磷高效利用杉木对低磷胁迫的适应性与内源激素的相关性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

激素是植物适应逆境的重要信号物质, 从激素调控角度研究植物对养分匮乏环境的适应机制对磷高效营养基因型的选育具有重要意义。该研究通过分析被动忍受型(M1)与主动活化型(M4)两个磷高效利用杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)基因型在低磷胁迫下不同处理阶段的激素含量变化规律, 结合根系形态变化、干物质及养分分配规律, 研究磷高效利用杉木对低磷胁迫的适应性与内源激素的相关性。结果表明: 低磷处理下, 磷高效利用杉木M1与M4叶的激素含量与其适应特性之间无相关性, 而根系的激素含量与根系生长显著相关。低磷处理条件下, M1与M4根系中的IAA含量自27 h起表现为大于高磷对照, 且随时间延长呈增加趋势。根系中的IAA含量与根表面积、体积及根长等显著正相关, IAA的增加诱导了根系的增长, M1与M4均表现出一定的根系增长量。其中, M4存在明显的IAA由地上向基部积累的现象, M4的根系增生能力比M1更强。同时, 根系增长促使更多的干物质分配到根系, M4的根冠比在整个处理过程中均高于高磷对照。与IAA相同, M1与M4根系的ABA与GA₃含量总体也表现为低磷处理>高磷对照, 但随时间延长, 低磷条件下ABA与GA₃的含量呈下降趋势, 二者与根系增长量呈负相关关系。M1与M4根系内的ZT含量在低磷条件下也呈下降趋势, 且逐渐低于高磷对照, 而其与低磷适应特性间并无显著相关性。可见, 低磷胁迫下, 磷高效利用杉木M1与M4根系中的IAA、ABA与GA₃含量与其根系形态变化密切相关, 各器官的物质、能量、信息的综合调控是植物适应低磷逆境的重要生存策略。

关键词: 低磷胁迫, 内源激素, 磷高效利用, 杉木, 根系形态, 根冠比, 养分分配

Abstract: Aims

Hormones are important signals for plants adaption to environmental stresses. To understand the mechanism of plants adaptation to nutrient deficiency from the perspective of hormone regulation is of great significance for breeding the genotypes with high phosphorus (P)-use efficiency.

Methods

This study investigated the correlation between hormone content and the adaptability of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) to low P stress by examining the changes of hormone content, root morphology, root dry matter and root P distribution patterns in the passive tolerance (M1) and active activation (M4) genotypes under low P stress at different treatment periods.

Important findings

No correlation was found between the foliar hormone contents and the adaptive characteristics of M1 and M4 under low P stress, although the root hormone content was significantly correlated with the growth index of roots. Low P stresses increased root IAA contents in M1 and M4 after 27 h of treatments and increased continuously with the prolongation of time. The IAA contents were positively correlated with surface area, volume and length of roots in both M1 and M4 (p < 0.05), suggesting that the increase of IAA induced root growth in both genotypes. Specifically, we observed an obvious phenomenon of IAA transportation from leaves to roots in M4, along with stronger root growth of M4 compared with that of M1. Meanwhile, low P stress increased the root-shoot ratio of M4, suggesting that root growth prompted more dry matter distribution to roots. Similarly, the ABA and GA₃ contents in both M1 and M4 roots also increased as P availability decreased, but they showed a trend toward decrease over time and a negative correlation with root growth. The ZT contents in the root lower under low P treatment, yet there was no significant correlation between its contents and the low P adaptive characteristics of M1 and M4. Our results indicated that the contents of root IAA, ABA, and GA₃ in Chinese fir clones with high P-use efficiency were closely related to the morphological changes of the roots. These comprehensive regulations of different organs is an essential survival strategy for plants to adapt to low P stress.

Key words: low phosphorus stress, endogenous hormone, high phosphorus-use efficiency, Chinese fir, root morphology, root shoot ratio, nutrient distribution

邹显花, 胡亚楠, 韦丹, 陈思同, 吴鹏飞, 马祥庆. 磷高效利用杉木对低磷胁迫的适应性与内源激素的相关性. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(2): 139-151. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0201

ZOU Xian-Hua, HU Ya-Nan, WEI Dan, CHEN Si-Tong, WU Peng-Fei, MA Xiang-Qing. Correlation between endogenous hormone and the adaptability of Chinese fir with high phosphorus-use efficiency to low phosphorus stress. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(2): 139-151. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0201

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0201

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I2/139

图/表 7

图1 水培装置图。

Fig. 1 Equipment design of hydroponics culture.

图2 杉木M1在不同处理时间的内源激素含量比较(平均值±标准偏差)。A, 生长素(IAA)含量。B, 脱落酸(ABA)含量。C, 赤霉素(GA3)含量。D, 细胞分裂(ZT)含量。L-P代表低磷处理, H-P代表高磷对照。不同小写字母表示低磷处理条件下不同处理时间的内源激素含量差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示高磷对照条件下不同处理时间的内源激素含量差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Endogenous hormone contents of Cunninghamia lanceolata M1 at different sampling periods (mean ± SD). A, IAA content. B, ABA content. C, GA3 content. D, ZT content. L-P and H-P represent the low and high phosphorus treatments, respectively. Different lower- and upper-case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in each variables across different treatment periods under L-P and H-P conditions, respectively.

图3 杉木M4在不同处理时间的内源激素含量比较(平均值±标准偏差)。A, 生长素(IAA)含量。B, 脱落酸(ABA)含量。C, 赤霉素(GA3)含量。D, 细胞分裂(ZT)含量。L-P代表低磷处理, H-P代表高磷对照。不同小写字母表示低磷处理条件下不同处理时间的内源激素含量差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示高磷对照条件下不同处理时间的内源激素含量差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Endogenous hormone content of Cunninghamia lanceolata M4 at different sampling periods (mean ± SD). A, IAA content. B, ABA content. C, GA3 content. D, ZT content. L-P and H-P represent the low and high phosphorus treatments, respectively. Different lower- and upper-case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in each variables across different treatment periods under L-P and H-P conditions, respectively.

图4 不同磷高效利用杉木在不同处理时间的根系形态变化比较(平均值±标准偏差)。A, M1根长增量。B, M4根长增量。C, M1根表面积增量。D, M4根表面积增量。E, M1根体积增量。F, M4根体积增量。G, M1根平均直径。H, M4根平均直径。L-P代表低磷处理, H-P代表高磷对照。不同小写字母表示低磷处理条件下不同处理时间的根系形态变化差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示高磷对照条件下不同处理时间的根系形态变化差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Root morphological changes of different Cunninghamia lanceolata with different high phosphorus-use efficiency at different sampling periods (mean ± SD). A, Root length increments of M1. B, Root length increments of M4. C, Root surface area increments of M1. D, Root surface area increments of M4. E, Root volume increments of M1. F, Root volume increments of M4. G, Averaged root diameter of M1. H, Averaged root diameter of M4. L-P and H-P represent the low and high P treatments, respectively. Different lower- and upper-case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in each variables across different treatment periods under L-P and H-P conditions, respectively.

图5 不同磷高效利用杉木在不同处理时间的根冠比比较(平均值±标准偏差)。A, M1的根冠比。B, M4的根冠比。L-P代表低磷处理, H-P代表高磷对照。不同小写字母表示低磷处理条件下不同处理时间的根冠比差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示高磷对照条件下不同处理时间的根冠比差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Root/shoot ratio of different Cunninghamia lanceolata with different high P-use efficiency at different sampling periods (mean ± SD). A, Root/shoot ratio of M1. B, Root/shoot ratio of M4. L-P and H-P represent the low and high P treatments, respectively. Different lower- and upper-case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) across different treatment periods under L-P and H-P conditions, respectively.

图6 不同磷高效利用杉木在不同处理时间的磷含量分配比较(平均值±标准偏差)。A, M1地上部分与根系的磷含量分配。B, M4地上部分与根系的磷含量分配。L-P代表低磷处理, H-P代表高磷对照。不同小写字母表示低磷处理条件下不同处理时间的磷含量差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示高磷对照条件下不同处理时间的磷含量差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Phosphorous distribution patterns of Cunninghamia lanceolata with different high P-use efficiency at different sampling periods (mean ± SD). A, Phosphorous distribution patterns in the aerial part and roots of M1. B, Phosphorous distribution patterns in the aerial part and roots of M4. L-P and H-P represent the low and high P treatments, respectively. Different lower- and upper- case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) across different treatment periods under L-P and H-P conditions, respectively.

表1 不同磷高效利用杉木内源激素与苗木生长特性的相关性分析

Table 1 Correlation between endogenous hormones and growth characteristics of Chinese fir clones with high phosphorus-use efficiency under different phosphorus levels

家系 Clone	部位 Organ	供磷处理 Phosphorus supply level	内源激素 Endogenous hormone	根体积 Root volume	根平均直径 Average root diameter	根表面积 Root surface area	根长 Root length	根冠比 Root/shoot ratio	地上部磷养分含量 P content in the aerial parts	根磷养分含量 P content in the roots
M1	叶片 Leaves	L-P	ABA	-0.159	-0.161	-0.186	-0.306	0.289	0.313	0.103
			IAA	-0.075	0.100	0.046	0.136	-0.190	-0.072	0.046
			GA₃	0.525	-0.674	0.550	0.221	-0.655	0.518	-0.018
			ZT	-0.644	0.443	-0.663	-0.495	0.382	-0.170	0.604
		H-P	ABA	-0.019	0.372	-0.103	-0.473	0.157	-0.540	0.352
			IAA	0.250	-0.548	0.364	0.435	-0.186	0.546	0.006
			GA₃	0.313	-0.571	0.365	0.131	0.045	0.545	0.517
			ZT	-0.391	0.701	-0.423	-0.210	0.589	-0.208	0.237
	根系 Roots	L-P	ABA	-0.958^**	0.442	-0.921^**	-0.863^*	0.077	-0.073	0.682
			IAA	0.891^**	-0.777^*	0.880^**	0.627	-0.245	0.381	-0.675
			GA₃	-0.794^*	0.558	-0.797^*	-0.715	-0.316	-0.317	0.660
			ZT	-0.554	0.276	-0.564	-0.482	-0.415	-0.346	0.693
		H-P	ABA	-0.612	0.416	-0.604	-0.695	0.538	-0.690	0.302
			IAA	0.672	-0.456	0.619	0.128	-0.599	-0.180	-0.230
			GA₃	-0.370	0.427	-0.360	-0.409	0.029	-0.402	-0.035
			ZT	-0.383	0.364	-0.360	-0.374	-0.010	-0.359	-0.110
M4	叶片 Leaves	L-P	ABA	-0.106	0.430	-0.205	-0.170	-0.258	-0.167	-0.602
			IAA	-0.045	-0.239	0.006	-0.205	-0.027	-0.099	0.572
			GA₃	-0.130	0.302	-0.186	0.066	0.120	-0.068	-0.341
			ZT	-0.344	0.563	-0.432	-0.376	-0.071	-0.281	-0.336
		H-P	ABA	-0.146	0.494	-0.138	-0.106	0.107	-0.123	-0.310
			IAA	0.338	-0.394	0.393	0.453	-0.278	0.012	0.219
			GA₃	-0.524	0.584	-0.466	-0.331	0.440	0.336	0.065
			ZT	0.054	-0.361	0.078	0.103	0.230	-0.038	-0.357
	根系 Roots	L-P	ABA	-0.079	0.368	-0.114	-0.120	-0.170	-0.248	-0.625
			IAA	0.772^*	-0.876^**	0.963^**	0.810^*	-0.647	0.481	-0.906^**
			GA₃	-0.380	0.248	-0.357	-0.429	0.081	-0.542	0.223
			ZT	-0.434	0.286	-0.402	-0.473	0.157	-0.533	0.282
		H-P	ABA	0.450	0.003	0.425	0.184	-0.242	-0.606	-0.474
			IAA	0.692	-0.475	0.735	0.689	-0.512	-0.313	-0.694
			GA₃	-0.291	0.138	-0.356	-0.285	0.280	-0.506	0.086
			ZT	-0.497	0.111	-0.481	-0.266	0.362	0.126	0.644

表1 不同磷高效利用杉木内源激素与苗木生长特性的相关性分析

Table 1 Correlation between endogenous hormones and growth characteristics of Chinese fir clones with high phosphorus-use efficiency under different phosphorus levels

家系 Clone	部位 Organ	供磷处理 Phosphorus supply level	内源激素 Endogenous hormone	根体积 Root volume	根平均直径 Average root diameter	根表面积 Root surface area	根长 Root length	根冠比 Root/shoot ratio	地上部磷养分含量 P content in the aerial parts	根磷养分含量 P content in the roots
M1	叶片 Leaves	L-P	ABA	-0.159	-0.161	-0.186	-0.306	0.289	0.313	0.103
			IAA	-0.075	0.100	0.046	0.136	-0.190	-0.072	0.046
			GA₃	0.525	-0.674	0.550	0.221	-0.655	0.518	-0.018
			ZT	-0.644	0.443	-0.663	-0.495	0.382	-0.170	0.604
		H-P	ABA	-0.019	0.372	-0.103	-0.473	0.157	-0.540	0.352
			IAA	0.250	-0.548	0.364	0.435	-0.186	0.546	0.006
			GA₃	0.313	-0.571	0.365	0.131	0.045	0.545	0.517
			ZT	-0.391	0.701	-0.423	-0.210	0.589	-0.208	0.237
	根系 Roots	L-P	ABA	-0.958^**	0.442	-0.921^**	-0.863^*	0.077	-0.073	0.682
			IAA	0.891^**	-0.777^*	0.880^**	0.627	-0.245	0.381	-0.675
			GA₃	-0.794^*	0.558	-0.797^*	-0.715	-0.316	-0.317	0.660
			ZT	-0.554	0.276	-0.564	-0.482	-0.415	-0.346	0.693
		H-P	ABA	-0.612	0.416	-0.604	-0.695	0.538	-0.690	0.302
			IAA	0.672	-0.456	0.619	0.128	-0.599	-0.180	-0.230
			GA₃	-0.370	0.427	-0.360	-0.409	0.029	-0.402	-0.035
			ZT	-0.383	0.364	-0.360	-0.374	-0.010	-0.359	-0.110
M4	叶片 Leaves	L-P	ABA	-0.106	0.430	-0.205	-0.170	-0.258	-0.167	-0.602
			IAA	-0.045	-0.239	0.006	-0.205	-0.027	-0.099	0.572
			GA₃	-0.130	0.302	-0.186	0.066	0.120	-0.068	-0.341
			ZT	-0.344	0.563	-0.432	-0.376	-0.071	-0.281	-0.336
		H-P	ABA	-0.146	0.494	-0.138	-0.106	0.107	-0.123	-0.310
			IAA	0.338	-0.394	0.393	0.453	-0.278	0.012	0.219
			GA₃	-0.524	0.584	-0.466	-0.331	0.440	0.336	0.065
			ZT	0.054	-0.361	0.078	0.103	0.230	-0.038	-0.357
	根系 Roots	L-P	ABA	-0.079	0.368	-0.114	-0.120	-0.170	-0.248	-0.625
			IAA	0.772^*	-0.876^**	0.963^**	0.810^*	-0.647	0.481	-0.906^**
			GA₃	-0.380	0.248	-0.357	-0.429	0.081	-0.542	0.223
			ZT	-0.434	0.286	-0.402	-0.473	0.157	-0.533	0.282
		H-P	ABA	0.450	0.003	0.425	0.184	-0.242	-0.606	-0.474
			IAA	0.692	-0.475	0.735	0.689	-0.512	-0.313	-0.694
			GA₃	-0.291	0.138	-0.356	-0.285	0.280	-0.506	0.086
			ZT	-0.497	0.111	-0.481	-0.266	0.362	0.126	0.644

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