帽儿山水曲柳和落叶松径向变化及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索不同树种或环境条件下树干径向变化的规律及影响因素, 是量化和评估森林碳汇及其碳固定过程的基础。该研究以水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)和落叶松(Larix gmelinii)为研究对象, 连续高频监测树干径向变化和相关环境因子, 解析其年内和年际间的差异性, 以及环境因子对树干径向变化的影响。结果表明: 两树种的年内径向变化均符合Gompertz模型, 但在季节尺度上不完全同步, 年径向变化累积量和年平均断面积日变化速率存在显著的种间差异性。2020-2022年3年间水曲柳的径向变化起始时间早于落叶松, 年径向变化累积量达到25%的年序日(DOY₂₅)比落叶松提前3-17天, 且2021年的高峰生长时长(L_PGS)比落叶松长28天, 而径向变化终止时间较一致。两树种的径向日变化速率均表现出先增加后减小的单峰曲线趋势, 在初夏(DOY 147-DOY 157)达到峰值。两树种径向变化关键时间节点(DOY₂₅、DOY₅₀和DOY₇₅)和L_PGS受年际间环境因子影响。生长季两树种树干径向日变化受天气状况影响呈现出不同的变化趋势, 其中晴天呈正弦函数型波动。水曲柳和落叶松树干径向变化在树干径向增长盛期的日振幅与土壤体积含水量呈显著负相关关系, 而与光合有效辐射呈显著正相关关系, 两树种在树干径向增长盛期的树干径向日变化量与饱和水汽压差皆呈负相关关系。这表明树干径向季节动态受树种特性影响, 而日变化格局受土壤体积含水量、光照条件等环境因子的影响, 水分条件是影响水曲柳和落叶松径向变化的重要因素。

关键词: 径向变化, 水曲柳, 落叶松, 人工林

Abstract:

Aims Our purpose is to explore the patterns and influencing factors of stem radial variation across different tree species and environmental conditions, which serves as the basis for quantifying and assessing forest carbon sinks and their carbon sequestration processes.

Methods This study focuses on Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) and Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii), employing continuous high-frequency monitoring of stem radial variations and relevant environmental factors. The research aims to analyze intra-annual and inter-annual differences in stem radial growth patterns, as well as the influence of environmental factors on stem radial dynamics.

Important findings Intra-annual stem radial variation in both Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch conformed to the Gompertz model, but exhibited incomplete synchrony at seasonal scales, and the annual cumulative radial increment and mean daily basal increment rate had significant differences between the two species. During the three-year observation period (2020-2022), Manchurian ash exhibited earlier initiation of radial growth compared to Dahurian larch. The day of year when 25% of annual cumulative radial increment was achieved (DOY₂₅) occurred 3-17 d earlier for Manchurian ash than for Dahurian larch; Manchurian ash demonstrated a 28-day longer peak growth period (L_PGS) than Dahurian larch in 2021. The two tree species showed comparable timing of growth cessation. Both tree species exhibited unimodal patterns in daily radial growth rates, characterized by an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease, reaching peak values in early summer (DOY 147-DOY 157). The critical phenological timings of radial growth (including DOY₂₅, DOY₅₀, and DOY₇₅) and the peak growth duration (L_PGS) were significantly influenced by interannual environmental factors. The daily stem radial variation of the two tree species during the growing season showed different trends depending on weather conditions, with a sinusoidal function type of fluctuation on sunny days. Daily amplitudes of Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch at the peak period of stem radial growth were significantly negatively correlated with volumetric soil water content and significantly positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation. The amount of daily stem radial variation was negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit for both species during the peak period of stem radial growth. This indicates that seasonal dynamics of stem radial variation are influenced by the characteristics of tree species, while the daily variation patterns are affected by environmental factors such as soil volumetric water content and light conditions. Moisture availability is a key factor influencing the stem radial variation of Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch.

Key words: radial variation, Fraxinus mandshurica, Larix gmelinii, plantation

于普, 张全智, 王传宽. 帽儿山水曲柳和落叶松径向变化及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 160-172. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0036

YU Pu, ZHANG Quan-Zhi, WANG Chuan-Kuan. Radial variation and its influencing factors of Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii in Mao’ershan. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(1): 160-172. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0036

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0036

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I1/160

图/表 8

表1 水曲柳和落叶松研究样树的基本信息

Table 1 Basic information of the sample trees for Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii

树种 Tree species	样树编号 Sample tree No.	胸径 DBH (cm)	树皮厚度 BT (mm)	树高 H (m)
水曲柳 F. mandshurica	1	24.79	9.38	19.53
	2	25.27	8.52	19.65
	3	28.20	9.98	20.21
落叶松 L. gmelinii	4	23.80	8.80	22.90
	5	25.62	10.03	23.23
	6	31.51	9.77	23.88

图1 采用Gompertz模型对2020-2022年生长季水曲柳(FM)和落叶松(DL)树干径向累积变化的拟合及气象因子动态。平滑虚线为拟合曲线, 波动虚线为原始测量值。SWCmin, 土壤体积含水量日最低值; VPD, 饱和水汽压差日均值。

Fig. 1 Fitting of the cumulative variation of tree stem radial increment for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) during the growing seasons from 2020 to 2022 using the Gompertz model and the dynamics of meteorological factors. Smooth dash lines represent fitting curves, and fluctuating dash lines indicate original measured values. SWCmin, daily minimum of soil volumetric water content; VPD, daily mean vapor pressure deficit.

图2 水曲柳(FM)和落叶松(DL)断面积日变化速率拟合及年总径向变化累积量和年平均断面积日变化速率的差异性分析(平均值±标准差)。不同大写字母和小写字母分别表示年总径向变化累积量和年平均断面积日变化速率在树种间和年份间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Fitting of the daily variation rate of the basal area for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL), and the analysis of differences in the annual total cumulative radial increment and the annual mean daily variation rate of basal area between FM and DL (mean ± SD). Different uppercase letters and lowercase letters indicate significant differences of the annual total cumulative radial increment and the annual mean daily variation rate of basal area among tree species and among years (p < 0.05), respectively.

图3 2020至2022年水曲柳(FM)和落叶松(DL)径向变化关键时间节点。DOY25、DOY50和DOY75分别为年径向变化累积量达到25%、50%和75%的年序日。LPGS = DOY75 - DOY25, 为高峰生长时间长度。

Fig. 3 Key time nodes of stem radial variation for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) from 2020 to 2022. DOY25, DOY50, and DOY75 are the days of the year when the cumulative annual radial increment reaches 25%, 50%, and 75%. LPGS = DOY75 - DOY25, representing the length of the peak growing season.

图4 2020至2022年水曲柳(FM)和落叶松(DL)径向变化关键时间节点差异性分析(平均值±标准差)。DOY25、DOY50和DOY75分别为年径向变化累积量达到25%、50%和75%的年序日。LPGS = DOY75 - DOY25, 为高峰生长时间长度。不同大写字母和小写字母分别表示DOY25、DOY50、DOY75和LPGS在树种间和年份间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Analysis of the differences in key time nodes of stem radial variation for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) from 2020 to 2022 (mean ± SD). DOY25, DOY50, and DOY75 are the days of the year when the cumulative annual radial increment reaches 25%, 50%, and 75%. LPGS = DOY75 - DOY25, representing the length of the peak growing season. Different uppercase letters and lowercase letters indicate significant differences of DOY25, DOY50, DOY75 and LPGS among tree species and among years (p < 0.05), respectively.

图5 不同天气条件下水曲柳(FM)和落叶松(DL)树干径向日变化(2020年6-9月)。

Fig. 5 Daily dynamics of stem radial variation of Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) under different weather conditions (June to September 2020).

图6 增长盛期水曲柳(FM)和落叶松(DL)树干日变化振幅与环境因子的相关性。PARtotal, 光合有效辐射日总值; SWCmin, 土壤体积含水量日最低值。

Fig. 6 Correlation between the stem radial variation amplitudes and environmental factors for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) during the peak growth period. PARtotal, total daily photosynthetically active radiation; SWCmin, daily minimum of soil volumetric water content.

图7 增长盛期(PG)和平稳波动期(SF)水曲柳(FM)和落叶松(DL)树干径向日变化量与环境因子的相关关系。PAR, 光合有效辐射; RH, 相对湿度; SWC, 土壤体积含水量; T, 空气温度; VPD, 饱和水汽压差。

Fig. 7 Correlations between the amount of daily stem radial variation and environmental factors for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) during the peak growth period (PG) and steady fluctuation period (SF). PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; RH, relative humidity; SWC, soil volumetric water content; T, air temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

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