植物生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 186-194.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.010
所属专题: 红树林及红树植物
• 2008年冰灾对森林生态系统的破坏专题论文 • 上一篇 下一篇
陈鹭真1, 王文卿1, 张宜辉1, 黄丽1, 赵春磊1, 杨盛昌1, 杨志伟1, 陈粤超2, 徐华林3, 钟才荣4, 苏博5, 方柏州6, 陈乃明7, 曾传志8, 林光辉1,*()
收稿日期:
2009-04-26
接受日期:
2009-09-12
出版日期:
2010-04-26
发布日期:
2010-02-01
通讯作者:
林光辉
作者简介:
* E-mail: lingh@xmu.edu.cn
CHEN Lu-Zhen1, WANG Wen-Qing1, ZHANG Yi-Hui1, HUANG Li1, ZHAO Chun-Lei1, YANG Sheng-Chang1, YANG Zhi-Wei1, CHEN Yue-Chao2, XU Hua-Lin3, ZHONG Cai-Rong4, SU Bo5, FANG Bai-Zhou6, CHEN Nai-Ming7, ZENG Chuan-Zhi8, LIN Guang-Hui1,*()
Received:
2009-04-26
Accepted:
2009-09-12
Online:
2010-04-26
Published:
2010-02-01
Contact:
LIN Guang-Hui
摘要:
2008年初, 我国南方19个省经历了50年一遇的持续低温雨雪冰冻天气。极端气候对华南沿海各省的红树林区造成不同程度的危害。2008年3月, 在我国南方各省红树林区的10个代表性地点, 对这次寒害造成的红树植物伤害程度进行了系统的调查。结果表明: 冬季低温对红树林的影响极为显著, 特别是在低纬度的海南、广西和广东湛江, 由于极端低温正值夜间退潮, 对红树林的影响更为显著; 在纬度较高的福建, 本地红树种类秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及引种的木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)等, 由于长期适应于冬季较低的气温或在种植前经过抗寒锻炼, 具有较强的抗寒能力。各地主要红树植物中, 广布种秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤最为耐寒, 其耐寒性均大于红树科的木榄、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)。海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)对温度的敏感性最强, 抗寒能力最低, 因此, 即使在其原产地海南也受到较为严重的寒害, 在纬度更高的引种地出现大面积受害甚至全部死亡, 而从孟加拉国引种的无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)却显示出一定的抗寒能力。同一地点的红树植物幼苗的抗寒能力低于大树。此次寒害也造成了苗圃场的种苗大量死亡, 成熟的植株提前落花落果, 这势必会影响后继一两年内红树林的自然更新和人工造林。因此, 在未来红树林造林或人工引种中, 一定要考虑到红树植物的抗寒能力。
陈鹭真, 王文卿, 张宜辉, 黄丽, 赵春磊, 杨盛昌, 杨志伟, 陈粤超, 徐华林, 钟才荣, 苏博, 方柏州, 陈乃明, 曾传志, 林光辉. 2008年南方低温对我国红树植物的破坏作用. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(2): 186-194. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.010
CHEN Lu-Zhen, WANG Wen-Qing, ZHANG Yi-Hui, HUANG Li, ZHAO Chun-Lei, YANG Sheng-Chang, YANG Zhi-Wei, CHEN Yue-Chao, XU Hua-Lin, ZHONG Cai-Rong, SU Bo, FANG Bai-Zhou, CHEN Nai-Ming, ZENG Chuan-Zhi, LIN Guang-Hui. Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(2): 186-194. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.010
调查地点 Investigation site | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 年均温 Mean annual temperature (°C) | 最低月均温 Coldest month temperature (°C) | 年均降雨 Mean annual rainfall (mm) | 潮汐类型 Tide type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
福建省 Fujian Province | |||||
宁德 Ningde | 26o41′ | 19.0 | 10.3 | 1 250 | 正规半日潮 Regular semi-diurnal tide |
龙海 Longhai | 24o26′ | 21.0 | 12.2 | 1 365 | 正规半日潮 Regular semi-diurnal tide |
云霄 Yunxiao | 23o54′ | 21.2 | 12.9 | 1 714 | 正规半日潮 Regular semi-diurnal tide |
广东省 Guangdong Province | |||||
深圳 Shenzhen | 22o32′ | 22.5 | 14.1 | 1 927 | 不正规半日潮 Irregular semi-diurnal tide |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | 21o34′ | 23.0 | 16.0 | 1 500 | 混合全日潮 Mix diurnal tide |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | 21o00′ | 23.0 | 16.0 | 1 500 | 不正规半日潮 Irregular semi-diurnal tide |
广西壮族自治区 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | |||||
防城港 Fangchenggang | 21o28′ | 22.5 | 14.1 | 2 220 | 正规全日潮 Regular diurnal tide |
钦州 Qinzhou | 21o43′ | 22.0 | 13.4 | 2 075 | 不正规全日潮 Irregular diurnal tide |
海南省 Hainan Province | |||||
海口 Haikou | 19o54′ | 23.8 | 12.1 | 1 676 | 不正规全日潮 Irregular diurnal tide |
文昌 Wenchang | 19o34′ | 24.0 | 18.3 | 1 974 | 不正规全日潮 Irregular diurnal tide |
表1 红树林寒害调查研究地点的主要环境特征
Table 1 Key environmental characteristics for the mangrove sites in present chilling investigation
调查地点 Investigation site | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 年均温 Mean annual temperature (°C) | 最低月均温 Coldest month temperature (°C) | 年均降雨 Mean annual rainfall (mm) | 潮汐类型 Tide type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
福建省 Fujian Province | |||||
宁德 Ningde | 26o41′ | 19.0 | 10.3 | 1 250 | 正规半日潮 Regular semi-diurnal tide |
龙海 Longhai | 24o26′ | 21.0 | 12.2 | 1 365 | 正规半日潮 Regular semi-diurnal tide |
云霄 Yunxiao | 23o54′ | 21.2 | 12.9 | 1 714 | 正规半日潮 Regular semi-diurnal tide |
广东省 Guangdong Province | |||||
深圳 Shenzhen | 22o32′ | 22.5 | 14.1 | 1 927 | 不正规半日潮 Irregular semi-diurnal tide |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | 21o34′ | 23.0 | 16.0 | 1 500 | 混合全日潮 Mix diurnal tide |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | 21o00′ | 23.0 | 16.0 | 1 500 | 不正规半日潮 Irregular semi-diurnal tide |
广西壮族自治区 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | |||||
防城港 Fangchenggang | 21o28′ | 22.5 | 14.1 | 2 220 | 正规全日潮 Regular diurnal tide |
钦州 Qinzhou | 21o43′ | 22.0 | 13.4 | 2 075 | 不正规全日潮 Irregular diurnal tide |
海南省 Hainan Province | |||||
海口 Haikou | 19o54′ | 23.8 | 12.1 | 1 676 | 不正规全日潮 Irregular diurnal tide |
文昌 Wenchang | 19o34′ | 24.0 | 18.3 | 1 974 | 不正规全日潮 Irregular diurnal tide |
图1 各调查地点2008年初低温时的日平均气温和降水的距平值。
Fig. 1 Anomaly of diurnal air temperature and precipitation at each investigation site during the cold event in early 2008.
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | N | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
龙海 Longhai | N | N | N | E | E | E | - | E |
云霄 Yunxiao | N | N | N | N | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | N | N | N | N | - | E | E | E |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | N | N | N | N | N | - | - | E |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | N | N | N | - | N | E | - | E |
防城港 Fangchenggang | N | N | N | N | - | - | - | E |
钦州 Qinzhou | N | N | N | N | N | - | - | - |
海口 Haikou | N | N | N | N | N | N | E | E |
文昌 Wenchang | N | N | N | N | - | N | N | - |
表2 各调查地点所调查的主要红树植物种类
Table 2 Mangrove species surveyed at each site
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | N | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
龙海 Longhai | N | N | N | E | E | E | - | E |
云霄 Yunxiao | N | N | N | N | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | N | N | N | N | - | E | E | E |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | N | N | N | N | N | - | - | E |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | N | N | N | - | N | E | - | E |
防城港 Fangchenggang | N | N | N | N | - | - | - | E |
钦州 Qinzhou | N | N | N | N | N | - | - | - |
海口 Haikou | N | N | N | N | N | N | E | E |
文昌 Wenchang | N | N | N | N | - | N | N | - |
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
龙海 Longhai | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 50 | 20 | - | 5 |
云霄 Yunxiao | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND | 97 | 100 | 20 |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 45 | - | - | 50 |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | 0 | 0 | 5 | ND | 15 | 90 | - | 50 |
防城港 Fangchenggang | 0 | 0 | 30 | ND | - | - | - | 100 |
钦州 Qinzhou | 0 | 0 | 40 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
海口 Haikou | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND | 0 | 75 | 40 |
文昌 Wenchang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND | 0 | 80 | - |
表3 各调查地点主要红树植物种类植株枯黄程度(%)
Table 3 Scorch percentage (%) for the mangrove trees at each site
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
龙海 Longhai | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 50 | 20 | - | 5 |
云霄 Yunxiao | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND | 97 | 100 | 20 |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 45 | - | - | 50 |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | 0 | 0 | 5 | ND | 15 | 90 | - | 50 |
防城港 Fangchenggang | 0 | 0 | 30 | ND | - | - | - | 100 |
钦州 Qinzhou | 0 | 0 | 40 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
海口 Haikou | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND | 0 | 75 | 40 |
文昌 Wenchang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND | 0 | 80 | - |
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa | t 值 t-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
龙海 Longhai | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.5 | 30.2 | 35.1 | 24.4 | -5.467*** | |
云霄 Yunxiao | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | 65.3 | 100 | 44.5 | -7.434*** |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | 25.0 | 19.2 | - | - | 52.2 | -5.904*** |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | 0.0 | 0.0 | 24.1 | - | 64.0 | - | - | 56.9 | -9.329*** |
防城港 Fangchenggang | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | ND | - | - | - | 100 | - |
钦州 Qinzhou | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20 | 15 | 100 | - | - | 100 | - |
海口 Haikou | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 40.7 | 25.4 | -10.137*** |
文昌 Wenchang | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | 0.0 | 54.2 | - | - |
表4 各调查地点主要的本地种和引种红树植物的落叶程度(%)
Table 4 Defoliation percentage (%) for the mangrove trees at each site
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa | t 值 t-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
龙海 Longhai | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.5 | 30.2 | 35.1 | 24.4 | -5.467*** | |
云霄 Yunxiao | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | 65.3 | 100 | 44.5 | -7.434*** |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | 25.0 | 19.2 | - | - | 52.2 | -5.904*** |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | 0.0 | 0.0 | 24.1 | - | 64.0 | - | - | 56.9 | -9.329*** |
防城港 Fangchenggang | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | ND | - | - | - | 100 | - |
钦州 Qinzhou | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20 | 15 | 100 | - | - | 100 | - |
海口 Haikou | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 40.7 | 25.4 | -10.137*** |
文昌 Wenchang | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | 0.0 | 54.2 | - | - |
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa | t 值 t-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | ND | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
龙海 Longhai | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 0.75 ± 0.01 | 0.66 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | - | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 3.127** |
云霄 Yunxiao | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | 0.85 ± 0.00 | 0.79 ± 0.00 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | 0.71 ± 0.03 | - | 0.76 ± 0.01 | ND | 0.81 ± 0.00 | 2.282** |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | 0.81 ± 0.01 | ND | ND | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 0.69 ± 0.02 | - | - | 0.80 ± 0.01 | -2.102 |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | 0.84 ± 0.01 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 0.81 ± 0.00 | - | 0.72 ± 0.01 | ND | - | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 2.243 |
防城港 Fangchenggang | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | ND | - |
钦州 Qinzhou | 0.83 ± 0.00 | 0.81 ± 0.00 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | 0.79 ± 0.00 | ND | - | - | - | - |
海口 Haikou | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.00 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | 0.80 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 0.80 ± 0.01 | -0.644 |
文昌 Wenchang | ND | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.00 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | ND | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | - | - |
表5 各调查地点主要红树植物的叶片健康指数(Fv / Fm)(平均值±标准误)
Table 5 Fv / Fm values for the leaves of mangrove trees at each investigation site (mean ± SE)
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa | t 值 t-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | ND | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
龙海 Longhai | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 0.75 ± 0.01 | 0.66 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | - | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 3.127** |
云霄 Yunxiao | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | 0.85 ± 0.00 | 0.79 ± 0.00 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | 0.71 ± 0.03 | - | 0.76 ± 0.01 | ND | 0.81 ± 0.00 | 2.282** |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | 0.81 ± 0.01 | ND | ND | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 0.69 ± 0.02 | - | - | 0.80 ± 0.01 | -2.102 |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | 0.84 ± 0.01 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 0.81 ± 0.00 | - | 0.72 ± 0.01 | ND | - | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 2.243 |
防城港 Fangchenggang | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | ND | - |
钦州 Qinzhou | 0.83 ± 0.00 | 0.81 ± 0.00 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | 0.79 ± 0.00 | ND | - | - | - | - |
海口 Haikou | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.00 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | 0.80 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 0.80 ± 0.01 | -0.644 |
文昌 Wenchang | ND | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.00 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | ND | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.00 | - | - |
落叶百分比 Percentage of defoliation | 大树的Fv/Fm Fv/Fm values for trees | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | df | F | |
树种 Species | 1 | 333.56*** | 1 | 7.530** |
样地 Sample plot | 5 | 15.864*** | 4 | 4.963** |
树种×样地 Species×Sample plot | 5 | 14.583*** | 4 | 3.516* |
表6 不同位点外来种与本地种的落叶百分比和大树叶片Fv/Fm值的多元方差分析(F值)
Table 6 Significance values (F value) of multivariate analysis-of-variance (MANOVA) for the comparisons in defoliation percentage and leaf Fv/Fm values of trees between the exotic and native species
落叶百分比 Percentage of defoliation | 大树的Fv/Fm Fv/Fm values for trees | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | df | F | |
树种 Species | 1 | 333.56*** | 1 | 7.530** |
样地 Sample plot | 5 | 15.864*** | 4 | 4.963** |
树种×样地 Species×Sample plot | 5 | 14.583*** | 4 | 3.516* |
图2 深圳红树植物幼苗与大树叶片的健康指数(Fv/Fm)。 Am、Ac、Bg、Bs、Ko、Rs、Sa, 同表2。
Fig. 2 Comparison in the Fv/Fm values between mangrove trees and seedlings in Shenzhen. Am, Ac, Bg, Bs, Ko, Rs, Sa, see Table 2.
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | 0 | 100 | - | 100 | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 95 | 95 | 100 | 100 |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | - | - | - | 75 | 90 | - | - | 100 |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | - | - | 20 | 50 | - | - | - | 100 |
防城港 Fangchenggang | 0 | - | - | 90 | 100 | - | - | - |
钦州 Qinzhou | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 99 |
海口 Haikou | - | - | - | - | - | - | 80 | 20 |
文昌 Wenchang | - | - | - | - | - | 40 | - | - |
表7 各调查地点苗圃红树植物幼苗的死亡率(%)
Table 7 Mangrove seedling mortality (%) in selected nurseries at each study site
调查地点 Investigation site | 秋茄 Ko | 桐花树 Ac | 白骨壤 Am | 木榄 Bg | 红海榄 Rs | 海莲 Bs | 海桑 Sc | 无瓣海桑 Sa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁德 Ningde | 0 | 100 | - | 100 | - | - | - | - |
深圳 Shenzhen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 95 | 95 | 100 | 100 |
湛江高桥 Gaoqiao in Zhanjiang | - | - | - | 75 | 90 | - | - | 100 |
湛江雷州 Leizhou in Zhanjiang | - | - | 20 | 50 | - | - | - | 100 |
防城港 Fangchenggang | 0 | - | - | 90 | 100 | - | - | - |
钦州 Qinzhou | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 99 |
海口 Haikou | - | - | - | - | - | - | 80 | 20 |
文昌 Wenchang | - | - | - | - | - | 40 | - | - |
图3 寒害后(2008年)海南文昌清澜港自然保护区部分红树植物开花结果数量占正常年份(2007年)的百分数(%)。 Bs, 海莲; Ko, 秋茄; Lr, 榄李; Ra, 红树; Rs, 红海榄; Sa, 杯萼海桑; Sc, 海桑; Sg, 拟海桑; Sh1, 海南海桑; Sh2, 瓶花木; So, 卵叶海桑; Xg, 木果楝。
Fig. 3 Relative flowering or fruiting percentages (%) of some mangrove species after the extreme cold event (2008) in comparison with those in a normal year (2007) in Qinglangang Mangrove Nature Reserve. Bs, Bruguiera sexangula; Ko, Kandelia obovata; Lr, Lumnitzera racemosa; Ra, Rhizophora apiculata; Rs, R. stylosa; Sa, Sonneratia alba; Sc, Sonneratia caseolaris; Sg, S. × gulngai; Sh1, S. × hainanensis; Sh2, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; So, Sonneratia ovata; Xg, Xylocarpus granatum.
[1] | Chen YC (陈粤超), Lin KY (林康英), Xu FH (许方宏) (2008). Investigation of the chilling damage on mangroves in Zhanjiang of Guangdong Province and the study on restoration techniques after damage. Wetland Science and Management (湿地科学与管理), 4(3), 49-50. (in Chinese) |
[2] | Chinese Academy of Forest (中国林业科学研究院) (2008). Expert’s views from Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry on disaster of prevention and mitigation techniques (4th): chilling and freezing stress on mangroves and the recovery techniques and measures after disaster (科技救灾减灾热林所专家谈(四): 红树林受冻情况及灾后恢复技术要点与措施). http://www2.caf.ac.cn/news/xw_yx/0831110176KK355BCBD815D8-1C3A03.html. Cited March 4, 2008. (in Chinese) |
[3] |
Gu L, Hanson PJ, Mac Post W, Kaiser DP, Yang B, Nemani R, Pallardy SG, Meyers T (2008). The 2007 Eastern US spring freeze: increased cold damage in a warming world? BioScience, 58, 253-262.
DOI URL |
[4] | IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007). IPCC fourth assessment report. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL eds. Climate Change in 2007: the Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 996. |
[5] | Jiang LZ (蒋礼珍), Huang RH (黄汝红) (2008). Investigation of the chilling damage on mangrove and study on the cold tolerance of Sonneratia apetala. Journal of Meteorological Research and Application (气象研究与应用), 29(3), 35-38. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[6] | Li M (李玫), Liao BW (廖宝文), Guan W (管伟), Zheng SF (郑松发), Chen YJ (陈玉军) (2009). Survey on cold damage of mangroves in Guangdong Province. Protection Forest Science and Technology (防护林科技), 89(2), 29-31. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[7] | Li Y (李云), Zheng DZ (郑德璋), Chen HX (陈焕雄), Liao BW (廖宝文), Zheng SF (郑松发), Chen XR (陈相如) (1997). Preliminary study on introduction of mangrove Sonneratia apetala. In: Wong YS (黄玉山), Tam NFY (谭凤仪) eds. Mangrove Research of Guangdong, China (广东红树林研究), South China University of Technology Press, Guangzhou. 487-493. (in Chinese) |
[8] | Lin P (林鹏) (1997). Mangrove Ecosystem in China (中国红树林生态系). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[9] | Lin P (林鹏) , Fu Q (傅勤) (1995). Environmental Ecology and Economic Utilization of Mangroves in China (中国红树林环境生态及经济利用). Higher Education Press, Bejing. (in Chinese) |
[10] | Lu CY (卢昌义), Lin P (林鹏), Wang GL (王恭礼), Lian YW (连玉武), Zheng FZ (郑逢中), Chen HX (陈焕雄) (1994). Studies on physiological and ecological adaptability of introduced mangrove plants. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science) 厦门大学学报(自然科学版)), 33(Suppl.), 50-55. (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
[11] | Mo ZC (莫竹承), Liang SC (梁士楚), Fan HQ (范航清) (1995). A preliminary study on planting techniques of Guangxi mangroves. In: Fan HQ (范航清), Liang SC (梁士楚) eds. Research and Management on China Mangroves (中国红树林研究与管理), Science Press, Beijing. 164-172. (in Chinese) |
[12] | Sheue CR, Liu HY, Yong JWH (2003). Kandelia obovata (Rhizophoraceae), a new mangrove species from Eastern Asia. Taxon, 52, 287-294. |
[13] | Wang WQ (王文卿), Wang M (王瑁) (2007). The Mangroves of China (中国红树林). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[14] | Yang SC (杨盛昌), Lin P (林鹏) (1997). Cold-resistance ability of two mangrove species Kandelia candel and Aegiceras corniculatum during their overwintering period. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 8, 561-565. (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
[15] | Yang SC (杨盛昌), Lin P (林鹏) (1998). Ecological studies on the resistance and adaptation to cold of some tidal mangrove species in China. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 22, 60-67. (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
[16] | Yin ZQ (殷志强) (2008). Influence on geological disasters of the extreme climate event of spring 2008 in China. Journal of Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science and Technology (防灾科技学院学报), 10(2), 20-24. (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
[1] | 陈以恒 玉素甫江·如素力 阿卜杜热合曼·吾斯曼. 2001-2020年天山新疆段草地植被覆盖度时空变化及驱动因素分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(5): 561-576. |
[2] | 张计深, 史新杰, 刘宇诺, 吴阳, 彭守璋. 气候变化下中国潜在自然植被生态系统碳储量动态[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 428-444. |
[3] | 臧妙涵, 王传宽, 梁逸娴, 刘逸潇, 上官虹玉, 全先奎. 基于纬度移栽的落叶松叶、枝、根生态化学计量特征对气候变暖的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 469-482. |
[4] | 梁逸娴, 王传宽, 臧妙涵, 上官虹玉, 刘逸潇, 全先奎. 落叶松径向生长和生物量分配对气候变暖的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 459-468. |
[5] | 吴茹茹, 刘美珍, 谷仙, 常馨月, 郭立月, 蒋高明, 祁如意. 气候变化对巨柏适宜生境分布的潜在影响和预测[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 445-458. |
[6] | 杨宇萌, 来全, 刘心怡. 气候变化和人类活动对内蒙古植被总初级生产力的定量影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(3): 306-316. |
[7] | 张启, 程雪寒, 王树芝. 北京西山老龄树记载的森林干扰历史[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(3): 341-348. |
[8] | 任培鑫, 李鹏, 彭长辉, 周晓路, 杨铭霞. 洞庭湖流域植被光合物候的时空变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(3): 319-330. |
[9] | 李杰, 郝珉辉, 范春雨, 张春雨, 赵秀海. 东北温带森林树种和功能多样性对生态系统多功能性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(11): 1507-1522. |
[10] | 魏瑶, 马志远, 周佳颖, 张振华. 模拟增温改变青藏高原植物繁殖物候及植株高度[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(9): 995-1004. |
[11] | 党宏忠, 张学利, 韩辉, 石长春, 葛玉祥, 马全林, 陈帅, 刘春颖. 樟子松固沙林林水关系研究进展及对营林实践的指导[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(9): 971-983. |
[12] | 李肖, PIALUANG Bounthong, 康文辉, 冀晓东, 张海江, 薛治国, 张志强. 近几十年来冀西北山地白桦次生林径向生长对气候变化的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(8): 919-931. |
[13] | 苏启陶, 杜志喧, 周兵, 廖永辉, 王呈呈, 肖宜安. 牯岭凤仙花及其传粉昆虫在中国的潜在分布区域分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(7): 785-796. |
[14] | 胡潇飞, 魏临风, 程琦, 吴星麒, 倪健. 青藏高原地区气候图解数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(4): 484-492. |
[15] | 原媛, 母艳梅, 邓钰洁, 李鑫豪, 姜晓燕, 高圣杰, 查天山, 贾昕. 植被覆盖度和物候变化对典型黑沙蒿灌丛生态系统总初级生产力的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(2): 162-175. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《植物生态学报》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编: 100093
Tel.: 010-62836134, 62836138; Fax: 010-82599431; E-mail: apes@ibcas.ac.cn, cjpe@ibcas.ac.cn
备案号: 京ICP备16067583号-19