植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 1250-1260.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00120

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

分室培养装置在丛枝菌根真菌研究中的应用及其发展

王强1,王茜1,董梅2,王晓娟1,张亮1,金樑1,*()   

  1. 1 兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 兰州 730020
    2 云南农业大学植物保护学院, 昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-15 接受日期:2014-08-22 出版日期:2014-04-15 发布日期:2014-11-17
  • 通讯作者: 金樑
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31270558);国家公益性行业农业科研专项经费(201203041);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2013-86)

Application and progress of split-compartment facility in studies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

WANG Qiang1,WANG Qian1,DONG Mei2,WANG Xiao-Juan1,ZHANG Liang1,JIN Liang1,*()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
    2 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
  • Received:2014-04-15 Accepted:2014-08-22 Online:2014-04-15 Published:2014-11-17
  • Contact: JIN Liang

摘要:

重点围绕玻璃珠分室培养系统、H形分室培养系统、根排斥室培养系统、供体自养植物的双分室体外培养系统、丛枝菌根(AM)真菌与普通植物根器官的双重培养系统、AM真菌与Ri T-DNA转型根的双重单胞无菌培养系统、AM真菌与Ri T-DNA转型根双重培养的改良分室单胞培养系统等7个不同的分室培养装置, 对AM真菌的培养类型及其应用进行了系统的评述。其中, 采用玻璃珠分室培养装置易于将AM真菌与培养基质分开, 能获得大量纯净的AM真菌繁殖体, 用于研究AM真菌对矿质元素和微量元素的吸收, 具有不可替代的作用。H形分室培养系统和根排斥室(RECs)培养系统均能够获得连续的、可切断的共生菌根网络(CMNs), 可用于研究植物-植物、植物-昆虫之间化感作用产生的信息交流。供体自养植物的双分室培养系统有益于研究AM真菌对宿主植物在单作和混作条件下生长效应的影响。AM真菌与植物根器官的双重培养系统为研究AM真菌的侵染过程及生理、生化特性提供了极大的方便, 同时为纯培养研究提供了重要的理论依据。AM真菌与Ri T-DNA转型根的双重单胞无菌培养体系可以获得AM真菌纯净菌体, 是研究AM真菌遗传、生理、生化等特性的理想方法。以AM真菌与Ri T-DNA转型根的双重单胞无菌培养系统为基础, 可以在菌丝生长室置换培养基、在根室中补充适量碳源, 并多次收获AM真菌繁殖体。转型根改良双重培养系统是提高AM真菌孢子接种剂产量的有效方法。综上所述, AM真菌的分室培养系统已经取得显著进展, 为开展个体、种群、群落等不同层次的菌根生态学研究提供了依据。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 宿主植物, 菌丝体网络, 分室培养装置, 孢子

Abstract:

Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are an important symbiosis between vascular plants and AM fungi in terrestrial ecosystems. Many studies have focused on their species diversity, distribution, and functions in natural habitats. However, AM fungi cannot be propagated in isolation; they need to be cultured with host plants. Thus, development of the culture method has been a hotspot in the AM research. In order to facilitate the advancement of research on AM fungi, we reviewed all the culture methods for AM fungi and their applications. Seven split-compartment cultivation systems were systematically discussed, including glass bead split-compartment culture system, two-compartment H-bridge cultivation system, root exclusion compartment culture system, in vitro mycorrhizal donor plants (MDP) culture system, dual axenic culture system, dual monoaxenic culture system of AM fungi with Ri T-DNA transformed root, and the improved split-compartment monoaxenic culture system of AM fungi with Ri T-DNA transformed root. Glass bead split-compartment culture system plays an irreplaceable role in easily separating AM fungi from the medium, hence obtaining a large quantity of axenic AM fungal propagules, which can be used for studying the absorption of mineral nutrients and trace elements. The H-shaped compartment cultivation system and root exclusion compartment culture system (RECs) can be used for obtaining continuous common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), making it possible for the study of secondary metabolites information exchange, such as the plant-plant and plant-insect allelopathy. In vitro mycorrhizal donor plants (MDP) culture system has the advantage to study the biological effects of AM fungi on monoculture of host plants or mixed cultivation with different plant species. The dual axenic culture system facilitates the study of the infection process of AM fungi and their physiological and biochemical properties, and assists with gaining theoretical understanding on pure culture of AM fungi. Dual monoaxenic culture system of AM fungi with Ri T-DNA transformed root could be used to obtain axenic mycelium of AM fungi, and for further study of its genetic, physiological and biochemical properties. Based on dual monoaxenic culture system of AM fungi with Ri T-DNA transformed root, the medium can be replaced in the hyphal compartment and carbon source could be supplemented in the mycorrhizal compartment, and thus AM fungal propagules could be harvested continuously. The improved split-compartment monoaxenic culture system of AM fungi with Ri T-DNA transformed root is an effective method to improve the production of the inoculants with AM fungi. In a word, the different split-compartment instruments have provided effective methods for mycorrhizal research in autecology, population ecology and community ecology.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi, host plants, network of mycelium, split-compartment instrument, spores