北京东灵山地区常见灌丛生长及凋落物生产对氮添加的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0093

植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 71-80.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0093

所属专题：中国灌丛生态系统碳储量的研究

北京东灵山地区常见灌丛生长及凋落物生产对氮添加的响应

张建华^1,^2,^*(), 唐志尧³, 沈海花², 方精云^2,³

¹忻州师范学院, 山西忻州 034000
²中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
and ³北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2016-03-11 接受日期:2016-09-21 出版日期:2017-01-10 发布日期:2017-01-23
通讯作者: 张建华
作者简介:* 通信作者Author for correspondence (E-mail:sunzhiqiang1956@sina.com)
基金资助:
中国科学院战略先导性科技专项(XDA05050300)和全球变化国家重大科学研究计划(2010CB950600和2014CB954004)

Responses of growth and litterfall production to nitrogen addition treatments from common shrublands in Mt. Dongling, Beijing, China

Jian-Hua ZHANG^1,^2,^*(), Zhi-Yao TANG³, Hai-Hua SHEN², Jing-Yun FANG^2,³

¹Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, China

²State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
and
³College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2016-03-11 Accepted:2016-09-21 Online:2017-01-10 Published:2017-01-23
Contact: Jian-Hua ZHANG
About author:KANG Jing-yao(1991-), E-mail: kangjingyao_nj@163.com。

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国北方灌丛土壤瘠薄, 近几十年来的氮沉降显著提高了北方灌丛土壤的可利用氮水平。灌木生长是灌丛碳吸存的重要组成部分, 凋落物在土壤和植物间充当着至关重要的纽带作用, 是陆地生态系统养分与能量循环的关键, 灌丛生长和凋落物生产受氮添加的影响很大。然而, 大气氮沉降对灌丛碳吸存和凋落物生产的影响人们知之甚少。该研究以荆条(Vitex negundo var. heterophylla)和绣线菊(Spiraea salicifolia)灌丛为例, 通过0 (N₀)、20 (N₁)、50 (N₂)、100 (N₃) kg N·hm^-2·a^-1施氮实验, 研究了短期(2012-2013年)氮添加对东灵山地区典型灌丛生长及凋落物生成的影响。研究结果显示: 在4种氮添加处理中, 荆条灌丛灌木基径年增长率分别为1.69%、2.78%、2.51%和1.80%, 相应处理中, 绣线菊灌丛灌木基径年增长率分别为1.38%、1.37%、1.59%和2.05%; 与之对应的株高年增长率分别为8.36%、8.48%、9.49%和9.83% (荆条灌丛)和2.12%、2.86、2.36%、2.52% (绣线菊灌丛)。虽然处理之间的差异没有达到显著性水平, 但N沉降在一定程度上促进了灌木的生长。不同处理间, 荆条地上生物量增加了0.19、0.23、0.14、0.15 t C·hm^-2·a^-1, 绣线菊灌丛地上生物量增加了0.027、0.025、0.032、0.041 t C·hm^-2·a^-1。在自然条件下, 荆条和绣线菊灌丛2013年凋落物的年产量分别为135.7和129.6 g·m^-2。短期氮沉降对凋落物及组分的年产量有一定的促进作用, 但处理之间的差异没有达到显著性水平。研究结果表明施肥时间短、土壤含水量低等因素导致土壤可利用氮的利用效率很低, 从而使灌丛对施肥的响应比较缓慢。

关键词: 氮沉降, 碳循环, 温带灌丛, 生长率, 凋落物, 季节动态

Abstract:

Aims The shrublands of northern China have poor soil and nitrogen (N) deposition has greatly increased the local soil available N for decades. Shrub growth is one of important components of C sequestration in shrublands and litterfall acts as a vital link between plants and soil. Both are key factors in nutrient and energy cycling of terrestrial ecosystems, which greatly affected by nitrogen (N) addition (adding N fertilizer to the surface soil directly). However, the effects and significance of N addition on C sequestration and litterfall in shrublands remain unclear. Thus, a study was designed to investigate how N deposition and related treatments affected shrublands growth related to C sequestration and litterfall production of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla and Spiraea salicifolia in Mt. Dongling region of China.
Methods A N enrichment experiment has been conducted for V. negundo var. heterophylla and S. salicifolia shrublands in Mt. Dongling, Beijing, including four N addition treatment levels (control (N₀, 0 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), low N (N₁, 20 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), medium N (N₂, 50 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1) and high N (N₃, 100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)). Basal diameter and plant height of shrub were measured from 2012-2013 within all treatments, and allometric models for different species of shrub’s live branch, leaf and root biomass were developed based on independent variables of basal diameter and plant height, which will be used to calculate biomass increment of shrub layer. Litterfall (litterfall sometimes is named litter, referring to the collective name for all organic matter produced by the aboveground part of plants and returned to the surface, and mainly includes leaves, bark, dead twigs, flowers and fruits.) also was investigated from 2012-2013 within all treatments.
Important findings The results showed 1) mean basal diameter of shrubs in the V. negundo var. heterophylla and S. salicifolia shrublands were increased by 1.69%, 2.78%, 2.51%, 1.80% and 1.38%, 1.37%, 1.59%, 2.05% every year; 2) The height growth rate (the shrub height relative growth rate is defined with the percentage increase of plant height) of shrubs in the V. negundo var. heterophylla and S. salicifolia shrublands were 8.36%, 8.48%, 9.49%, 9.83% and 2.12%, 2.86%, 2.36%, 2.52% every year, respectively. Thee results indicated that N deposition stimulated growth of shrub layer both in V. negundo var. heterophylla and S. salicifolia shrublands, but did not reach statistical significance among all nitrogen treatments. The above-ground biomass increment of shrub layer in the V. negundo var. heterophylla and S. salicifolia shrublands were 0.19, 0.23, 0.14, 0.15 and 0.027, 0.025, 0.032, 0.041 t C·hm^-2·a^-1 respectively, which demonstrated that short-term N addition had no significant effects on the accumulation of C storage of the two shrublands. The litter production of the V. negundo var. heterophylla and S. salicifolia communities in 2013 were 135.7 and 129.6 g·m^-2under natural conditions, respectively. Nitrogen addition promoted annual production of total litterfall and different components of litterfall to a certain extent, but did not reach statistical significance among all nitrogen treatments. Above results indicated that short-term fertilization, together with extremely low soil moisture content and other related factors, lead to inefficient use of soil available nitrogen and slow response of shrublands to N addition treatments.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, carbon cycle, temperate shrublands, growth rate, litterfall, seasonal dynamics

张建华, 唐志尧, 沈海花, 方精云. 北京东灵山地区常见灌丛生长及凋落物生产对氮添加的响应. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(1): 71-80. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0093

Jian-Hua ZHANG, Zhi-Yao TANG, Hai-Hua SHEN, Jing-Yun FANG. Responses of growth and litterfall production to nitrogen addition treatments from common shrublands in Mt. Dongling, Beijing, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(1): 71-80. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0093

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图/表 7

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项目 Item	荆条灌丛 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrubland	绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea salicifolia shrubland
地形和气候 Topography and climate
海拔 Elevation (m)	791	1 170
坡向 Aspect	S	S
坡度 Slope (°)	28	25
年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (°C)	12.3	9.2
表层土壤特征 Topsoil property
土壤pH Soil pH	8.7	8.9
总碳含量 Total carbon (mg·g^-1)	28.88 ± 2.10	39.50 ± 5.03
总氮含量 Total nitrogen (mg·g^-1)	2.72 ± 0.32	2.29 ± 0.36
总磷含量 Total phosphorous (mg·g^-1)	0.47 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.03
无机氮含量 Inorganic nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	6.01 ± 2.38	2.51 ± 2.88
速效磷含量 Available phosphorous (mg·kg^-1)	1.03 ± 0.09	1.38 ± 0.77
群落特征 Community character
灌木高度 Shrub height (cm)	78.10 ± 12.37	79.80 ± 7.43
平均基径 Average base diameter (cm)	0.77 ± 1.77	0.56 ± 0.04
灌木密度 Shrub density (stems·hm^-2)	1.6 × 10⁵	3.6 × 10⁵

项目 Item	荆条灌丛 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrubland	绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea salicifolia shrubland
地形和气候 Topography and climate
海拔 Elevation (m)	791	1 170
坡向 Aspect	S	S
坡度 Slope (°)	28	25
年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (°C)	12.3	9.2
表层土壤特征 Topsoil property
土壤pH Soil pH	8.7	8.9
总碳含量 Total carbon (mg·g^-1)	28.88 ± 2.10	39.50 ± 5.03
总氮含量 Total nitrogen (mg·g^-1)	2.72 ± 0.32	2.29 ± 0.36
总磷含量 Total phosphorous (mg·g^-1)	0.47 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.03
无机氮含量 Inorganic nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	6.01 ± 2.38	2.51 ± 2.88
速效磷含量 Available phosphorous (mg·kg^-1)	1.03 ± 0.09	1.38 ± 0.77
群落特征 Community character
灌木高度 Shrub height (cm)	78.10 ± 12.37	79.80 ± 7.43
平均基径 Average base diameter (cm)	0.77 ± 1.77	0.56 ± 0.04
灌木密度 Shrub density (stems·hm^-2)	1.6 × 10⁵	3.6 × 10⁵

物种 Species	器官 Organ	变量 Variable	R²	方程 Equation
山杏	根 Root	D²H	0.81	y = 1.26x^0.77
Armeniaca sibirica	枝 Branch	D²H	0.94	y = 1.09x^0.79
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.87	y = 1.61x^0.56
	总计 Total	D²H	0.95	y = 3.53x^0.74
小叶白蜡	根 Root	D²H	0.88	y = 0.2x^0.91
Fraxinus bungeana	枝 Branch	D²H	0.50	y = 5.47x^0.51
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.77	y = 0.13x^0.8
	总计 Total	D²H	0.72	y = 4.47x^0.62
小叶鼠李	根 Root	D²H	0.95	y = 0.7x^0.85
Rhamnus	枝 Branch	D²H	0.96	y = 0.74x^0.91
parvifolia	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.88	y = 0.89x^0.58
	总计 Total	D²H	0.96	y = 1.95x^0.85
河朔荛花	根 Root	D²H	0.83	y = 0.81x^0.61
Wikstroemia	枝 Branch	D²H	0.95	y = 0.92x^0.78
chamedaphne	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.48	y = 1.32x^0.35
	总计 Total	D²H	0.92	y = 2.31x^0.68
绣线菊	根 Root	D²H	0.77	y = 0.18x^1.14
Spiraea salicifolia	枝 Branch	D²H	0.78	y = 0.23x^1.18
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.62	y = 0.07x^1.15
	总计 Total	D²H	0.79	y = 0.48x^1.16
荆条	根 Root	D²H	0.84	y = 0.2x^1.09
Vitex negundo var.	枝 Branch	D²H	0.82	y = 0.54x^0.95
heterophylla	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.66	y = 0.86x^0.59
	总计 Total	D²H	0.90	y = 1.07x^0.95
蚂蚱腿子	根 Root	D²H	0.95	y = 0.07x^1.16
Myripnois dioica	枝 Branch	D²H	0.91	y = 0.42x^1.00
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.79	y = 0.31x^0.71
	总计 Total	D²H	0.95	y = 0.64x^1.00
胡枝子	根 Root	D²H	0.41	y = 0.19x^1.06
Lespedeza bicolor	枝 Branch	D²H	0.87	y = 0.15x^1.5
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.84	y = 0.29x^1.25
	总计 Total	D²H	0.84	y = 0.61x^1.29

物种 Species	器官 Organ	变量 Variable	R²	方程 Equation
山杏	根 Root	D²H	0.81	y = 1.26x^0.77
Armeniaca sibirica	枝 Branch	D²H	0.94	y = 1.09x^0.79
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.87	y = 1.61x^0.56
	总计 Total	D²H	0.95	y = 3.53x^0.74
小叶白蜡	根 Root	D²H	0.88	y = 0.2x^0.91
Fraxinus bungeana	枝 Branch	D²H	0.50	y = 5.47x^0.51
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.77	y = 0.13x^0.8
	总计 Total	D²H	0.72	y = 4.47x^0.62
小叶鼠李	根 Root	D²H	0.95	y = 0.7x^0.85
Rhamnus	枝 Branch	D²H	0.96	y = 0.74x^0.91
parvifolia	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.88	y = 0.89x^0.58
	总计 Total	D²H	0.96	y = 1.95x^0.85
河朔荛花	根 Root	D²H	0.83	y = 0.81x^0.61
Wikstroemia	枝 Branch	D²H	0.95	y = 0.92x^0.78
chamedaphne	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.48	y = 1.32x^0.35
	总计 Total	D²H	0.92	y = 2.31x^0.68
绣线菊	根 Root	D²H	0.77	y = 0.18x^1.14
Spiraea salicifolia	枝 Branch	D²H	0.78	y = 0.23x^1.18
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.62	y = 0.07x^1.15
	总计 Total	D²H	0.79	y = 0.48x^1.16
荆条	根 Root	D²H	0.84	y = 0.2x^1.09
Vitex negundo var.	枝 Branch	D²H	0.82	y = 0.54x^0.95
heterophylla	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.66	y = 0.86x^0.59
	总计 Total	D²H	0.90	y = 1.07x^0.95
蚂蚱腿子	根 Root	D²H	0.95	y = 0.07x^1.16
Myripnois dioica	枝 Branch	D²H	0.91	y = 0.42x^1.00
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.79	y = 0.31x^0.71
	总计 Total	D²H	0.95	y = 0.64x^1.00
胡枝子	根 Root	D²H	0.41	y = 0.19x^1.06
Lespedeza bicolor	枝 Branch	D²H	0.87	y = 0.15x^1.5
	叶 Leaf	D²H	0.84	y = 0.29x^1.25
	总计 Total	D²H	0.84	y = 0.61x^1.29

物种 Species	变量 Variable	对照 Control (N₀)	低氮 Low-N (N₁)	中氮 Medium-N (N₂)	高氮 High-N (N₃)
荆条灌丛 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrubland	D	0.70 ± 0.10	0.90 ± 0.20	0.70 ± 0.00	0.70 ± 0.10
荆条灌丛 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrubland	H	78.30 ± 7.80	84.20 ± 10.10	74.60 ± 3.00	75.40 ± 9.00
绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea salicifolia shrubland	D	0.53 ± 0.00	0.57 ± 0.00	0.57 ± 0.00	0.54 ± 0.00
绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea salicifolia shrubland	H	76.40 ± 0.60	78.80 ± 4.00	81.40 ± 7.10	82.80 ± 4.70

北京东灵山地区常见灌丛生长及凋落物生产对氮添加的响应

Responses of growth and litterfall production to nitrogen addition treatments from common shrublands in Mt. Dongling, Beijing, China

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