长期封育演替下典型草原植物群落生产力与多样性关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0397

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 176-187.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0397

长期封育演替下典型草原植物群落生产力与多样性关系

张义¹^,², 程杰³, 苏纪帅⁴, 程积民¹^,²^,⁵^,^*()

¹中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³国家林业和草原局西北调查规划设计院, 旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室, 西安 710048
⁴中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
⁵西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2021-11-04 接受日期:2022-01-18 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-01-25
通讯作者: 程积民
作者简介:*(gyzcjm@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发项目(2016YFC0500700);中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW028-07)

Diversity-productivity relationship of plant communities in typical grassland during the long- term grazing exclusion succession

ZHANG Yi¹^,², CHENG Jie³, SU Ji-Shuai⁴, CHENG Ji-Min¹^,²^,⁵^,^*()

¹Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Northwest Surveying, Planning and Designing Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xi’an 710048, China
⁴State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
⁵Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Received:2021-11-04 Accepted:2022-01-18 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-01-25
Contact: CHENG Ji-Min
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0500700);Chinese Academy of Sciences Field Station Alliance Project(KFJ-SW-YW028-07)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

封育是退化草地的重要恢复措施, 理解长期封育过程中草地群落生产力和植物多样性变化特征及两者间关系, 有助于草地植被的恢复管理与利用。该研究依托宁夏云雾山国家级自然保护区典型草原长期封育演替梯度, 选择持续放牧、封育9年、26年和34年的草地群落作为研究对象, 分析其地上生产力、物种多样性和功能多样性的变化特征及内在联系。结果表明, 封育显著提高典型草原植物群落的地上生产力、凋落物生物量、功能丰富度和功能离散度, 未改变草地群落的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和功能均匀度, 但Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数在长期封育(34年)后显著下降。此外, 封育对不同植物群落加权平均功能性状的影响存在差异。随机森林模型和方差分解结果显示, 群落加权平均功能性状对封育草地群落地上生产力变异的解释度高达70.70%, 其中植株高度是最主要的解释因子; 功能多样性的解释度为36.86%, 主要由功能丰富度贡献; 而物种多样性的解释度仅为14.72%。由此可见, 植物功能性状和功能多样性对草地群落地上生产力的贡献远高于物种多样性, 建议将其纳入植物群落恢复演替动态研究, 以便全面了解植物多样性与生态系统功能的关系, 为更好地实现生态恢复目标奠定基础。

关键词: 功能多样性, 植物功能性状, 物种多样性, 封育, 地上净初级生产力

Abstract:

Aims Grazing exclusion is an important intervention for restoring degraded grasslands. Understanding the changes of grassland productivity and plant diversity during the long-term grazing exclusion succession, as well as the relationship between diversity and productivity, are helpful for grassland restoration management and utilization.

Methods This study was conducted in a typical grassland system with a long-term grazing exclusion gradient, located at Yunwu Mountain National Nature Reserve in Ningxia Huizu Autonomous Region. The grassland communities under continuous grazing, 9 years of grazing exclusion, 26 years of grazing exclusion, and 34 years of grazing exclusion were chosen as the study objects. We tracked changes in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species diversity and functional diversity, and quantified the relationships between diversity and productivity.

Important findings The results showed that grazing exclusion significantly increased ANPP, litter biomass, functional richness, and functional dispersion of typical grassland, but did not alter species richness, Shannon- Wiener index and functional evenness. In contrast, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index significantly decreased after long-term grazing exclusion (34 years). In addition, grazing exclusion showed diverse effects on community-weighted means of different functional traits. The results of random forest model and variance partition analysis indicated that community-weighted mean functional traits accounted for 70.70% of ANPP variation, and plant height was identified as the most important trait. Functional diversity explained 36.86% of ANPP variation, mainly contributed by functional richness. In contrast, species diversity only explained 14.72% of ANPP variation. Therefore, the contribution of mean trait values and functional diversity to ANPP was much higher than that of species diversity in grassland after grazing exclusion. We suggest that community mean trait values and functional diversity should be incorporated into the studies of plant community dynamics during restoration succession, which will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function, and provide basis for better realization of ecological restoration goals.

Key words: functional diversity, plant functional trait, species diversity, grazing exclusion, aboveground net primary productivity

张义, 程杰, 苏纪帅, 程积民. 长期封育演替下典型草原植物群落生产力与多样性关系. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(2): 176-187. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0397

ZHANG Yi, CHENG Jie, SU Ji-Shuai, CHENG Ji-Min. Diversity-productivity relationship of plant communities in typical grassland during the long- term grazing exclusion succession. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(2): 176-187. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0397

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0397

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I2/176

图/表 6

表1 封育草地群落植物地上生产力与物种多样性(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Aboveground net primary productivity and species diversity of grassland communities after grazing exclusion (mean ± SE)

封育年限 GED (a)	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	地上生产力 ANPP (g·m^-2)	凋落物生物量 Litter biomass (g·m^-2)	丰富度 Richness	Shannon- Wiener 指数 H′	Pielou均匀度指数 E	Simpson优势度指数 D
0	36.22	106.38	1 942	115.60 ± 13.13^c	30.78 ± 8.02^c	13.33 ± 0.74^a	2.21 ± 0.05^ab	0.86 ± 0.01^a	0.85 ± 0.01^a
9	36.22	106.39	1 928	165.14 ± 10.10^b	61.66 ± 7.38^bc	12.64 ± 0.62^a	2.17 ± 0.07^ab	0.86 ± 0.01^a	0.85 ± 0.01^a
26	36.20	106.41	1 885	253.38 ± 15.32^a	160.06 ± 34.83^b	14.17 ± 0.67^a	2.30 ± 0.05^a	0.87 ± 0.01^a	0.87 ± 0.01^a
34	36.24	106.38	2 098	261.79 ± 19.87^a	346.74 ± 57.52^a	14.42 ± 0.96^a	2.11 ± 0.06^b	0.80 ± 0.01^b	0.81 ± 0.01^b

图1 封育草地植物群落加权平均功能性状和功能多样性(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Community weighted mean functional traits and functional diversity of grassland communities after grazing exclusion (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). FDis, functional dispersion; FEve, functional evenness; FRic, functional richness; LCC, leaf carbon concentration; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen concentration; LPC, leaf phosphorus concentration; LT, leaf thickness; SLA, specific leaf area.

图2 封育草地群落地上生产力与植物群落加权平均功能性状的关系。

Fig. 2 Relationships between aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and community-weighted mean functional traits in grasslands after grazing exclusion. LCC, leaf carbon concentration; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen concentration; LPC, leaf phosphorus concentration; LT, leaf thickness; SLA, specific leaf area.

图3 封育草地群落地上生产力与物种多样性(A-D)和功能多样性(E-G)的关系。

Fig. 3 Relationship between aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and plant species diversity (A-D) and functional diversity (E-G) in grassland communities after grazing exclusion. D, Simpson dominance index; E, Pielou evenness index; FDis, functional dispersion; FEve, functional evenness; FRic, functional richness; H′, Shannon-Wiener index.

图4 封育草地群落地上生产力影响因子的随机森林模型(A)和方差分解(B)结果。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 4 Results of random forest model (A) and variance partition analysis (B) for factors influencing aboveground net primary productivity of grassland communities after grazing exclusion. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.0l. D, Simpson dominance index; E, Pielou evenness index; FDis, functional dispersion; FEve, functional evenness; FRic, functional richness; H′, Shannon-Wiener index; LCC, leaf carbon concentration; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen concentration; LPC, leaf phosphorus concentration; LT, leaf thickness; SLA, specific leaf area.

表2 封育草地植物群落加权平均功能性状、功能多样性与物种多样性的Pearson相关系数

Table 2 Pearson coefficients showing the correlation of community-weighted mean functional traits to functional diversity and species diversity in grasslands after grazing exclusion

	高度 Height	叶片厚度 LT	叶干物质含量 LDMC	比叶面积 SLA	叶片碳含量 LCC	叶片氮含量 LNC	叶片磷含量 LPC	功能丰富度 FR_ic	功能均匀度 FE_ve	功能离散度 FD_is
物种丰富度 Richness	0.106	0.014	-0.347^*	0.301^*	-0.077	0.133	0.145	0.551^**	0.199	0.206
Shannon-Wiener指数 H′	-0.232	-0.188	-0.233	0.327^*	-0.145	0.369^**	0.347^*	0.284	0.294^*	0.100
Pielou均匀度指数 E	-0.502^**	-0.280	0.108	0.082	-0.120	0.416^**	0.364^*	-0.243	0.225	-0.094
Simpson优势度指数 D	-0.376^**	-0.263	-0.043	0.266	-0.104	0.414^**	0.360^*	0.037	0.181	0.048

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长期封育演替下典型草原植物群落生产力与多样性关系

Diversity-productivity relationship of plant communities in typical grassland during the long- term grazing exclusion succession

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