青藏高原几种典型高山植物的光合特性比较

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用西宁地区人工栽培的高山植物唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum)、山莨菪(Anisodus tanguticus)和麻花艽(Gentiana straminea),比较了3种高山植物之间光合作用的光响应和CO₂响应特性,叶片光合色素以及UV-B吸收物质的差异;并以低海拔植物菘蓝(Isatis indigotica)为对比,分析了高山植物与低海拔植物的差异。结果表明:与低海拔植物菘蓝相比,3种高山植物光合作用的表观量子效率(AQY)都偏低;唐古特大黄叶片的AQY、羧化效率(CE)和光呼吸速率(R_p)都很低,净光合速率(P_n)的光响应曲线在全日照光辐射范围内并没有达到完全饱和,这与单位面积叶片具有较高的光合色素以及UV-B吸收物质有关;麻花艽植物与唐古特大黄一样,具有较高的UV-B吸收物质和光合色素含量,但其R_p较高,加之P_n受气孔限制较为明显,故其光合作用的饱和光强很低,P_n相对于其它3种植物也较低;山莨菪与低海拔植物菘蓝的光合特性很相似,都具有较高的AQY和CE。这些结果表明,3种高山植物的光合特性有较大差异,但并没有一致的相对于低海拔植物的共性。4种植物P_n的胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)响应曲线在CO₂饱和点以后都表现为无机磷(P_i)再生限制,其R_p的变化与CO₂饱和点以后的最大P_n的变化基本一致。

关键词: 青藏高原, 高山植物, 药用植物, 光合特性

Abstract:

The photosynthetic characteristics of three medicinal alpine plants, Rheum tanguticum, Anisodus tanguticus and Gentiana straminea, were studied and compared to a low land species, Isatis indigotica. The response of net photosynthesis rate (P_n) to intercellular CO₂ concentrations (C_i) and photon flux density (PFD) was determined using a LI-6400 photosynthesis system. The photosynthetic pigments and UV-B-absorbing compounds also were determined in the four species in order to evaluate differences in their photosynthetic characteristics. The results indicated that the three alpine plants had relatively low photosynthetic quantum yields (AQY) as compared to the low land species of I. indigotica, and AQY, carboxylation efficiency (CE) and photorespiratory rate (R_p) were the lowest in R. tanguticum. However, P_n did not respond strongly to changes in PFD, which may be due to the high concentration of photosynthetic pigments and UV-B-absorbing compounds in the leaves. Similar to R. tanguticum, the alpine plant G. straminea also had higher contents of UV-B-absorbing compounds, chlorophyll and carotenoids, but its R_p was higher and P_n was limited by stomatal conductance in response to PFD and P_n was lower. The photosynthetic characteristics of the alpine species, A. tanguticus, was similar to the low land species, I. indigotica, both of which had a high AQY and CE. These results indicated that although there were some differences among the three alpine species, no corresponding characteristics appeared in photosynthetic advancements. The response of P_n to C_i exhibited Pi regeneration limitations after reaching full CO₂ saturation. The changes of R_p in the four species were similar to that of maximum P_n in photosynthetic C_i response.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet plateau, Alpine plant, Medicinal plant, Photosynthetic characteristics

师生波, 李惠梅, 王学英, 岳向国, 徐文华, 陈桂琛. 青藏高原几种典型高山植物的光合特性比较. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(1): 40-46. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0006

SHI Sheng-Bo, LI Hui-Mei, WANG Xue-Ying, YUE Xiang-Guo, XU Wen-Hua, CHEN Gui-Chen. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS IN TYPICAL ALPINE PLANTS OF THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 40-46. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0006

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参考文献 22

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	表观量子效率AQY (μmol CO₂·μmol^-1 photon)	光补偿点Φ_i (μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1)	暗呼吸速率R_d (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	最大净光合速率P_max (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)
唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum	0.030 4±0.005 0^a	86.00±14.74^a	-2.88±0.46^a	20.03±3.83^a
山茛菪Anisodus tanguticus	0.047 4±0.001 5^b	41.31±9.89^b	-2.38±0.46^ab	15.14±0.80^b
菘蓝Isatis indigotica	0.051 8±0.000 9^b	48.67±4.83^b	-3.01±0.12^a	15.53±1.57^b
麻花艽Gentiana straminea	0.037 2±0.005 6^c	48.13±14.56^b	-1.84±0.49^b	9.15±2.23^c

	表观量子效率AQY (μmol CO₂·μmol^-1 photon)	光补偿点Φ_i (μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1)	暗呼吸速率R_d (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	最大净光合速率P_max (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)
唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum	0.030 4±0.005 0^a	86.00±14.74^a	-2.88±0.46^a	20.03±3.83^a
山茛菪Anisodus tanguticus	0.047 4±0.001 5^b	41.31±9.89^b	-2.38±0.46^ab	15.14±0.80^b
菘蓝Isatis indigotica	0.051 8±0.000 9^b	48.67±4.83^b	-3.01±0.12^a	15.53±1.57^b
麻花艽Gentiana straminea	0.037 2±0.005 6^c	48.13±14.56^b	-1.84±0.49^b	9.15±2.23^c

	羧化效率CE (μmol·μmol^-1)	光呼吸速率R_p (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	CO₂补偿点Γ (μmol CO₂·mol^-1)
唐古特大黄Rdeum tanguticum	0.045 3±0.006 6^a	-2.58±0.33^a	57.30±5.69^ac
山茛菪Anisodus tanguticus	0.111 6±0.002 6^b	-4.49±0.27^b	40.18±1.48^b
菘蓝Isatis indigotica	0.107 7±0.013 9^bc	-6.00±0.75^c	55.77±1.70^c
麻花艽Gentiana Straminea	0.090 2±0.011 9^c	-6.45±0.66^c	71.63±2.55^d

	羧化效率CE (μmol·μmol^-1)	光呼吸速率R_p (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	CO₂补偿点Γ (μmol CO₂·mol^-1)
唐古特大黄Rdeum tanguticum	0.045 3±0.006 6^a	-2.58±0.33^a	57.30±5.69^ac
山茛菪Anisodus tanguticus	0.111 6±0.002 6^b	-4.49±0.27^b	40.18±1.48^b
菘蓝Isatis indigotica	0.107 7±0.013 9^bc	-6.00±0.75^c	55.77±1.70^c
麻花艽Gentiana Straminea	0.090 2±0.011 9^c	-6.45±0.66^c	71.63±2.55^d

	UV-B吸收物质 UV-B-absorbing compounds (A·cm^-2·40 ml^-1)	叶绿素 Chlorophyll (mg·cm^-2)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid (mg·cm^-2)
唐古特大黄Rdeum tanguticum	41.6831±5.7752^ad	0.1338±0.0136^ad	0.0652±0.0055^a
山茛菪Anisodus tanguticus	15.4925±2.5225^b	0.0838±0.0089^b	0.0404±0.0040^b
菘蓝Isatis indigotica	25.0854±2.3132^c	0.0417±0.0117^c	0.0177±0.0049^c
麻花艽Gentiana Straminea	37.2295±6.9890^d	0.1294±0.0126^d	0.0576±0.0037^d