不同地理分布区紫椴种群的遗传多样性变化

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文运用ISSR分子标记技术,研究不同纬度、不同海拔紫椴(Tilia amurensis)天然种群的遗传多样性变化规律,探讨紫椴种群的濒危机制,为紫椴遗传资源的有效保护和合理利用提供理论依据。14个ISSR引物扩增结果显示:紫椴种群多态位点百分率(P)为93.85%,基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon多样性指数(I)分别为0.243 3和0.380 3。不同纬度紫椴种群的遗传多样性由高到低依次为:CBS种群>BL种群>NA种群>LS种群>FHS种群>DYS种群;不同海拔紫椴种群的遗传多样性由高到低依次为:H1种群>H2种群>H3种群>H4种群>H6种群>H5种群。紫椴种群的遗传多样性没有随纬度的升高而呈现规律性的变化,但随海拔的升高呈现遗传多样性逐渐降低的趋势。用AMOVA进行分子方差分析表明,紫椴种群间遗传分化较大,遗传变异主要来自种群内部。紫椴种群间遗传距离与地理距离没有相关性,但随着海拔的逐渐增高种群间遗传距离增大。该研究结果揭示,紫椴种群具有较高的遗传多样性,遗传多样性不是导致其种群濒危的主要原因,导致其濒危的主要原因可能与人为采伐、生境破坏和生境退化及其自身生物学特性所导致的自然更新不良有密切关系。因此,应加强对紫椴生境的保护,防止人为因素对紫椴天然种群的进一步破坏。

关键词: 紫椴种群, ISSR, 遗传多样性, 保护策略

Abstract:

Aims Tilia amurensis is one of the II-grade Chinese protected plants with an important economic value and ecological significance. The population of T. amurensis has gradually declined due to overdrafting. Our objectives were to 1) study the genetic diversity of six natural populations varying in longitude and latitude and six varying in altitude and 2) discuss strategies to conserve germplasm resources.

Methods The newly developed inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker was used to examine genetic diversity.

Important findings The results of 14 ISSR primers showed that polymeric percentage of the six populations was 93.85%, the gene diversity (H) was 0.243 3 and Shannon Index of diversity (I) was 0.380 3. The genetic diversities of T. amurensis decreased with increasing altitude, had a single-peak curve with increasing latitude, and were higher in the central region than in the edges. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the majority of genetic variation occurred within populations. Genetic distance and geographic distance were uncorrelated. We concluded that the genetic diversity of T. amurensis was high and mainly within populations. Also, the major factors threatening the development of T. amurensis included direct damage to natural populations due to destruction of habitat and poor regeneration ability caused by innate biological and ecological characteristics. Habitat should be protected, as individuals, especially in core areas.

Key words: Tilia amurensis population, ISSR, genetic diversity, protect strategy

穆立蔷, 刘赢男. 不同地理分布区紫椴种群的遗传多样性变化. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 1190-1198. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0148

MU Li-Qiang, LIU Ying-Nan. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TILIA AMURENSIS POPULATIONS IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION REGIONS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(6): 1190-1198. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0148

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0148

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I6/1190

图/表 10

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对照 Control	种群 Populations	样本数 Samples	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	生境 Habitats
水平对照	凤凰山(FHS)	15	40°24'37″	124°04'35″	560~580	以辽东栎为主的阔叶混交次生林¹⁾
Level control	长白山(CBS)	15	42°20'56″	128°05'26″	780~820	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
	宁安(NA)	30	44°19'44″	129°38'03″	510~530	以蒙古栎为主的阔叶混交次生林³⁾
	勃利(BL)	30	45°42'02″	130°25'08″	390~420	红松针阔混交林⁴⁾
	凉水(LS)	30	47°10'56″	128°53'28″	300~310	云冷杉红松林⁵⁾
	大杨树(DYS)	15	50°02'22″	124°56'01″	290~320	杂木林⁶⁾
垂直对照	海拔1(H1)	15	42°37'34″	127°56'16″	600~620	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
Upright control	海拔2(H2)	15	42°34'26″	127°50'47″	720~740	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
	海拔3(H3)	15	42°20'56″	128°05'26″	780~820	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
	海拔4(H4)	15	42°18'16″	128°07'42″	900~920	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
	海拔5(H5)	15	42°15'48″	128°09'15″	980~1000	针叶林⁷⁾
	海拔6(H6)	15	42°12'36″	128°10'10″	1 080~1 090	针叶林⁷⁾

对照 Control	种群 Populations	样本数 Samples	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	生境 Habitats
水平对照	凤凰山(FHS)	15	40°24'37″	124°04'35″	560~580	以辽东栎为主的阔叶混交次生林¹⁾
Level control	长白山(CBS)	15	42°20'56″	128°05'26″	780~820	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
	宁安(NA)	30	44°19'44″	129°38'03″	510~530	以蒙古栎为主的阔叶混交次生林³⁾
	勃利(BL)	30	45°42'02″	130°25'08″	390~420	红松针阔混交林⁴⁾
	凉水(LS)	30	47°10'56″	128°53'28″	300~310	云冷杉红松林⁵⁾
	大杨树(DYS)	15	50°02'22″	124°56'01″	290~320	杂木林⁶⁾
垂直对照	海拔1(H1)	15	42°37'34″	127°56'16″	600~620	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
Upright control	海拔2(H2)	15	42°34'26″	127°50'47″	720~740	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
	海拔3(H3)	15	42°20'56″	128°05'26″	780~820	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
	海拔4(H4)	15	42°18'16″	128°07'42″	900~920	红松、沙冷杉针阔混交林²⁾
	海拔5(H5)	15	42°15'48″	128°09'15″	980~1000	针叶林⁷⁾
	海拔6(H6)	15	42°12'36″	128°10'10″	1 080~1 090	针叶林⁷⁾

种群 Population	样本数 No. of sample	多态位点百分率 Percentage of plymerphic P	等位基因数 Observed number of alleles A	有效等位基因数 Effective number of alleles A_e	期望杂合度 Mean expected heterozygosity H	香农信息指数 Shannon's information index I
FHS	15	56.15%	1.561 5	1.278 4	0.169 2	0.261 1
CBS	15	86.92%	1.869 2	1.377 4	0.230 7	0.358 9
NA	30	65.38%	1.653 8	1.319 4	0.194 6	0.299 9
BL	30	70.77%	1.707 7	1.332 3	0.203 5	0.315 8
LS	30	58.46%	1.584 6	1.302 8	0.179 3	0.272 8
DYS	15	57.69%	1.576 9	1.261 7	0.161 2	0.250 8
总 Total	135	93.85%	1.938 5	1.396 1	0.243 3	0.380 3

种群 Population	样本数 No. of sample	多态位点百分率 Percentage of plymerphic P	等位基因数 Observed number of alleles A	有效等位基因数 Effective number of alleles A_e	期望杂合度 Mean expected heterozygosity H	香农信息指数 Shannon's information index I
FHS	15	56.15%	1.561 5	1.278 4	0.169 2	0.261 1
CBS	15	86.92%	1.869 2	1.377 4	0.230 7	0.358 9
NA	30	65.38%	1.653 8	1.319 4	0.194 6	0.299 9
BL	30	70.77%	1.707 7	1.332 3	0.203 5	0.315 8
LS	30	58.46%	1.584 6	1.302 8	0.179 3	0.272 8
DYS	15	57.69%	1.576 9	1.261 7	0.161 2	0.250 8
总 Total	135	93.85%	1.938 5	1.396 1	0.243 3	0.380 3

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	总方差 SSD	均方差 MSD	变异成分 Variance component		显著度检验 p
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	总方差 SSD	均方差 MSD	Absolute	%
种群间 Among populations	5	358.66	71.73	4.36	23.75	<0.002
种群内 Within populations	74	1 035.20	13.98	13.99	76.25	<0.002
总 Total	79			18.35	100