Effects of dissolved organic matter derived from different plant and tissues in a subtropical forest on soil priming effect and the underlying mechanisms

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0288

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The input of exogenous organic matter can affect the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC) through positive or negative priming effects. However, few studies have considered the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from different plant and tissues on soil priming effect and revealed the underlying mechanisms.

Methods In this study, we investigated the different priming effects of ¹³C-labeled DOM derived from roots and leaves of different plants (i.e., Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Manglietia fordiana and Acacia confusa) on SOC mineralization and clarifying the underlying mechanisms via an incubation experiment of soils sampled from Wuyi Mountain.

Important findings Inputs of DOM derived from different plant and tissues all accelerated the mineralization of SOC, exhibiting a positive priming effect at the initial stage after DOM input, and then showed a negative priming effect. For the cumulative priming effect during the whole incubation period (90 d), the input of DOM inhibited the mineralization of SOC, with the reduction magnitude ranging from 22% to 49%. Among them, the input of DOM derived from roots of Cyclobalanopsis glauca had the most pronounced effect on the reduction of SOC mineralization, while the input of DOM derived from leaves of M. glauca had the least effect on reduction of SOC mineralization. The intensity of soil priming effect induced by DOM was significantly affected by different plant tissues. DOM derived from plant roots showed more pronounced negative priming effect than DOM derived from plant leaves. In general, DOM input increased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil β-glucosidase activities and cellobiohydrolase activities and soil available nitrogen content, but had no significant effect on the composition of soil microbial community. The structural equation model showed that soil priming effect induced by DOM was mainly affected by soil ¹³C-MBC, cellobiohydrolase activity and soil available nitrogen content. Changes in these factors could explain 68% and 86% of the variation of priming effect induced by plant leaf-derived DOM and root-derived DOM, respectively. The results suggested that if the soil is rich in available nitrogen, DOM input can accelerate the decomposition of exogenous organic matter through increasing microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity, and thus reducing the decomposition of SOC. Therefore, “substrate preferential utilization” is the main mechanism of soil priming effect in this study.

Key words: dissolved organic matter, priming effect, enzyme activity, soil organic carbon mineralization, subtropical plants

GAN Zi-Ying, WANG Hao, DING Chi, LEI Mei, YANG Xiao-Gang, CAI Jing-Yan, QIU Qing-Yan, HU Ya-Lin. Effects of dissolved organic matter derived from different plant and tissues in a subtropical forest on soil priming effect and the underlying mechanisms[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(7): 797-810.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0288

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I7/797

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Basic chemical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from different plant and tissues in a subtropical forest (mean ± SE, n = 3)

植物器官 Plant tissue	碳(C)含量 Carbon (C) content (g·kg^-1)	氮(N)含量 Nitrogen (N) content (g·kg^-1)	C:N	稳定碳同位素比值 δ¹³C (‰)
CGL	426.70 ± 1.17^a	3.79 ± 0.05^g	112.54 ± 0.13^a	32.16 ± 0.05^g
CGR	362.52 ± 6.80^c	4.71 ± 0.04^f	77.03 ± 0.72^c	26.83 ± 0.05^h
CLL	380.69 ± 17.98^b	4.43 ± 0.15^fg	85.96 ± 1.16^b	40.25 ± 0.01^e
CLR	355.38 ± 0.29^cd	17.21 ± 0.09^c	20.65 ± 0.12^e	36.37 ± 0.03^f
ACL	351.61 ± 0.81^cd	50.11 ± 0.56^a	7.02 ± 0.08^g	44.36 ± 0.10^d
ACR	342.23 ± 3.36^de	15.08 ± 0.08^d	22.69 ± 0.14^e	53.92 ± 0.10^a
MFL	362.64 ± 0.81^c	7.52 ± 0.24^e	48.28 ± 1.63^d	49.30 ± 0.20^c
MFR	329.10 ± 0.15^e	19.62 ± 0.10^b	16.77 ± 0.08^f	49.89 ± 0.20^b

Fig. 1 Dynamics of cumulative CO2 emissions derived from soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a subtropical forest and contribution of different carbon sources to CO2 emissions (mean ± SE, n = 3). ACL, Acacia confusa leaf; ACR, Acacia confusa root; CGL, Cyclobalanopsis glauca leaf; CGR, Cyclobalanopsis glauca root; CK, control; CLL, Cunninghamia lanceolata leaf; CLR, Cunninghamia lanceolata root; MFL, Manglietia fordiana leaf; MFR, Manglietia fordiana root. ** and * represent the factor has significant effect on the index at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. ns represents no significant effect. Different lowercase letters indicate CO2 emissions derived from soil was significantly different under different treatments (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate the CO2 emissions derived from DOM were significantly different under different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2 Effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from different plant and tissues in a subtropical forest on soil priming rate and soil cumulative priming effect (mean ± SE, n = 3). ACL, Acacia confusa leaf; ACR, Acacia confusa root; CGL, Cyclobalanopsis glauca leaf; CGR, Cyclobalanopsis glauca root; CK, control; CLL, Cunninghamia lanceolata leaf; CLR, Cunninghamia lanceolata root; MFL, Manglietia fordiana leaf; MFR, Manglietia fordiana root. ** and * represent the factor has significant effect on the index at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. ns represents the factor has no significant effect on the index.

Fig. 3 Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from different plant and tissues in a subtropical forest on soil β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities (means ± SE, n = 3). ACL, Acacia confusa leaf; ACR, Acacia confusa root; CGL, Cyclobalanopsis glauca leaf; CGR, Cyclobalanopsis glauca root; CK, control; CLL, Cunninghamia lanceolata leaf; CLR, Cunninghamia lanceolata root; MFL, Manglietia fordiana leaf; MFR, Manglietia fordiana root. ** and * represent the factor has significant effect on the index at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. ns represents no significant effect. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4 Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from different plant and tissues in a subtropical forest on soil MBC and 13C-MBC content (means ± SE, n = 3). ACL, Acacia confusa leaf; ACR, Acacia confusa root; CGL, Cyclobalanopsis glauca leaf; CGR, Cyclobalanopsis glauca root; CK, control; CLL, Cunninghamia lanceolata leaf; CLR, Cunninghamia lanceolata root; MFL, Manglietia fordiana leaf; MFR, Manglietia fordiana root. ** and * represent the factor has significant effect on the index at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. ns represents no significant effect. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5 Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from different plant and tissues in a subtropical forest on soil microbial phosphate fatty acids (PLFAs) content (means ± SE, n = 3). G+, Gram-positive bacteria; G-, Gram-negative bacteria. ACL, Acacia confusa leaf; ACR, Acacia confusa root; CGL, Cyclobalanopsis glauca leaf; CGR, Cyclobalanopsis glauca root; CK, control; CLL, Cunninghamia lanceolata leaf; CLR, Cunninghamia lanceolata root; MFL, Manglietia fordiana leaf; MFR, Manglietia fordiana root. ** and * represent the factor has significant effect on the index at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. ns represents no significant effect.

Fig. 6 Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from different plant and tissues in a subtropical forest on soil available nitrogen (means ± SE, n = 3). ACL, Acacia confusa leaf; ACR, Acacia confusa root; CGL, Cyclobalanopsis glauca leaf; CGR, Cyclobalanopsis glauca root; CK, control; CLL, Cunninghamia lanceolata leaf; CLR, Cunninghamia lanceolata root; MFL, Manglietia fordiana leaf; MFR, Manglietia fordiana root. ** and * represent the factor has significant effect on the index at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. ns represents no significant effect. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 7 Structural equation model (SEM) for the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from roots and leaves of plant input on soil priming effect in a subtropical forest. Solid line is positive path and dashed line is negative path. Arrow line thickness indicates the strength of the causal relationship. Numbers adjacent to arrows represented standardized path coefficients of the relationships (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001). Solid and dashed arrows indicated positive and negative relationships in a fitted SEM, respectively. Double-sided arrows represented covariance between variables. The total variation explained by the model is indicated by R2. AGFI, adjusted goodness of fit index; 13C-MBC, plant-derived microbial biomass carbon; G-, Gram-negative bacteria; GFI, goodness of fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.

Table 2 Relationship between soil priming effect and soil biochemical indices in a subtropical forest

可溶性有机质来源 Dissolved organic matter source	土壤生化指标 Soil biochemical index	标准化直接效应值 Standardized direct effect	标准化间接效应值 Standardized indirect effect	标准化总效应值 Standardized total effect	p
叶 Leaf	土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen	0.000	0.466	0.466	<0.01
	细菌 Bacteria	-0.121	-0.078	-0.199	<0.05
	纤维素酶 Cellobiohydrolase	-0.547	0.000	-0.547	<0.01
	植物来源微生物生物量碳 ¹³C-MBC	-0.346	-0.233	-0.579	<0.01
根 Root	革兰氏阴性菌 G-	0.000	-0.122	-0.122	<0.01
	真菌 Fungi	0.162	0.000	0.162	<0.01
	植物来源微生物生物量碳 ¹³C-MBC	-0.483	-0.344	-0.827	<0.01
	纤维素酶 Cellobiohydrolase	-0.413	0.000	-0.413	<0.01
	土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen	0.248	0.000	0.248	<0.01

Supplement I Basic properties of the study soil in a subtropical forest (0-20 cm)

土壤基本理化性质 Basic properties of the study soil	平均值 Mean
土壤有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg^-1)	12.30
总氮含量 TN content (g·kg^-1)	2.07
硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg N·kg^-1)	0.79
铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg N·kg^-1)	11.56
微生物生物量碳含量 MBC content (mg·kg^-1)	330.86
微生物生物量氮含量 MBN content (mg·kg^-1)	55.93
微生物碳/微生物氮 MBC:MBN	5.92
¹³C (‰)	-23.39

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