植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 394-402.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0048
收稿日期:
2007-01-12
接受日期:
2007-03-03
出版日期:
2007-01-12
发布日期:
2007-05-30
作者简介:
E-mail: wangw@urban.pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
WANG Wei(), WANG Tao, PENG Shu-Shi, FANG Jing-Yun
Received:
2007-01-12
Accepted:
2007-03-03
Online:
2007-01-12
Published:
2007-05-30
摘要:
冬季土壤呼吸是生态系统释放CO2的极为重要的组成部分,并显著地影响着碳收支。然而,过去绝大多数工作集中在生长季节土壤呼吸的测定,对年土壤呼吸量的估算大多基于冬季土壤呼吸为零的假设。目前为数不多的研究集中在极地苔原和亚高山,其它植被类型的研究只有零星报道。极地苔原和森林冬季土壤呼吸速率分别为0.002~1.359和0.22~0.67 μmol C·m-2·s-1;土壤呼吸的CO2 释放量分别为0.55~26.37和22.4~152.0 g C·m-2,是地气CO2交换过程中不可忽视的环节。雪是土壤呼吸过程的重要调节者,积雪厚度和覆盖时间的长短均会影响土壤呼吸的强弱;水分的可获取性是重要的限制因素;对于维持活跃的土壤呼吸有一个关键的土壤温度临界值(-7~-5 ℃),低于这个值会因自由水的缺乏而抑制异养微生物的呼吸。如果存在绝缘的积雪层,可溶性碳底物在自由水存在的情况下可控制异养微生物的活力。该文对冬季土壤呼吸的重要性、研究方法、土壤呼吸强度及其影响机制等进行了综述,并讨论了冬季土壤呼吸研究中存在的问题及未来研究方向。
王娓, 汪涛, 彭书时, 方精云. 冬季土壤呼吸:不可忽视的地气CO2交换过程. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(3): 394-402. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0048
WANG Wei, WANG Tao, PENG Shu-Shi, FANG Jing-Yun. REVIEW OF WINTER CO2 EFFLUX FROM SOILS: A KEY PROCESS OF CO2 EXCHANGE BETWEEN SOIL AND ATMOSPHERE. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 394-402. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0048
群落类型 Tundra community type | 平均土壤呼吸速率 Mean CO2 efflux (μmol C· m-2· s-1) | 变化范围 Seasonal range of measurements (μmol C· m-2· s-1) | 样本数 Number of samples | 冬季CO2排放量 Estimated winter CO2 efflux rates (g C·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
草丛(酸性) Tussock (Acidic) | 0.68 | 0.002~1.360 | 352 | 20.95 |
河岸 (河柳) Riparian (Riverside willow) | 0.05 | 0.006~0.420 | 180 | 12.82 |
湿生莎草 Wet sedge | 0.05 | 0.020~0.830 | 150 | 12.19 |
自然河道Natural drifts | 0.11 | 0.003~0.520 | 119 | 26.37 |
石南灌丛Dry heath | 0.05 | 0.002~1.210 | 92 | 9.46 |
水道Water track | 0.16 | 0.066~0.749 | 30 | 21.65 |
草丛 (非酸性) Tussock (Nonacidic) | 0.01 | 0.007~0.082 | 20 | 2.10 |
湿生矮灌丛 Moist dwarf shrub | 0.02 | 0.019~0.088 | 20 | 0.55 |
干扰/再生植被Disturbed/Revegetated | 0.03 | 0.010~0.186 | 20 | 4.55 |
平均Average | 0.11 | 0.002~1.359 | 12.30 |
表1 季节性积雪的极地苔原不同群落冬季土壤呼吸排放量(Fahnestock et al., 1999)
Table 1 Average net winter CO2 efflux from soils of Arctic tundra communities (Fahnestock et al., 1999)
群落类型 Tundra community type | 平均土壤呼吸速率 Mean CO2 efflux (μmol C· m-2· s-1) | 变化范围 Seasonal range of measurements (μmol C· m-2· s-1) | 样本数 Number of samples | 冬季CO2排放量 Estimated winter CO2 efflux rates (g C·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
草丛(酸性) Tussock (Acidic) | 0.68 | 0.002~1.360 | 352 | 20.95 |
河岸 (河柳) Riparian (Riverside willow) | 0.05 | 0.006~0.420 | 180 | 12.82 |
湿生莎草 Wet sedge | 0.05 | 0.020~0.830 | 150 | 12.19 |
自然河道Natural drifts | 0.11 | 0.003~0.520 | 119 | 26.37 |
石南灌丛Dry heath | 0.05 | 0.002~1.210 | 92 | 9.46 |
水道Water track | 0.16 | 0.066~0.749 | 30 | 21.65 |
草丛 (非酸性) Tussock (Nonacidic) | 0.01 | 0.007~0.082 | 20 | 2.10 |
湿生矮灌丛 Moist dwarf shrub | 0.02 | 0.019~0.088 | 20 | 0.55 |
干扰/再生植被Disturbed/Revegetated | 0.03 | 0.010~0.186 | 20 | 4.55 |
平均Average | 0.11 | 0.002~1.359 | 12.30 |
地点 Location | 生态系统类型 Ecosystem types | 冬季CO2排放量 Winter CO2 efflux |
---|---|---|
美国科罗拉多州Colorado, USA | 针叶林Coniferous | 143、145 ( |
芬兰 Finland | 针叶林 Coniferous | 60~90 ( |
美国科罗拉多州 Colorado, USA | 针叶林 Coniferous | 45 ( |
美国怀俄明州Wyoming, Glees, USA | 针叶林 Coniferous | 110 ( |
加拿大 Canada | 针叶林 Coniferous | 40~55 ( |
美国科罗拉多州 Colorado, USA | 针叶林 Coniferous | 71 ( |
美国爱达荷州Idoho, USA | 针叶林 Coniferous | 132 ( |
加拿大 Canada | 落叶林 Deciduous | 89~132 ( |
美国科罗拉多州 Colorado, USA | 落叶林Deciduous | 81 ( |
美国怀俄明州Wyoming, Glees, USA | 落叶林Deciduous | 152 ( |
日本歧阜县 Gifu Prefecture, Japan | 落叶林Deciduous | 22.4 ( |
表2 已发表的季节性积雪森林生态系统冬季土壤呼吸的年释放量(g C·m-2)
Table 2 Reported values of winter CO2 efflux (g C·m-2) from seasonally snow-covered forests
地点 Location | 生态系统类型 Ecosystem types | 冬季CO2排放量 Winter CO2 efflux |
---|---|---|
美国科罗拉多州Colorado, USA | 针叶林Coniferous | 143、145 ( |
芬兰 Finland | 针叶林 Coniferous | 60~90 ( |
美国科罗拉多州 Colorado, USA | 针叶林 Coniferous | 45 ( |
美国怀俄明州Wyoming, Glees, USA | 针叶林 Coniferous | 110 ( |
加拿大 Canada | 针叶林 Coniferous | 40~55 ( |
美国科罗拉多州 Colorado, USA | 针叶林 Coniferous | 71 ( |
美国爱达荷州Idoho, USA | 针叶林 Coniferous | 132 ( |
加拿大 Canada | 落叶林 Deciduous | 89~132 ( |
美国科罗拉多州 Colorado, USA | 落叶林Deciduous | 81 ( |
美国怀俄明州Wyoming, Glees, USA | 落叶林Deciduous | 152 ( |
日本歧阜县 Gifu Prefecture, Japan | 落叶林Deciduous | 22.4 ( |
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