藏东南色季拉山高山树线乔灌地上-地下养分分配策略

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0383

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1515-1526.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0383 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0383

藏东南色季拉山高山树线乔灌地上-地下养分分配策略

陈刚刚¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 朱思洁¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 郭亮娜¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 付芳伟², 刘昱灼¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 李江荣¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()

¹西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所, 西藏林芝 860000
²中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 北京 100101
³西藏农牧学院西藏高原森林生态教育部重点实验室, 西藏林芝 860000
⁴西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 西藏林芝 860000
⁵西藏自治区高寒植被生态安全重点实验室, 西藏林芝 860000

收稿日期:2024-10-26 接受日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-03-21
通讯作者: ^*李江荣 (ljrong06@xza.edu.cn)
基金资助:
西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202301JD0001G)

Aboveground and belowground nutrient allocation strategies for trees and shrubs at alpine treeline in Sygera Mountains of the southeastern Qingzang Plateau

CHEN Gang-Gang¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, ZHU Si-Jie¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, GUO Liang-Na¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, FU Fang-Wei², LIU Yu-Zhuo¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, LI Jiang-Rong¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()

¹Research Institute of Xizang Plateau Ecology, Xizang Agricultual & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Xizang 860000, China
²Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Xizang Plateau, Ministry of Education, Xizang Agricultual & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Xizang 860000, China
⁴National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Alpine Forest Ecosystems in Nyingchi, Xizang, Nyingchi, Xizang 860000, China
⁵Key Laboratory of Alpine Vegetation Ecological Security in Xizang, Nyingchi, Xizang 860000, China

Received:2024-10-26 Accepted:2025-03-21 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-03-21
Supported by:
Xizang Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project(XZ202301JD0001G)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过探究藏东南色季拉山高山树线优势树种方枝柏(Juniperus saltuaria)及雪层杜鹃(Rhododendron nivale)灌木在不同互作强度下的植物体地上-地下养分分配策略, 为该地区的生态保护及生态修复提供理论依据及支持。该研究以色季拉山高山树线方枝柏群落(乔木层盖度60%)、方枝柏优势的群落(乔木层盖度20%)、雪层杜鹃优势的群落(灌木层盖度56%)、雪层杜鹃群落(灌木层盖度75%)为研究对象, 于2022年8月采集4种植物群落中的优势种的叶、根及树冠范围内的土壤, 测定所得样品的养分元素含量, 通过生态化学计量及偏最小二乘法路径模型(PLS-PM)分析不同互作强度下的方枝柏、雪层杜鹃地上-地下养分及化学计量特征变化, 进而明确色季拉山高山树线地区两种优势乔灌植物在不同互作强度下的养分策略差异。结果显示: (1)方枝柏群落叶片碳(C)含量高于方枝柏优势群落, 氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量则相反; 方枝柏群落根系C含量低于方枝柏优势群落, N、P、K含量则相反。雪层杜鹃优势群落叶片C、K含量高于雪层杜鹃群落, N、P含量则相反; 雪层杜鹃优势群落根系C、N含量高于雪层杜鹃群落, P、K含量则相反; 4种植物群落叶片C、N、P、K含量远高于根系。(2)与方枝柏群落相比, 方枝柏优势群落更偏好将养分输送至叶片, 这种养分策略属激进类型; 与雪层杜鹃群落相比, 雪层杜鹃优势群落则将养分更多地输送至根系, 这种养分策略显得较为保守。研究区植物群落对土壤养分存在正向作用机制。

关键词: 高山树线, 乔灌互作, 养分策略权衡, 生态化学计量, 植物群落, 养分限制

Abstract:

Aims By investigating aboveground and belowground nutrient allocation strategies of dominant tree species (i.e., Juniperus saltuaria and Rhododendron nivale) under different interaction intensities at the alpine treeline of Sygera Mountains, we aim to provide theoretical basis and support for ecological protection and restoration for alpine zone.
Methods This study focuses on the J. saltuaria community (Canopy coverage of the arbor layer: 60%), the J. saltuaria dominated community (Canopy coverage of the arbor layer: 20%), the R. nivale dominated community (Coverage of the shrub layer: 56%), and the R. nivale community (Coverage of the shrub layer: 75%) at the alpine treeline of Sygera Mountains. In August 2022, leaves, roots, and soil within the canopy range of dominant species in these four plant communities were collected. The nutrient element content of the samples was measured, and the aboveground and belowground nutrient and other stoichiometric characteristics of J. saltuaria and R. nivale under different interaction intensities were analyzed using ecological stoichiometry and Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM). We aimed to clarify the differences in nutrient strategies of the two dominant tree and shrub species under varying interaction intensities at the alpine treeline of Sygera Mountains.
Important findings The results showed that (1) leaf carbon (C) content in the J. saltuaria community was higher than that in the J. saltuaria dominated community, while nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents were opposite; root C content in the J. saltuaria community was lower than that in the J. saltuaria dominated community, while N, P, and K contents were higher. In the R. nivale dominated community, leaf C and K contents were higher than those in the R. nivale community, whereas N and P contents were lower; root C and N contents were higher in the R. nivale dominated community, while P and K contents were lower. In all four plant communities, leaf C, N, P, and K contents were significantly higher than in roots. (2) Compared to the J. saltuaria community, the J. saltuaria dominated community preferred to allocate more nutrients to leaves, representing an aggressive nutrient strategy. In contrast, the R. nivale dominated community transported more nutrients to roots compared to the R. nivale community, reflecting a more conservative nutrient strategy. Additionally, a positive feedback mechanism exists between plant communities and soil nutrients in the study area.

Key words: alpine treeline, tree-shrub interaction, nutrient allocation strategy, ecological stoichiometry, plant community, nutrient restriction

陈刚刚, 朱思洁, 郭亮娜, 付芳伟, 刘昱灼, 李江荣. 藏东南色季拉山高山树线乔灌地上-地下养分分配策略. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(9): 1515-1526. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0383

CHEN Gang-Gang, ZHU Si-Jie, GUO Liang-Na, FU Fang-Wei, LIU Yu-Zhuo, LI Jiang-Rong. Aboveground and belowground nutrient allocation strategies for trees and shrubs at alpine treeline in Sygera Mountains of the southeastern Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(9): 1515-1526. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0383

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0383

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I9/1515

图/表 7

表1 高山树线过渡带4种植物群落样地基本特征

Table 1 Basic characteristics of sample plots of four plant communities in the alpine treeline ecotone

植物群落 Plant community	简写 Abbreviation	海拔 Ailtitude (m)	郁闭度/盖度 Canopy density or coverage (%)	平均高度 Average height (m)	植被类型 Vegetation type
方枝柏群落 Juniperus saltuaria community	CF	4 100	60	8.30	EN
方枝柏优势的群落 Community dominated by Juniperus saltuaria	JF	4 350	20	1.84	EN
雪层杜鹃优势的群落 Community dominated by Rhododendron nivale	JDJ	4 350	56	0.84	EB
雪层杜鹃群落 Rhododendron nivale community	DJ	4 450	75	0.65	EB

图1 藏东南色季拉山高山树线过渡带样地概况图。

Fig. 1 General situation map of sample plots in the alpine treeline ecotone of Sygera Mountains, southeast Xizang.

表2 乔灌混交与非混交样地土壤理化性质及植物群落丰富度(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Soil physicochemical properties and plant community richness (mean ± SE) of mixed coniferous and shrub plots versus non-mixed plots

理化性质 Physical and chemical property	方枝柏群落 CF	方枝柏优势的群落 JF	雪层杜鹃优势的群落 JDJ	雪层杜鹃群落 DJ
有机碳含量 Organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	109.08 ± 15.04^a	75.44 ± 7.89^b	68.42 ± 5.25^b	53.90 ± 6.63^b
全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	6.60 ± 0.86^a	4.40 ± 0.26^b	4.39 ± 0.29^b	3.60 ± 0.44^b
全磷含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	0.90 ± 0.03^a	0.82 ± 0.03^b	0.79 ± 0.02^bc	0.72 ± 0.02^c
全钾含量 Total potassium content (g·kg^-1)	6.49 ± 0.41^a	6.83 ± 0.20^a	7.43 ± 0.19^a	7.28 ± 0.46^a
速效氮含量 Available nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	0.88 ± 0.11^a	0.62 ± 0.04^b	0.61 ± 0.04^b	0.48 ± 0.06^b
速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	15.92 ± 2.30^a	15.57 ± 1.19^a	12.33 ± 1.15^a	13.51 ± 1.40^a
速效钾含量 Available potassium content (g·kg^-1)	0.17 ± 0.02^a	0.11 ± 0.01^b	0.11 ± 0.01^b	0.09 ± 0.01^b
Margalef指数 Margalef index	2.15 ± 0.06^c	3.92 ± 0.26^a	3.92 ± 0.26^a	3.00 ± 0.21^b
pH	5.33 ± 0.02^b	5.42 ± 0.07^a	5.57 ± 0.03^a	5.50 ± 0.04^a

图2 乔灌植物叶片、根系、土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)化学计量比及差异性。CF, 方枝柏群落; DJ, 雪层杜鹃群落; JDJ, 雪层杜鹃优势的群落; JF, 方枝柏优势的群落。不同小写字母表示植物叶片、根系及土壤化学计量比在不同群落间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Stoichiometric ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the leaves, roots, and soil of arboreal and shrub plants, as well as their differences. CF, Juniperus saltuaria community; DJ, Rhododendron nivale community; JDJ, community dominated by Rhododendron nivale; JF, community dominated by Juniperus saltuaria. Different lowercase letters signify that the differences in the stoichiometric ratios of plant leaves, roots, and soil among various communities are statistically significant (p < 0.05).

表3 乔灌叶片、细根养分含量及差异性(平均值±标准误)

Table 3 Nutrient content in the leaves and fine roots of arboreal and shrub plants, along with their differences (mean ± SE)

植物群落 Plant community	营养器官 Vegetative organ	碳含量 Carbon content (g·kg^-1)	氮含量 Nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	磷含量 Phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	钾含量 Potassium content (g·kg^-1)
方枝柏群落 CF	叶片 Leaf	538.49 ± 1.53^a	11.01 ± 0.40^b	0.93 ± 0.02^c	4.16 ± 0.18^c
方枝柏群落 CF	根 Root	514.52 ± 3.84^a	7.31 ± 0.19^a	0.61 ± 0.02^a	2.63 ± 0.20^a
方枝柏优势的群落 JF	叶片 Leaf	529.78 ± 1.71^b	11.39 ± 0.26^b	1.12 ± 0.04^b	5.18 ± 0.58^b
方枝柏优势的群落 JF	根 Root	514.88 ± 2.40^a	4.23 ± 0.09^c	0.52 ± 0.01^b	2.21 ± 0.05^b
雪层杜鹃优势的群落 JDJ	叶片 Leaf	529.18 ± 1.50^b	19.25 ± 0.15^a	1.23 ± 0.03^a	7.12 ± 0.21^a
雪层杜鹃优势的群落 JDJ	根 Root	505.94 ± 1.52^b	5.35 ± 0.22^b	0.48 ± 0.01^b	1.71 ± 0.05^c
雪层杜鹃群落 DJ	叶片 Leaf	522.72 ± 1.77^c	19.91 ± 0.43^a	1.32 ± 0.04^a	7.00 ± 0.21^a
雪层杜鹃群落 DJ	根 Root	500.34 ± 2.93^b	4.51 ± 0.13^c	0.52 ± 0.01^b	1.91 ± 0.04^bc

图3 4种植物群落植物器官、土壤养分及植物群落丰富度的路径分析。CF, 方枝柏群落; DJ, 雪层杜鹃群落; JDJ, 雪层杜鹃优势的群落; JF, 方枝柏优势的群落。Leaf, 叶片养分含量; ML, 植物群落丰富度; Root, 根系养分含量; Soil, 土壤养分含量。GoF, 模型拟合优度。*表示路径间显著相关(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Path analysis of plant organs, soil nutrients, and plant community richness in four plant communities. CF, Juniperus saltuaria community; DJ, Rhododendron nivale community; JDJ, community dominated by Rhododendron nivale; JF, community dominated by Juniperus saltuaria. Leaf, leaf nutrient content; ML, plant community richness; Root, root nutrient content; Soil, soil nutrient content. GoF, goodness-of-fit of the model. * denotes a significant correlation between the paths (p < 0.05).

图4 色季拉山高山树线乔灌养分策略权衡示意图。(+)、(-), 正负相关关系; 箭头方向表示养分运输方向。

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of nutrient strategy trade-offs at the alpine treeline in Sygera Mountains. (+), (-), positive and negative correlation relationships; the direction of the arrows indicates the direction of nutrient transport.

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藏东南色季拉山高山树线乔灌地上-地下养分分配策略

Aboveground and belowground nutrient allocation strategies for trees and shrubs at alpine treeline in Sygera Mountains of the southeastern Qingzang Plateau

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