; 2, chernozem soil; 3, meadow soil and boggy soil; 4, black soil. CCZ, Changchun Zhen; CSP, Chengshanpu; LD, Lindian; LH, Longhe; LJDG, Lianjia Dagou; LYG, Laoyun Gou; NMEH, Namo’er He; NJ, Nenjiang; HWYNC, Hongwuyue Nongchang; QF, Qianfeng; QQHE, Qiqihar; TNH, Tongnan He; WJG, Wenjia Gou; WYEH, Wuyuer He; XKL, Xiaoke Lin;YA,Yi’an.
图6 东北地形地势剖面图。自呼伦湖(左侧)至长白山天池(右侧), 指示植被类型随海拔的分布。
Fig. 6 The section chart of topography of Northeast China. From Tian Lake of Changbai Mountain (right) to Hulun Lake (left), indicating the vegetation distribution along altitude.
图7 东北植被的海拔地带性分布规律(图中的黑折线为大兴安岭和七老图山脊线)。 审图号: GS (2010) 1351号
Fig. 7 Distribution pattern of altitude zonation of vegetation in Northeast China (black broken line indicate the ridge of Da Hinggan Mountains and Qilaotu Mountains).
图8 草甸中生长的柳树(2009年秋周道玮摄于吉林省长岭镇北20 km)。
Fig. 8 The Salix sp. growing in meadow (Photographed by ZHOU Dao-Wei at 20 km north to Changling Town of Jilin Province in autumn, 2009).
[1] | Dong HD ( 董厚德) (1987). Vegetation Division of Liaoning Province (辽宁植被区划). Liaoning University Press, Shenyang. (in Chinese) |
[2] | Editorial Board for Chinese Geography (中华地理志编辑部) (1956). Tentative Scheme for Natural Regionalization of China (中国自然区划草案). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[3] | Fang JY (方精云) (2001). Re-discussion about the forest vegetation zonation in eastern China. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 43, 522-533. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[4] | He SY (何绍颐), Zhang XS (张新时) (1980). The rule, unit and system of vegetation division of China. In: Wu ZY et al. (吴征镒等) eds. Vegetation of China (中国植被). Science Press, Beijing. 749-771. (in Chinese) |
[5] | Hou XY (侯学煜) (1956). Distribution Map of Vegetation and Soil (中国植被-土壤分区图). SinoMap Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[6] | Hou XY (侯学煜) (1959). Vegetation of China (中国植被). Lanzhou University Press, Lanzhou. (in Chinese) |
[7] | Hou XY (侯学煜) (1961). On concepts and theory of vegetation regionalization. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 9, 275-286. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[8] | Hou XY (侯学煜) (1963). Comments on argumentative problems in past scenarios of vegetation regionalization of China. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica (植物生态学与地植物学丛刊), 1, 1-23. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[9] | Huang BW (黄秉维) (1944). Plant regions of China. Journal of Zhejiang University (浙江大学文史地杂志), 1, 1-10. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[10] | Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院植物研究所) (1960). Vegetation Regionalization of China (中国植被区划). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[11] | Jiao BC (焦北辰) (1984). The Atlas of Physical Geography in China (中国自然地理图集). SinoMaps Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[12] | Li B (李博), Yong SP (雍世鹏), Liu ZL (刘钟龄), Sun HL (孙鸿良), Zeng SD (曾泗弟) (1980). The eco-geographical rule of Stipeta steppe on the Sungliao Plain. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 22, 270-279. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[13] | Li CH (李崇皜), Zheng XF (郑萱凤), Zhao KY (赵魁义), Ye JX (叶居新) (1982). Vegetation of Songnen Plain. Scientia Geographica Sinica (地理科学), 2, 170-178. (in Chinese) |
[14] | Li JD (李建东), Wu BH (吴榜华), Sheng LX (盛连喜) (2001). Vegetation of Jilin (吉林植被). Jilin Science and Technology Press, Changchun. (in Chinese) |
[15] | Li JT ( 李继侗) (1930). On plant-climate formation. Tsinghua Week (Biology Special Issue) (清华周刊生物学专号), 33, 1-13. (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
[16] | Li JT (李继侗), Li B (李博) (1986). Vegetation of Sertala stud farm of Hulumbuir in Inner Mongolia. In: Li JT (李继侗) ed. Li Jitong Corpus (李继侗文集). Science Press, Beijing. 273-274. (in Chinese) |
[17] | Liu SE (刘慎鄂), Feng ZW (冯宗炜), Zhao DC (赵大昌) (1959). Some matters of principle about vegetation zonation of China. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 8, 87-105. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[18] | Meeker DO, Merkel D (1984). Climax theories and a recommendation for vegetation classification—A viewpoint. Journal of Range Management, 37, 427-430. |
[19] | Odum EP, Barrett GW (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA, USA. |
[20] | Qian CS (钱崇澍), Wu ZY (吴征镒), Chen CD (陈昌笃) (1956). A tentative scheme for plant geographical region. In: Editorial Board for Chinese Geography (中华地理志编辑部) ed. Tentative Scheme for Natural Regionalization of China (中国自然区划草案). Science Press, Beijing. 83-142. (in Chinese) |
[21] | Qiu SW (裘善文) (2008). Research and Application of Quaternary Physiognomy of Northeastern China (中国东北地貌第四纪研究与应用). 2Jilin Science and Technology Press, Changchun. (in Chinese) |
[22] | Team of Investigation of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队)(1985). Vegetation of Inner Mongolia (内蒙古植被). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[23] | Walter H (1979). Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere. Springer Verlag, New York. |
[24] | Wang W (王炜), Liang CZ (梁存柱), Liu ZL (刘钟龄), Hao DY (郝敦元) (2000). Mechanism of degradation succession in Leymus chinensis + Stipa grandis steppe community. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 24, 468-472. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[25] | Wu ZY et al. (吴征镒等)(1980). Vegetation of China (中国植被). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[26] | Xu WD (徐文铎), He XY (何兴元), Chen W (陈玮), Liu CF (刘常富), Zhao GL (赵桂玲), Zhou Y (周园) (2008). Ecological division of vegetations in Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 27, 1853-1860. (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
[27] | Zhang JM (张俊民) (1990). The Soil Geography of China (中国土壤地理). Phoenix Science Press, Nanjing. (in Chinese) |
[28] | Zhang XS et al. (张新时等)(2007). Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国植被图). Geography Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[29] | Zheng HY (郑慧莹), Li JD (李建东) (1995). A preliminary study on the formation of saline-alkaline plant communities in the Song-nen Plain. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 19, 1-12. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[30] | Zhou YL (周以良) (1997). Vegetation Geography of Northeastern China (中国东北植被地理). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[31] |
Zou CJ (邹春静), Xu WD (徐文铎) (2004). Key problems in ecological research on vegetations in Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 15, 1711-1721. (in Chinese with English abstract)
URL PMID |
[32] | Ярошенко ПЛ . (1953). Principles of Vegetation Theory(in Russian). Translated by Li JT (李继侗) (1960). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[1] | 李红琴, 张法伟, 仪律北. 高寒草甸表层土壤和优势植物叶片的化学计量特征对降水改变和氮添加的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(7): 922-931. |
[2] | 吕自立, 刘彬, 常凤, 马紫荆, 曹秋梅. 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸植物功能多样性与生态系统多功能性关系沿海拔梯度的变化[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(6): 822-832. |
[3] | 李伟, 张荣. 亚高寒草甸群落结构决定群落生产力实例验证[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(5): 713-723. |
[4] | 石荡, 郭传超, 蒋南林, 唐莹莹, 郑凤, 王瑾, 廖康, 刘立强. 新疆野杏天然更新幼株的个体特征及空间分布格局[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(4): 515-529. |
[5] | 李晓田, 王铁娟, 韩文娟, 张丽, 张慧, 刘晓婷, 刘雅洁. 东阿拉善珍稀濒危植物绵刺种群结构与点格局分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(4): 506-514. |
[6] | 葛萍, 李昂, 王银柳, 姜良超, 牛国祥, 哈斯木其尔, 王彦兵, 薛建国, 赵威, 黄建辉. 草甸草原温室气体排放对氮添加量的非线性响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(11): 1483-1492. |
[7] | 闫涵, 马松梅, 魏博, 张宏祥, 张丹. 孑遗灌木长柄扁桃的历史分布格局及其环境驱动力[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(7): 766-774. |
[8] | 张央, 安明态, 武建勇, 刘锋, 汪伟. 中国兜兰属宽瓣亚属植物地理分布格局及其主导气候因子[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(1): 40-50. |
[9] | 刘艳方, 王文颖, 索南吉, 周华坤, 毛旭锋, 王世雄, 陈哲. 青海海北植物群落类型与土壤线虫群落相互关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(1): 27-39. |
[10] | 李捷, 陈莹莹, 乔福云, 郅堤港, 郭正刚. 高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸β多样性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 476-486. |
[11] | 董利军, 李金花, 陈珊, 张瑞, 孙建, 马妙君. 若尔盖湿地高寒草甸退化过程中土壤有机碳含量变化及成因分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 507-515. |
[12] | 汪子微, 万松泽, 蒋洪毛, 胡扬, 马书琴, 陈有超, 鲁旭阳. 青藏高原不同高寒草地类型土壤酶活性及其影响因子[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 528-538. |
[13] | 马书琴, 汪子微, 陈有超, 鲁旭阳. 藏北高寒草地土壤有机质化学组成对土壤蛋白酶和脲酶活性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 516-527. |
[14] | 杨德春, 胡雷, 宋小艳, 王长庭. 降雨变化对高寒草甸不同植物功能群凋落物质量及其分解的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(12): 1314-1328. |
[15] | 左永令, 杨小波, 李东海, 吴二焕, 杨宁, 李龙, 张培春, 陈琳, 李晨笛. 环境因子对海南岛野生兰科植物物种组成与分布格局的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(12): 1341-1349. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《植物生态学报》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编: 100093
Tel.: 010-62836134, 62836138; Fax: 010-82599431; E-mail: apes@ibcas.ac.cn, cjpe@ibcas.ac.cn
备案号: 京ICP备16067583号-19