连续干旱对蒙古高原草地恢复力和抵抗力的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0100

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1070-1081.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0100 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0100

连续干旱对蒙古高原草地恢复力和抵抗力的影响

王尧¹^,²(), 王耀彬¹^,², 陈子彦¹^,², 伊如汉³, 白永飞², 赵玉金²^,^*(), 金晶炜¹^,^*()

¹西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
²中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
³正蓝旗草原工作站, 内蒙古锡林浩特 027200

收稿日期:2024-04-07 接受日期:2024-05-27 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2024-10-11
通讯作者: ^*赵玉金, E-mail: zhaoyj@ibcas.ac.cn;
金晶炜, E-mail: jinjingweisoil2008@gmail.com
作者简介:ORCID:王尧: 0009-0003-3362-3327
基金资助:
国家草业技术创新中心(筹)重大创新平台建设专项(CCPTZX2023B02-1);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0011-04)

Effect of consecutive drought on the resilience and resistance of the grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau

WANG Yao¹^,²(), WANG Yao-Bin¹^,², CHEN Zi-Yan¹^,², YI Ru-Han³, BAI Yong-Fei², ZHAO Yu-Jin²^,^*(), JIN Jing-Wei¹^,^*()

¹College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
²Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³Zhenglan Banner Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xilinhot, Nei Mongol 027200, China

Received:2024-04-07 Accepted:2024-05-27 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2024-10-11
Supported by:
National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation (under preparation) Special Fund for Innovation Platform Construction(CCPTZX2023B02-1);Key Science & Technology Special Program of Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0011-04)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蒙古高原草原生态系统是欧亚草原的核心组成部分, 是中国北方的重要生态安全屏障。长期以来, 气候变化导致蒙古高原干旱事件发生的强度、频度和持续时间显著增加, 对草原生态系统初级生产力和稳定性产生了重要影响。目前, 很少有研究探索蒙古高原不同草原类型的恢复力和抵抗力对连续干旱的响应。该研究基于2000-2020年标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和净初级生产力(NPP)长时间序列数据, 量化了蒙古高原草原生态系统在连续干旱(1-4年)下的抵抗力和恢复力及其时空变化, 比较了草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原的抵抗力和恢复力对极端干旱和中度干旱响应的差异。结果表明: (1)除连续2年干旱外, 中度干旱下草地的抵抗力普遍高于极端干旱, 但草原对极端干旱的恢复能力更强。(2)随着连续干旱年份增加, 极端干旱和中度干旱下草地抵抗力都表现出下降趋势; 但随着连续干旱年份增加, 极端干旱下草地恢复力逐渐增强, 而在中度干旱下草地恢复力却有减小的趋势。(3)沿降水量递减的空间梯度, 草甸草原的抵抗力最高, 典型草原次之, 荒漠草原的抵抗力最低; 相反，荒漠草原的恢复力最高, 草甸草原的恢复力最低。(4)沿时间尺度, 2011-2020年草原抵抗力高于2001-2010年, 恢复力则与之相反; 随着连续干旱年份的增加, 3种草原类型在2000-2010和2011-2020年抵抗力均有下降趋势, 但草原恢复力呈先增加(2000-2010年)后降低(2011-2020年)的趋势。该研究对于深入理解气候变化对蒙古高原草原生态系统结构、功能和服务的影响机制, 促进区域生态安全和可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 蒙古高原, 草地生态系统, 干旱, 抵抗力, 恢复力

Abstract:

Aims The grasslands of Mongolian Plateau are the core of the Eurasian grassland ecosystem and serve as an important ecological barrier in northern China. Climate change has significantly increased the intensity, frequency, and duration of drought events across the Mongolian Plateau. Therefore, assessing the resistance and resilience of the Mongolian Plateau grasslands quantitatively helps deepen our understanding of their responses to climatic anomalies. However, few studies have explored how different grassland types on the Mongolian Plateau withstand consecutive droughts.
Methods In this study, we used long-term series data from 2000 to 2020 on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and net primary productivity (NPP) to quantify the resistance and resilience of the Mongolian Plateau grassland ecosystem to consecutive droughts (1-4 a) and analyze its spatiotemporal variations. Furthermore, we compared the responses of three main types of grasslands (meadow steppe, typical steppe, and desert steppe) to extreme and moderate droughts.
Important findings Our results show that: (1) Grasslands generally exhibit higher resistance under moderate drought compared to extreme drought, except during two consecutive drought years. However, they are more resilient to extreme drought. (2) As the number of consecutive drought years increases, the resistance declines for both extreme and moderate droughts, while resilience initially increases under extreme drought but decreases under moderate drought. (3) Along the spatial gradient of decreasing precipitation, meadow steppe exhibits the highest resistance, followed by typical steppe, while desert steppe shows the lowest resistance. In contrast, desert steppe demonstrates the highest resilience, whereas meadow steppe has the lowest resilience. (4) Over time, the resistance of grasslands was higher from 2011-2020 compared to 2001-2010, while resilience was lower in the later period. As consecutive drought years increase, the resistance for all types of grasslands declines in both periods (2000-2010 and 2011-2020), while resilience initially increases (2000-2010) and then decreases (2011-2020). These insights are crucial for maintaining the Mongolian Plateau’s ecological barrier, ensuring its ecological services, and supporting both regional and global ecological security and sustainable development.

Key words: Mongolian Plateau, grassland ecosystem, drought, resistance, resilience

王尧, 王耀彬, 陈子彦, 伊如汉, 白永飞, 赵玉金, 金晶炜. 连续干旱对蒙古高原草地恢复力和抵抗力的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(7): 1070-1081. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0100

WANG Yao, WANG Yao-Bin, CHEN Zi-Yan, YI Ru-Han, BAI Yong-Fei, ZHAO Yu-Jin, JIN Jing-Wei. Effect of consecutive drought on the resilience and resistance of the grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(7): 1070-1081. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0100

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0100

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I7/1070

图/表 6

图1 蒙古高原草地净初级生产力(NPP) (A)、年降水量(MAP) (B)、干旱等级(C)、草地类型(D)分布图, 以及NPP和标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)随时间变化图(E). E中红色横线表示干旱等级为极端干旱(SPEI ≤ -1.28)和中度干旱(-1.28 ≤ SPEI ≤ -0.67)。

Fig. 1 Distribution map of Mongolian Plateau Grasslands net primary production (NPP) (A), mean annual precipitation (MAP) (B), drought severity levels (C), grassland types (D), and change of NPP and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) over the years (E). The red horizontal lines in E indicate drought severity levels: SPEI ≤ -1.28 represents extreme drought, while -1.28 ≤ SPEI ≤ -0.67 represents moderate drought.

表1 标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)干旱等级分类表

Table 1 Dry severity level classified by standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) value

SPEI	严重程度 Severity level
-1.28 > SPEI	极端干旱 Extreme drought
-0.67 ≥ SPEI ≥ -1.28	中度干旱 Moderate drought
0.67 > SPEI > -0.67	正常 Normal

图2 蒙古高原草地抵抗力(A)和恢复力(B)空间分布格局, 抵抗力(C)和恢复力(D)沿年降水量梯度变化, 以及不同草地类型抵抗力和恢复力(E)。实线是最佳拟合线(p < 0.05), 阴影区域表示95%的置信区间。*, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution patterns of resistance (A) and resilience (B) in Mongolian Plateau Grasslands, variation of resistance (C) and resilience (D) along the mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradient, resistance and resilience of different grassland types (E). The solid lines are the best fitted lines (p < 0.05), and the shaded area represents the 95% confidence space. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001.

图3 连续干旱下蒙古高原整个区域、草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原不同干旱强度的抵抗力和恢复力(平均值±标准误)。*表示差异显著(p < 0.05), **表示差异非常显著(p < 0.01), ***表示差异极显著(p < 0.001), ns表示差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Change of the resistance and resilience to different drought intensities across the entire region of the Mongolian Plateau, as well as meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe under continuous drought (mean ± SE). * indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05), ** indicates a very significant difference (p < 0.01), *** indicates a highly significant difference (p < 0.001), and ns indicates no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05).

图4 蒙古高原草地2000-2010 (A、B)、2011-2020年(C、D)的抵抗力和恢复力及其变化(E、F)。A、C、E代表抵抗力; B、D、F代表恢复力。

Fig. 4 Resistance and resilience, as well as their changes (E, F), of the grasslands in the Mongolian Plateau during 2000-2010 (A, B) and 2011-2020 (C, D). A, C, E indicate resistance; B, D, F indicate resilience.

图5 连续干旱下蒙古高原整个区域、草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原不同时期的抵抗力和恢复力(平均值±标准误)。*表示差异显著(p < 0.05), **表示差异非常显著(p < 0.01), ***表示差异极显著(p < 0.001), ns表示差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Change of the resistance and resilience to different time periods across the entire region of the Mongolian Plateau, as well as meadow steppe, typical steppe, and desert steppe under continuous drought (mean ± SE). * indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05), ** indicates a very significant difference (p < 0.01), *** indicates a highly significant difference (p < 0.001), and ns indicates no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05).

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连续干旱对蒙古高原草地恢复力和抵抗力的影响

Effect of consecutive drought on the resilience and resistance of the grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau

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