祁连山祁连圆柏年内径向生长对水热因素的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0084

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 树木生长依赖于外界环境水热组合的变化, 祁连圆柏(Juniperus przewalskii)作为祁连山的优势针叶树种, 了解其生长动态对水热变化的响应情况对祁连山森林生态系统的发展至关重要。该研究利用微树芯法对祁连圆柏的年内径向生长动态进行监测, 分析了木质部形成的季节模式和年内径向生长速率对水热变化的响应特征。结果表明: (1)祁连圆柏于5月10日左右(年序日(DOY) 131 ± 3)生长开始, 8月10日(DOY 223 ± 3)左右生长结束, 生长季共(92 ± 2)天; (2)木质部细胞数量动态呈现“S”形的年内变化趋势, 而生长速率表现出“钟”形的年内变化趋势, 最大生长速率是每列每天0.32个, 最大生长速率比夏至日提前12天; (3)水热变化是影响树木年内径向生长的主要因素, 表现为温度和降水对祁连圆柏的生长速率有显著正向影响, 且降水对祁连圆柏生长影响的滞后效应更明显。研究结果也有助于预测未来祁连圆柏的生长趋势变化, 为理解和保护祁连山森林生态系统的可持续发展提供理论支持。

关键词: 木质部分化, 水热变化, 微树芯, 径向生长, 祁连山

Abstract:

Aims The growth of trees is highly dependent on variations in the combination of external environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature. As a dominant coniferous species in the Qilian Mountains, Juniperus przewalskii’s growth dynamics in response to temperature and precipitation changes is crucial for the development of the forest ecosystem in the Qilian Mountains. Our objective is to identify the seasonal patterns of xylem formation of J. przewalskii and to clarify the characteristics of its intra-annual radial growth rate in response to variations in precipitation and temperature.

Methods This study selected five trees at altitude 3 000 m in the Qilian Mountains, collecting microcores from each tree every five days, and employed the microcoring method to complete laboratory experiments.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) The growth of J. przewalskii began around May 10 (day of the year (DOY) 131 ± 3) and ended around August 10 (DOY 223 ± 3), with a total growing season of (92 ± 2) d. (2) The dynamics of xylem cell number exhibited an S-shaped intra-annual trend, while the growth rate showed a Bell-shaped intra-annual trend, with a maximum growth rate of 0.32 units·column^-1·d^-1. The maximum growth rate occurred 12 d earlier than the summer solstice. (3) Hydrothermal variations emerge as primary drivers of intra-annual radial growth, with both temperature and precipitation demonstrating significant positive effects on growth rates. Notably, precipitation shows a more pronounced lagged effect on the growth of J. przewalskii. The findings of this study contribute to predicting future growth trends of J. przewalskii and provide theoretical support for understanding and protecting the sustainable development of the Qilian Mountains forest ecosystem.

Key words: xylem differentiation, hydrothermal variations, microcoring, radial growth, the Qilian Mountains

张乐, 焦亮, 薛儒鸿, 张鹏, 王旭鸽, 秦亚蓉, 后赛鹏, 马媛媛. 祁连山祁连圆柏年内径向生长对水热因素的响应. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(11): 1878-1889. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0084

ZHANG Le, JIAO Liang, XUE Ru-Hong, ZHANG Peng, WANG Xu-Ge, QIN Ya-Rong, HOU Sai-Peng, MA Yuan-Yuan. Response of intra-annual radial growth of Juniperus przewalskii in the Qilian Mountains to hydrothermal factors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(11): 1878-1889. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0084

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0084

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I11/1878

图/表 9

图1 祁连山祁连圆柏采样点及气象站位置(A)及祁连圆柏生长环境(B)。

Fig. 1 Sampling site of Juniperus przewalskii and the location of meteorological station in the Qilian Mountains (A) and the habitat conditions of Juniperus przewalskii (B).

图2 研究区2024年月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温及月总降水量。

Fig. 2 Monthly average temperature, average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature, and total monthly precipitation in the study area in 2024.

图3 祁连圆柏径向生长各阶段示意图。CZ, 形成层细胞; EC, 扩大期细胞; MC, 成熟期细胞; WT, 加厚期细胞。B图是A图在偏光下的效果。

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of each stages of radial growth in Juniperus przewalskii. CZ, cambial cells; EC, enlargement phase cells; MC, maturation phase cells; WT, wall thickening phase cells. Figure B shows the effect of figure A under polarized light.

图4 祁连圆柏2024年径向生长各发育阶段的起止时间及生长季长度(平均值±标准误)。DOY, 年序日。

Fig. 4 Start and end times of each developmental stage of radial growth in Juniperus przewalskii in 2024, along with the length of the growing season (mean ± SE). DOY, day of year.

图5 祁连圆柏2024年径向生长各发育阶段的细胞数量随时间的变化(平均值±标准误)。虚线表示生长季不同月份的分割。DOY, 年序日。

Fig. 5 Variation in the number of cells during each developmental stage of radial growth in Juniperus przewalskii in 2024 (mean ± SE). The dashed lines indicate the division between different months of the growing season. DOY, day of year.

表1 祁连圆柏2024年各样树Gompertz函数拟合的参数值及拟合解释量

Table 1 Parameter values of the Gompertz function fitted for various trees of Juniperus przewalskii in 2024 and the explanatory power of the fitting

样树 Sample tree	$A$(units·column^-1)	$k$	$\beta $	R²	${t}_{\text{p}}$(d)	${r}_{\text{max}}$(units·column^-1·d^-1)	${r}_{\text{mean}}$(units·column^-1·d^-1)
1	12.41	0.08	12.15	0.81	149.75	0.37	0.23
2	20.61	0.04	5.81	0.85	162.75	0.27	0.17
3	29.90	0.03	4.36	0.86	171.51	0.28	0.17
4	32.67	0.02	3.43	0.89	164.75	0.25	0.15
5	23.79	0.05	7.25	0.87	156.72	0.41	0.25
平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	23.88 ± 3.58	0.04 ± 0.01	6.60 ± 1.53	0.86 ± 0.01	161.10 ± 3.70	0.32 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.02

图6 Gompertz函数拟合的祁连圆柏2024年生长趋势变化及生长速率。DOY, 年序日。

Fig. 6 Growth trend and growth rate of Juniperus przewalskii in 2024 as fitted by the Gompertz function. DOY, day of year.

图7 气温和降水量与祁连圆柏生长速率的相关性分析。Pre, 降水量; Rmean, 生长速率; Tmax, 最高气温; Tmean, 平均气温; Tmin, 最低气温。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 7 Correlation analysis between temperature, precipitation, and the growth rate of Juniperus przewalskii. Pre, precipitation; Rmean, the growth rate of Juniperus przewalskii; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

表2 采样日前3、7、10天气温和降水量对祁连圆柏生长速率的影响

Table 2 Impact of temperature and precipitation from 3, 7, and 10 days prior to the sampling date on the growth rate of Juniperus przewalskii

影响因素 Impact factor	变量 Variable	估计值 Estimate	标准误差 Standard error	t	p
气温 Air temperature	截距 Intercept	-0.045	0.070	-0.644	0.520
	T_3-max	0.007	0.002	2.871	0.004
	截距 Intercept	-0.037	0.048	-0.767	0.443
	T_3-mean	0.009	0.002	4.129	0.000
	截距 Intercept	0.005	0.031	0.159	0.874
	T_3-min	0.011	0.002	5.374	0.000
	截距 Intercept	-0.130	0.074	-1.762	0.078
	T_7-max	0.009	0.002	3.900	0.000
	截距 Intercept	-0.085	0.050	-1.690	0.091
	T_7-mean	0.011	0.002	4.958	0.000
	截距 Intercept	0.007	0.031	0.216	0.829
	T_7-min	0.011	0.002	5.462	0.000
	截距 Intercept	-0.045	0.070	-0.644	0.520
	T_10-max	0.007	0.002	2.871	0.004
	截距 Intercept	-0.037	0.048	-0.767	0.443
	T_10-mean	0.009	0.002	4.129	0.000
	截距 Intercept	0.005	0.031	0.159	0.874
	T_10-min	0.011	0.002	5.374	0.000
降水量 Precipitation	截距 Intercept	0.135	0.017	8.100	0.000
	Pre_-3	0.011	0.003	3.198	0.001
	截距 Intercept	0.120	0.018	6.767	0.000
	Pre_-7	0.011	0.003	3.899	0.000
	截距 Intercept	0.135	0.017	8.100	0.000
	Pre_-10	0.011	0.003	3.198	0.001

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