不同生育时期干旱对冬小麦氮素吸收与利用的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以抗旱性强的‘石家庄8号’和抗旱性弱的‘偃麦20’冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)为材料, 在田间遮雨棚条件下, 研究返青-拔节期、拔节-开花期和灌浆后期3个生育期不同干旱程度对冬小麦产量、氮素吸收、分配和利用的影响。结果表明, 在干旱条件下, 抗旱性强的‘石家庄8号’产量高于抗旱性弱的‘偃麦20’, 并且其3个生育时期轻度干旱均可提高产量。拔节-开花期干旱对两个冬小麦品种氮素的吸收和运转影响均最大, 其次为返青-拔节期, 而灌浆后期影响较小。不同生育期中度和重度干旱均降低了花前贮藏氮素向籽粒中的转移, 并且氮肥利用效率和生产率也较低, 而在返青-拔节和灌浆后期轻度干旱有利于营养器官的氮素向籽粒中转移, 提高了氮肥利用效率和生产率。在干旱条件下, 抗旱性强的‘石家庄8号’籽粒氮素积累对花前贮藏氮素再运转的依赖程度高, 而‘偃麦20’对花后氮素的积累和转移依赖较高。综合产量和氮素的转移特点, 在生产实践中, 返青-拔节期和灌浆后期要注意对小麦进行适度的干旱处理, 在拔节-开花期要保证冬小麦的充分灌溉, 从而有利于氮素的积累和分配。

关键词: 不同生育期, 氮素吸收, 利用, 水胁迫, 冬小麦

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to investigate the effects of different water stress levels on yield, N absorption, allocation and utilization in winter wheat cultivars ‘Shijiazhuang 8’ (drought resistant) and ‘Yanmai 20’ (drought sensitive) during different growth durations.

Methods We divided the growing stages of winter wheat into recovering-jointing, jointing-flowering and late filling. Soil water levels based on field capacity were 75%-80% (control, full water supply or well-watered), 65%-70% (light drought stress), 55%-60% (medium drought stress) and 40%-45% (severe drought stress) from winter wheat seeding to maturity and were controlled by irrigation and mobile rain shelters.

Important findings The drought resistant cultivar ‘Shijiazhuang 8’ had a higher grain yield than ‘Yanmai 20’ under drought stress, and medium drought stress in all the three durations can increase winter wheat yield. Drought stress in the jointing-flowering stage has the greatest effects on N assimilation and translocation in winter wheat, the second greatest being in the recovering-jointing stage, while that in late filling stage has few effects. Both medium and severe drought stress during different growth durations will lower the translocation of stored nitrogen before anthesis into grain, as well as N utilization rate and productivity; on the other hand, light drought stress in the recovering-jointing and late filling stages can improve the translocation of stored N into grain as well as N utilization rate and productivity. Under drought stress, N accumulation in grain of drought-resistant ‘Shijia- zhuang 8’ relies more on the retranslocation of stored N before anthesis, while that of ‘Yanmai 20’ relies more on the N accumulation and translocation after anthesis. Considering yield and N translocation of wheat, light drought stress during the recovering-jointing and late filling stages is necessary, as well as sufficient irrigation during jointing-flowering stage, so as to improve N accumulation and partitioning.

Key words: different growth durations, N absorption, utilization, water stress, winter wheat

刘恩科, 梅旭荣, 龚道枝, 严昌荣, 庄严. 不同生育时期干旱对冬小麦氮素吸收与利用的影响. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(5): 555-562. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.009

LIU En-Ke, MEI Xu-Rong, GONG Dao-Zhi, YAN Chang-Rong, ZHUANG Yan. Effects of drought on N absorption and utilization in winter wheat at different developmental stages. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(5): 555-562. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.009

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.009

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I5/555

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	‘偃麦20’ ‘Yanmai 20’	‘石家庄8号’ ‘Shijiazhuang 8’
T1	5 375^d	6 100^e
T2	6 725^c	7 150^c
T3	7 675^a	8 250^b
T4	6 475^c	7 275^cd
T5	6 725^c	7 550^c
T6	7 125^b	8 200^b
T7	6 500^c	7 100^c
T8	6 550^c	7 575^c
T9	7 425^a	8 450^a
T10	7 450^a	8 150^b

处理 Treatment	‘偃麦20’ ‘Yanmai 20’	‘石家庄8号’ ‘Shijiazhuang 8’
T1	5 375^d	6 100^e
T2	6 725^c	7 150^c
T3	7 675^a	8 250^b
T4	6 475^c	7 275^cd
T5	6 725^c	7 550^c
T6	7 125^b	8 200^b
T7	6 500^c	7 100^c
T8	6 550^c	7 575^c
T9	7 425^a	8 450^a
T10	7 450^a	8 150^b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain	叶 Leaf	茎鞘+颖壳+穗轴 Stem, spike and glume
‘偃麦20’ ‘Yanmai 20’	T1	23.7^c	10.7^a	4.8^b
	T2	23.8^c	9.9^ab	4.6^bc
	T3	23.6^c	10.7^a	4.3^c
	T4	19.2^d	9.4^b	4.7^b
	T5	22.6^c	9.2^b	4.9^b
	T6	23.1^c	8.4^c	4.1^c
	T7	27.7^b	6.8^c	4.8^b
	T8	29.6^a	7.9^c	5.6^a
	T9	28.1^b	7.6^cd	5.1^b
	T10	28.2^b	8.0^c	4.0^c
‘石家庄 8号’ ‘Shijiazhuang 8’	T1	21.6^c	10.3^a	5.8^a
	T2	20.0^d	9.9^a	3.9^c
	T3	20.4^cd	10.1^a	4.9^b
	T4	18.3^e	7.8^b	5.2^ab
	T5	18.8^e	8.2^b	4.4^b
	T6	19.8^d	8.5^b	4.6^b
	T7	22.6^b	8.5^b	4.3^b
	T8	23.6^b	8.7^b	4.8^b
	T9	24.7^a	8.3^b	4.5^b
	T10	24.1^ab	8.2^b	4.4^b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain	叶 Leaf	茎鞘+颖壳+穗轴 Stem, spike and glume
‘偃麦20’ ‘Yanmai 20’	T1	23.7^c	10.7^a	4.8^b
	T2	23.8^c	9.9^ab	4.6^bc
	T3	23.6^c	10.7^a	4.3^c
	T4	19.2^d	9.4^b	4.7^b
	T5	22.6^c	9.2^b	4.9^b
	T6	23.1^c	8.4^c	4.1^c
	T7	27.7^b	6.8^c	4.8^b
	T8	29.6^a	7.9^c	5.6^a
	T9	28.1^b	7.6^cd	5.1^b
	T10	28.2^b	8.0^c	4.0^c
‘石家庄 8号’ ‘Shijiazhuang 8’	T1	21.6^c	10.3^a	5.8^a
	T2	20.0^d	9.9^a	3.9^c
	T3	20.4^cd	10.1^a	4.9^b
	T4	18.3^e	7.8^b	5.2^ab
	T5	18.8^e	8.2^b	4.4^b
	T6	19.8^d	8.5^b	4.6^b
	T7	22.6^b	8.5^b	4.3^b
	T8	23.6^b	8.7^b	4.8^b
	T9	24.7^a	8.3^b	4.5^b
	T10	24.1^ab	8.2^b	4.4^b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain		叶片 Leaf		茎鞘+颖壳+穗轴 Stem, spike and glume		总积累量 Total accumulation amount (kg?hm^-2)
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	积累量 Accumulation amount (kg?hm^-2)	比例 Proportion (%)	积累量 Accumulation amount (kg?hm^-2)	比例 Proportion (%)	积累量 Accumulation amount (kg?hm^-2)	比例 Proportion (%)	总积累量 Total accumulation amount (kg?hm^-2)
‘偃麦20’ ‘Yanmai 20’	T1	127.2^e	81.1	10.2^d	6.5	19.4^e	12.4	156.8
	T2	160.4^c	81.8	11.2^d	5.7	24.4^d	12.5	196.0
	T3	181.0^c	82.7	16.1^b	7.3	21.8^e	9.9	218.9
	T4	124.4^e	76.8	10.8^d	6.7	26.8^d	16.5	161.9
	T5	151.8^d	79.5	11.0^d	5.8	28.2^d	14.8	191.0
	T6	164.3^d	83.6	10.1^d	5.2	22.1	11.2	196.4
	T7	179.8^c	78.2	13.2^d	5.7	37.0^b	16.1	230.0
	T8	194.0^b	76.6	14.6^cd	5.8	44.6^a	17.6	253.2
	T9	208.6^a	78.2	20.1^a	7.5	38.2^b	14.3	266.8
	T10	210.2^a	82.1	15.8^b	6.2	30.0^c	11.7	256.0
‘石家庄8号’ ‘Shijianzhuang 8’	T1	131.6^e	76.6	8.9^d	5.2	31.3^c	18.2	171.8
	T2	143.0^e	79.4	11.7^c	6.5	25.4^d	14.1	180.1
	T3	168.1^d	78.6	12.0^c	5.6	33.8^b	15.8	213.8
	T4	133.0^e	80.0	6.9^e	4.1	26.3^d	15.8	166.2
	T5	141.9^e	81.5	8.1^d	4.7	24.0^d	13.8	174.0
	T6	162.0^d	81.8	9.5^d	4.8	26.5^d	13.4	198.1
	T7	160.4^d	76.1	15.5^a	7.3	34.8^a	16.5	210.7
	T8	178.7^c	77.7	15.5^a	6.7	35.7^a	15.5	229.9
	T9	208.5^a	80.7	14.6^a	5.6	35.4^a	13.7	258.5
	T10	196.1^b	81.7	13.8^b	5.7	30.2^c	12.6	240.0