南亚热带贫营养水库春季浮游植物群落结构与动态

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2005年1~6月,通过每两周一次的高频率采样,对南亚热带贫营养水库——梅溪水库的水文、营养盐和浮游植物进行了调查,并计算水体浮游植物生物量。主要结果如下:梅溪水库浮游植物具有物种少,生物量低,以飞燕角甲藻(Ceratium hirundinella)和多甲藻(Peridinium sp.)为优势藻的特征。12次采样24个样品共检测到浮游植物42种。浮游植物在早春(1~3月)和晚春(4~6月)有显著的差别,其中每次采样浮游植物早春平均13种,晚春平均21种。浮游植物总的细胞丰度为31~273 cells·ml^-1,总生物量为0.176~2.024 mg·L^-1之间。晚春浮游植物平均生物量明显高于早春。低营养盐和弱酸性水体有利于能够垂直迁移获得营养的鞭毛藻类和其它藻类之间竞争,而使其成为整个春季优势类群。在晚春,随着水温显著增加,浮游植物丰度和生物量也明显增加,但是降雨的增加降低了水体的透明度,大大减缓了由水温上升导致生物量增长的趋势。水温是梅溪水库浮游植物变化的主要限制因子,但是降雨有明显的干扰作用。

关键词: 浮游植物, 动态, 春季, 水库

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this paper was to describe the phytoplankton community and dynamics of Meixi Reservoir, a small oligotrophic reservoir in the southern subtopics of China.

Methods Hydrological parameters, nutrition and phytoplankton were investigated at the center of the reservoir every two weeks in spring from January to June 2005. Nutrient concentrations were measured by BG3838-2002. Phytoplankton were identified, counted and measured with microscopes, and their biomass was calculated based on cell morphometrics.

Important findings The phytoplankton community was characterized by low species number, biomass and dominance by two dinoflagellate species, Ceratium hirundinella and Peridinium sp. In total, 42 taxa were identified from 24 samples. The community was distinctively different between early spring (January to March) and late spring (April to June). Only about 12 species were observed in each sampling in the early spring, but 21 species in the late spring. The total abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 31 to 273 cells·ml^-1, and the total biomass of phytoplankton ranged from 0.176 to 2.024 mg·L^-1. The average biomass of phytoplankton was higher in late spring than in early spring. Dinoflagellates had an advantage in competition with other species and were able to move vertically to get nutrients from near the bottom of the reservoir. In late spring,phytoplankton abundance and biomass increased significantly with water temperature, but decreased with rainfall, apparently as water transparence declined due to disturbance from precipitation. Therefore, water temperature was the main factor restricting the phytoplankton community, but was disturbed by rainfall. This study provided base data for phytoplankton communities in oligotrophic water bodies and was helpful to understand possible changes with cultural eutrophication.

Key words: phytoplankton, dynamics, spring, reservoir

李秋华, 胡韧, 韩博平. 南亚热带贫营养水库春季浮游植物群落结构与动态. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(2): 313-319. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0036

LI Qiu-Hua, HU Ren, HAN Bo-Ping. SPRING DYNAMICS OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY OF AN OLIGO-TROPHIC RESERVOIR IN THE SOUTHERN SUBTROPICS OF CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(2): 313-319. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0036

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0036

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I2/313

图/表 7

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	1~3月 January to March	4~6月 April to June	1~6月 January to June
NO₂-N (mg·L^-1)	0.003	0.001	0.002
NO₃-N (mg·L^-1)	0.291	0.261	0.280
NH₄-N (mg·L^-1)	0.026	0.026	0.026
TN (mg·L^-1)	0.610	0.520	0.564
PO₄-P (mg·L^-1)	0.004	0.007	0.006
TP(mg·L^-1)	0.020	0.019	0.020

	1~3月 January to March	4~6月 April to June	1~6月 January to June
NO₂-N (mg·L^-1)	0.003	0.001	0.002
NO₃-N (mg·L^-1)	0.291	0.261	0.280
NH₄-N (mg·L^-1)	0.026	0.026	0.026
TN (mg·L^-1)	0.610	0.520	0.564
PO₄-P (mg·L^-1)	0.004	0.007	0.006
TP(mg·L^-1)	0.020	0.019	0.020

物种 Taxon	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l
绿藻门Chlorophyta
双对栅藻Scenedesmus bijugatus			+				+
单角盘星藻Pediastrum simplex	+						+	+	+
单角盘星藻具孔变种Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium		+						+
凹顶鼓藻Euastrum spp.		+		+			+
钝角角星鼓藻Staurastrum retusum		+		+					+		+	+
厚变浮游角星鼓藻Staurastrum natator				+			+					+
微小四角藻Tetra?dron minimum	+		+	+		+	+
小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	+	+	+		+	+	+		+	+	+	+
韦斯藻Westella botryoides	+					+	+				+	+
蹄形藻Kirchneriella lunaris	+		++									+
水绵Spirogyra sp.		+
布朗葡萄藻Botryococcus braunii	+	+	+	+			+		+	+	+	+
二角盘星藻Pediastrum duplex				+				+
微芒藻Micractinium pusillum						+		+
放射多芒藻Golenkinia radiata						+	+
二形栅藻Scenedesmus dimorphus							+		+		+
空星藻Coelastrum spaericum							+		+		+
长绿梭藻Chlorogonium elongatum									+	+	+	+
异刺四星藻Tetrastrum heterocanthum										+
顶接鼓藻Spondylosium moniliforme												+
月芽藻Selenastrum bibraianum												+
硅藻门Bacillariophyta
梅尼小环藻Cyclotella meneghiniana	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
肘状针杆藻Synedra ulna	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
曲壳藻Achnanthes sp.	+	+	+	+	+			+	+	+	+	+
颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata		+	+			+	+	+
异极藻Gamphonema sp.						+
舟形藻Navicula spp.			+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+
羽纹藻Pinnularia spp.								+	+	+
桥弯藻Cymbella laevis								+
窗格平板藻Tabellaria fenestriata								+	+	+	+	+
模糊直链藻Melosira ambigua									+
根管藻Rhizosolenia sp.									+	+	+	+
甲藻门Pyrrophyta
飞燕角甲藻Ceratium hirundinella	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++
多甲藻Peridinium sp.	++	+	+	++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++
金藻Chrysophyta
分歧锥囊藻Dinobryon divergens	+	++	+			+	+	+	+	+	+	+
具尾鱼鳞藻Mallomonas caudata	+	+	+	+	+	+			+			+
裸藻门Euglenophyta
棘刺囊裸藻Trachelomonas hispida	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
隐藻门Cryptophyta
隐藻Crytomonas sp.						+	+	+
蓝藻门Cyanophyta
具缘微囊藻Microcystis marginata							+	+
小形色球藻Chroococcus minutus							+	+		+		+
假鱼腥藻Pseudanabaena sp.								+	+	+	+	+
拟拄孢藻Cylindrospermopsis sp.								+	+	+

物种 Taxon	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l
绿藻门Chlorophyta
双对栅藻Scenedesmus bijugatus			+				+
单角盘星藻Pediastrum simplex	+						+	+	+
单角盘星藻具孔变种Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium		+						+
凹顶鼓藻Euastrum spp.		+		+			+
钝角角星鼓藻Staurastrum retusum		+		+					+		+	+
厚变浮游角星鼓藻Staurastrum natator				+			+					+
微小四角藻Tetra?dron minimum	+		+	+		+	+
小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	+	+	+		+	+	+		+	+	+	+
韦斯藻Westella botryoides	+					+	+				+	+
蹄形藻Kirchneriella lunaris	+		++									+
水绵Spirogyra sp.		+
布朗葡萄藻Botryococcus braunii	+	+	+	+			+		+	+	+	+
二角盘星藻Pediastrum duplex				+				+
微芒藻Micractinium pusillum						+		+
放射多芒藻Golenkinia radiata						+	+
二形栅藻Scenedesmus dimorphus							+		+		+
空星藻Coelastrum spaericum							+		+		+
长绿梭藻Chlorogonium elongatum									+	+	+	+
异刺四星藻Tetrastrum heterocanthum										+
顶接鼓藻Spondylosium moniliforme												+
月芽藻Selenastrum bibraianum												+
硅藻门Bacillariophyta
梅尼小环藻Cyclotella meneghiniana	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
肘状针杆藻Synedra ulna	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
曲壳藻Achnanthes sp.	+	+	+	+	+			+	+	+	+	+
颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata		+	+			+	+	+
异极藻Gamphonema sp.						+
舟形藻Navicula spp.			+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+
羽纹藻Pinnularia spp.								+	+	+
桥弯藻Cymbella laevis								+
窗格平板藻Tabellaria fenestriata								+	+	+	+	+
模糊直链藻Melosira ambigua									+
根管藻Rhizosolenia sp.									+	+	+	+
甲藻门Pyrrophyta
飞燕角甲藻Ceratium hirundinella	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++
多甲藻Peridinium sp.	++	+	+	++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++
金藻Chrysophyta
分歧锥囊藻Dinobryon divergens	+	++	+			+	+	+	+	+	+	+
具尾鱼鳞藻Mallomonas caudata	+	+	+	+	+	+			+			+
裸藻门Euglenophyta
棘刺囊裸藻Trachelomonas hispida	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
隐藻门Cryptophyta
隐藻Crytomonas sp.						+	+	+
蓝藻门Cyanophyta
具缘微囊藻Microcystis marginata							+	+
小形色球藻Chroococcus minutus							+	+		+		+
假鱼腥藻Pseudanabaena sp.								+	+	+	+	+
拟拄孢藻Cylindrospermopsis sp.								+	+	+